ACOUSTICS AND LIGHTING SYSTEMS

Methods of Illumination
Lighting
- The science, theory, or method of providing
illumination through the use of electric lamps
Types of Lighting:
General lighting
- Deisnged to provide a uniform level of illumination
throughout an area Task lighting
- Often called, “ambient lighting” illuminating an area - Designed to provide strong illumination for a
thoroughly visually demanding activity, such as reading or
- The aim is for general lighting is to create an sewing
illumination as natural as possible - Intended for performing specific tasks that needs a
higher level of brightness compared to general
lighting
- Tasks involves: Reading, writing, food
preparation/cooking

Accent lighting
- Calls the attention to a particular object or feature
in the visual field. Or that forms a decorative pattern
on a surface
- Often. Its main objective is pure aesthetics
- Its intention is to catch the attention of the viewer
to a point of interest and build a visual accent

Local lighting
- Designed to provide a relatively high level of
illumination over a small area, with a surrounding
area of lower intensity of spill light
- Local lighting illumination does not contribute to the
general lighting
Lighting
- Primary purpose: to provide sufficient illumination
for the performance of visual tasks
- The recommended levels of illumination reveals the
amount of lighting needed to be supplied to specific
tasks. Furthermore, this amount of lighting affects
how a space is revealed.

Types of lighting system

- Luminaires may be categorized according to the
percentage of light emitted above and below a
horizontal plane. The actual light distribution is
determined by the type of lamp, lens, and reflector
housing used. General diffuse lighting
- Lighting form luminaires that emit an approximately
Indirect lighting equal distribution of light upward and downward
- Lighting in which luminaires distribute 90% to 100% - An opal diffusing globe
of the emitted light upward - Gives light in a directions
- All of the light reaches the horizontal working plane
indirectly via reflection from the ceiling
- Avoid glare and prevent shadow
- Source of light must be suspended atleast 18” and
a ceiling height of 2.85m

Direct-inderect lighting
Semi-indirect lighting - General diffuse lighting in which little light is emitted
- Lighting in which luminaires distribute 60% to 90% in the horizontal plane of the luminaires
of the emitted light upward. - An open top luminous side and bottom luminaire
- Allows higher level of illumination without
undesirable brightness contrast between fixture and
surroundings along with lower ceiling brightness.
Semi-direct lighting
- Lighting in which luminaires distribute 60% to 90%
of the emitted light downward
- Applicable to offices, classrooms, shops, and other
working areas

Direct lighting
- Lighting in which luminaires distribute 90% to 100%
of the emitted light downward on the surface or area
to be illuminated
- Ceiling illumination is due to light reflected from the
floor and room furnishings
- Pendant fixtures are used to lower the apparent
ceiling of a poorly proportioned room or to hide
pipeline or ductwork