THREE TYPES OF LIGHTING

THREE TYPES OF LIGHTING

1. General - provides an area with overall illumination;
provides fairly uniform lighting.
Example: ceiling fixtures that light up large areas.
2. Task (Local) - increases light levels over the work
and immediate surroundings. Local lighting often
allows the user to adjust and control lighting and
provides flexibility for each user.
Localized-general lighting uses overhead fixtures in
addition to ceiling fixtures to increase lighting levels
for particular tasks.
3. Accent - Directional lighting to emphasize a
particular object or draw attention to a display item.
THREE TYPES OF LIGHTING: (GOOGLE IMAGE)
General, Localized-General, Local (Task)
A good lighting plan combines all three types to light
an area, according to function and style.
Natural Lighting - a lighting source that closely
replicates natural sunlight can be considered natural
light source.
DAYLIGHTING
The most practical method of passive solar energy
utilization in commercial buildings
Reduces lighting energy use and cooling load as well
Sunlight is a highly efficient source of illumination
(produce levels of illumination 50 times as high as
those recommended for artificial illumination)
Different Types of Light Fixtures (GOOGLE IMAGE)
1. DIRECT - Direct lighting tends to create shadows.
2. DIRECT-INDIRECT - distribute light equally upward
and downward
3. INDIRECT - distribute 90 to 100 percent of the light
upward
Different Types of Light Fixtures
4. SHIELDED (VARIOUS TYPES) - diffusers, lenses
and louvers to cover bulbs from direct view to prevent
glare and distribute light
Diffusers: translucent or semi-transparent (see-through)
covers made of glass or plastic; bottom or sides of light
fixtures to control brightness.
Lenses: clear, transparent glass, plastic covers; incorporates
prisms and flutes to distribute light in specific ways
Louvers: baffles that shield the bulb from view and reflect
light; can be contoured to control light and decrease
brightness. Parabolic louvers are specially shaped grids that
concentrate and distribute light.
Different Types of Light Fixtures
4. SHIELDED (VARIOUS TYPES) (GOOGLE IMAGE)
Lighting System Types
Lighting systems: five categories according to how
they control or distribute light
1 INDIRECT
2 SEMI-INDIRECT
3 GENERAL-DIFFUSE and
DIRECT-INDIRECT
4 SEMI-DIRECT
5 DIRECT
They differ principally in the
proportion of light directed
upward or downward.
(GOOGLE IMAGE)
(GOOGLE IMAGE)

Type Distribution of Light Emitted by

Luminaire
Upward (%) Downward (%)
Indirect 90 – 100 0 – 10
Semi-Indirect 60 – 90 10 – 40
General Diffuse 40 – 60 40 – 60
Semi-Direct 10 – 40 60 – 90
Direct 0 – 10 90 – 100
INDIRECT (GOOGLE IMAGE)
Walls and ceiling must therefore have a high-reflectance finish
Room illumination is diffuse, shadowless, uniform, and with
low glare
Inefficient, since all of the useful light reaches the working
plane only after a double reflection – within the fixture and off
the ceiling
SEMI-INDIRECT (GOOGLE IMAGE)
More efficient than indirect
Allow higher levels of illumination without glare
Employs a translucent diffusing element through which the
downward component shines
Ceiling is the principal radiating source, and the character of
the room lighting is still diffuse
 GENERAL-DIFFUSE AND DIRECT-INDIRECT
(GOOGLE IMAGE)

Fixtures distribute approximately an

equal amount of light upward and
downward
Provide a bright ceiling and upper wall
background for the luminaire
General-diffuse fixtures (diffusing globe)
emit light equally in all directions
Direct-indirect fixtures have an open top,
luminous side, and diffusing bottom.
Their light output has very little horizontal
component
SEMI-DIRECT (GOOGLE IMAGE)
The minor upward component serves to illuminate the ceiling
Shadowing in the space not a problem upward component is
at least 25 percent and the ceiling reflectance is at least 70
percent
DIRECT (GOOGLE IMAGE)
Inherently efficient; basically all light is directed downward
Illumination of the ceiling is entirely due to light reflected from
the floor and room furnishings
Require a light, diffuse, high-reflectance floor, unless a dark
ceiling is desired for aesthetic purposes
Since illumination is largely independent of wall reflectance,
walls may be any color.