Professional Documents
Culture Documents
power dynamics
a) Evolution of new world order
from unipolar to multipolar
b) Indo-pacific region as a stage
of a cold war between us and
china
c) Indo-Israeli-US nexus
potentially altering the balance
of power
d) The tussle between Iran and
KSA for dominance in the
Middle East
e) The trilateral axis of Russia-
China-Pakistan –a pivotal role
in Asia’s geopolitics
f) The growing Azerbaijan-
Turkey-Pakistan friendship
An overview of changing global
power dynamics
a) Evolution of new world order
from unipolar to multipolar
b) Indo-pacific region as a stage
of a cold war between us and
china
c) Indo-Israeli-US nexus
potentially altering the balance
of power
d) The tussle between Iran and
KSA for dominance in the
Middle East
e) The trilateral axis of Russia-
China-Pakistan –a pivotal role
in Asia’s geopolitics
f) The growing Azerbaijan-
Turkey-Pakistan friendship
An overview of changing global
power dynamics
a) Evolution of new world order
from unipolar to multipolar
b) Indo-pacific region as a stage
of a cold war between us and
china
c) Indo-Israeli-US nexus
potentially altering the balance
of power
d) The tussle between Iran and
KSA for dominance in the
Middle East
e) The trilateral axis of Russia-
China-Pakistan –a pivotal role
in Asia’s geopolitics
f) The growing Azerbaijan-
Turkey-Pakistan friendship
An overview of changing global
power dynamics
a) Evolution of new world order
from unipolar to multipolar
b) Indo-pacific region as a stage
of a cold war between us and
china
c) Indo-Israeli-US nexus
potentially altering the balance
of power
d) The tussle between Iran and
KSA for dominance in the
Middle East
e) The trilateral axis of Russia-
China-Pakistan –a pivotal role
in Asia’s geopolitics
f) The growing Azerbaijan-
Turkey-Pakistan friendship
An overview of changing global
power dynamics
a) Evolution of new world order
from unipolar to multipolar
b) Indo-pacific region as a stage
of a cold war between us and
china
c) Indo-Israeli-US nexus
potentially altering the balance
of power
d) The tussle between Iran and
KSA for dominance in the
Middle East
e) The trilateral axis of Russia-
China-Pakistan –a pivotal role
in Asia’s geopolitics
f) The growing Azerbaijan-
Turkey-Pakistan friendship
Changing dynamics of Foreign Policy of Pakistan and global
dynamics
Pakistan’s Foreign Policy seeks to protect, promote and advance Pakistan’s national interests in
the external domain.
The Foreign Ministry contributes towards safeguarding Pakistan’s security and advancing
Pakistan’s development agenda for progress and prosperity following the guiding principles laid
out by our founding fathers.
Foreign policy is the substance of nation’s efforts to promote its interest vis-à-vis other nations –
NORMAL HILLS
1- Size of territory
2- Geographical factor (role of English channel in British FP )
3- Level and nature of economic development
4- Cultural and historical factors
5- Political accountability and role of government institutions
6- Ideology
7- Global strategic environment
8- Technology
9- Alliances and international treaties.
Objectives of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy
Pakistan’s foreign policy is essentially geared at achieving its national
objectives of peace and stability through international cooperation.
In light of the guiding principles laid down by the founding fathers and the constitution as also
aspirations of the people of Pakistan, the objectives of foreign policy can be summarized as
under:
– Developing friendly relations with all countries of the world, especially major powers and
immediate neighbors. ( Article 40 ; Muslim countries )
– Ensuring optimal utilization of national resources for regional and international cooperation .
CHANGING WORLD ORDER
b) Indo-pacific region as a stage of a cold war between the USA and China
d) The tussle between Iran and KSA for dominance in the Middle East
b) Playing the role of mediator to end hostilities between Iran and KSA
c) Facilitating the peace deal between the U.S. and the Taliban
Political Leadership
Organisational Autonomy
Domestic power equation
Changing Regional and International Political Environment
Pakistan’s place in the rivalry between the United States and China
The US government says that in the future, relations with China, which is a
revisionist state, will be “competitive, adversarial, and cooperative.”
The launch of the Quad, Build Back a Better World, AUKUS, the Coalition of
Democracies, and foundational agreements with India are all parts of the United
States’ global strategy to fight China in the economic and security sectors.
Pakistan doesn’t want to be in the middle of this conflict, and it wants to keep
good relations with both of the world’s major powers.
The Sino-US spiralling systematic rivalry and competition shrink Islamabad’s space for
manoeuvring between them to cater for its economic and security needs without upsetting
anyone. Pakistan needs to adopt a hedging policy instead of a bandwagon or balance of power.
Experts explain that hedging strategy necessitates the avoidance of binaries in international
politics, prioritizes its economic gains and stabilizes domestic politics. Pakistan needs to
manoeuvre between US and China to maximize its security and economic needs. Pakistan has
very less space to make big detours owing to its internal political unrest and bad economic
condition.
Two of the three major wars between India and Pakistan, in 1947 and 1965, as
well as a short war in 1999, were caused by disagreements over territory in
Kashmir.
In the midst of South Asia’s geostrategic fulcrum, Russia and China are
providing Pakistan with opportunities to become a more powerful nation.
China hopes that Russia will join the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, which
has recently made considerable progress. Since then, Pakistan has authorized
Russian use of the Gwadar Port for exports from that nation.
Pakistan will only benefit from a multi-polar new world order in South Asia if it
knows its economic, military, and fiscal policies so it doesn’t get involved in the
power politics of the major powers, which would be bad for Pakistan.
Saudi Arabia and Iran have frequently acted as rivals for influence in the Middle
East. Pakistan works with both of these countries and tries to keep the peace
and stability in the area.
For the sake of regional peace and stability, Pakistan volunteered to bridge the
chasm between Iran and Saudi Arabia for the sake of cooperation because, in
today’s world, only cooperation is rewarded and defection is not.
Whenever Saudi Arabia has required Pakistan’s assistance in a time of crisis,
Pakistan has been at the forefront. Pakistan has been a key part of Saudi
Arabia’s “Looking East” policy because it has been a place to start.
Likewise, as a close neighbor, Pakistan places a high value on its relations with
Iran and seeks to preserve them.
Pakistan is also opposed to a schism between the country’s two largest religious
groups, Sunni and Shia. Pakistan has taken steps to defuse the escalating
tensions between Saudi Arabia and Iran.
This cooperation, which is often used as a model for how states should work
with each other, has grown over the last seventy years, even though there have
been some problems.
Adapting to Russia
Improving relations with Russia has been a foreign policy objective of Pakistan.
The relationship between Pakistan and the US has gotten worse because
Pakistan hasn’t done enough to stop terrorists from using Pakistan as a base to
operate in Afghanistan.
Suggestions
Today, Pakistan’s foreign policy needs to be looked at again and rethought in a
way that improves the country’s image abroad and works for the public good.
Pakistan can only have the best foreign policy if it has a strong political will and
acts in a practical way.
Pakistan must also safeguard its geostrategic and national security interests,
which include Kashmir. At the same time, Pakistan must also strengthen its
economic and commercial ties with foreign nations.
• Need for coherent and consistent approach and synergy between military and
political leadership
As the Foreign Office has repeatedly reiterated the centrality of economic self-sufficiency
for pursuing an independent foreign policy, tangible steps need to be taken in the said
direction.
Pakistan must revisit its bilateral ties with Iran and Afghanistan in order to strengthen
Pakistan’s economic diplomacy stance. I