LIGHTING DESIGN

TERMS AND DEFINITION

• Daylight encompasses all natural light
that is available during the day and
originates from the radiation of the sun in
the visible spectrum.
• Sunlight is the part of daylight that is
radiated directly from the sun to the area
of interest.
 TERMS AND DEFINITION
• Sky light is the part of the daylight that is
scattered and redirected by the
atmosphere. It can be available together
with sunlight, or alone (Eg. on cloudy or
overcast sky conditions).
• Ground light is daylight that is reflected
by surfaces below the observer
(mathematically: below the plane of the
horizon).
 TERMS AND DEFINITION
• Sunny sky is any sky condition where the
sun happens to shine (through the clouds,
if there are any). This can be combined
with any of the following three conditions.
• Clear sky has less than 30 % cloud cover,
or none. This sky is most likely to be
combined with sun.
 TERMS AND DEFINITION
• Partly cloudy sky has between 30 % and 70 %
cloud cover. This sky can be combined with sun
in some cases.
• Cloudy sky has more than 70 % cloud cover.
This sky normally excludes the sun.
• Overcast sky has a completely closed cloud
cover (100 %). Obviously, this sky can't be
combined with sun in a meaningful way. This is
the sky condition applied in daylight factor
calculations.
 WHAT IS LIGHT?

• Defined as RADIATION from a source

which is capable of stimulating the eye
and is assessed in terms of its ability to
enable us to see.
 What is LIGHTING DESIGN?
• To achieve certain illumination level
which can create different environment
• To solve lighting / illumination problem
with certain illumination types and
techniques which can create certain
environment.
 Functions of Lighting
• For carrying out tasks
• For creation of amenity
• For creation of deliberate aesthetic effect
• For the provision of safety
 Light Source

A) Natural Light/ Daylight (direct from the

sun)
B) Artificial Light/ Electrical Lighting
(artificial sources by electric lamps)
 Natural Lighting/ Daylighting
1. Principal characteristic of daylight are varies:
i. Daylight colour changes
ii. Cleanliness of atmosphere
iii. Inter-reflection of surrounding objects

2. Daylight has 2 components:

i. SUNLIGHT
ii. SKYLIGHT
 Natural Lighting/ Daylighting
FLAT SKYLIGHT SECTION CLERESTORY SECTION
 Natural Lighting/ Daylighting
ROOF MONITOR SECTION DOMED SKYLIGHT SECTION
 Natural Lighting/ Daylighting
CLERESTORY + MAIN WINDOW SAWTOOTH SECTION
 Natural Lighting/ Daylighting
3. The proper introduction of daylight into
interior:
▪ To satisfy the biological need of the mind & body
changes.
▪ To provide visual variety with controlled luminance
contrast.

4. Daylight and view do not necessary go

together and often are achieved through
different building openings.
 Natural Lighting/ Daylighting
5. Daylight through openings/ windows can
cause glare – that may results in visual
disability or discomfort or both.

6. Glare can be control by:

i. Reducing the opening/window area.
ii. Using blinds or curtains
iii. Using materials that reduce light
transmission.
Natural Lighting/ Daylighting
Daylight Design =
Window + Opening

FLUSH OPENING
Natural Lighting/ Daylighting
Daylight Design=
Window + Opening

SPLAYED JAMBS
Natural Lighting/ Daylighting
Daylight Design =
Window + Opening

DEEP WINDOW WELL

Artificial Light/ Electrical Lighting
1. Criteria of artificial light should be considered :
i. Practicality of the task.
ii. Output, Efficiency and Cost
iii. Aesthetic appearance of the lit space.
2. 3 types of artificial light
i. Incandescent
ii. Fluorescent
iii. Discharge
Artificial Light : INCANDESCENT
Lamps that generate light by the passage of an
electric current through a wire coil (tungsten
filament) mounted in a vacuum.
Artificial Light : FLUORESCENT
Lamps that is operated by passing an electric
current through a gas/ vapour. It is contained
in a bulb which is coated with phosphor at the
inside.
 Artificial Light : DISCHARGE

1. Circuit requirement similar

to mercury vapour lamps.
2. 2 types of discharge lamps:
i. Low pressure sodium
lamp
ii. High pressure sodium
lamp

A LPS streetlight at full power

Basic Types of ILLUMINATION

3 basic types of lighting:

i. General/ background/ ambient lighting-
provides overall brightness in the space.
ii. Direct/ task lighting – gives enough light for
specific needs such as study, reading or
sewing.
iii. Accent/ decorative lighting – drawing the
eye to special features in room.
 LUMINANCE
• Direction & distribution of light
• A luminaire (a complete lighting unit) emits light
in one of 3 directions:
i. Downward
ii. Upward
iii. Multidirectional
• And in one of 2 distributions:
i. Concentrated
ii. Diffuse –widely spread
 LUMINANCE
• DOWNLIGHT – A light fitting that casts light
directly downwards, usually mounted or
recessed in the ceiling.

Concentrate downward distribution Diffuse downward distribution

 LUMINANCE
• UPLIGHTER – A light fitting that directs light
upwards on ceiling, illuminating the room by
reflection, usually wall-mounted or free-standing.

Concentrate upward distribution Diffuse upward distribution

 LUMINANCE
• MULTIDIRECTIONAL (GENERAL) – Light
fitting emit light in several directions at the same
time – toward the ceiling, wall & floor.

Multidirectional distribution
 LUMINANCE
• WALL-WASHER – Light fitting designed to cast
lightly evenly across & down a wall using the
wall as a reflector – usually ceiling mounted

Multidirectional concentrate distribution

 Direct Lighting

• Lighting provided from a source without reflection from

other surfaces.
• In daylighting, this means that the light has travelled on
a straight path from the sky (or the sun) to the point of
interest.
• In electrical lighting it usually describes an installation
of ceiling mounted or suspended luminaires with mostly
downward light distribution characteristics.
 Direct Lighting

ADVANTAGES:
• Very energy effective lighting.
• Plastic display of three dimensional objects, eg.
sculptures.
• Well suited for zonal or accent lighting.
• Can create a vivid environment with attractive light and
shadow patterns eg. on wall surfaces.
 Direct Lighting

DISADVANTAGES:
• The ceiling is relatively dark, which can cause a "cave
like" environment.
• Luminaires with wide opening angle that are badly
positioned can cause reflected glare on computer
screens, dark "executive style" desk surfaces or glossy
paper.
• Harsh shadows can be unflattering when cast on human
faces.
 Indirect Lighting

• Lighting provided by reflection usually from wall or

ceilings surfaces.
• In daylighting, this means that the light coming from the
sky or the sun is reflected on a surface of high reflectivity
like a wall, a window sill or a special redirecting device.
• In electrical lighting the luminaires are suspended from
the ceiling or wall mounted and distribute light mainly
upwards so it gets reflected off the ceiling or the walls.
 Indirect Lighting

ADVANTAGES:
• Creates a soft, undisturbing environment suitable for
concentrated work or viewing paintings or drawings.
• Reflective glare on computer monitors can be controlled
more easily.
• Displays human faces advantageously for social
gatherings.
• Can be installed without disturbing the ceiling surface
(eg. in historical buildings or a painted ceiling).
 Indirect Lighting

DISADVANTAGES:
• It can be disturbing if the ceiling is the brightest surface
in a room.
• Makes it difficult to recognize details on three
dimensional objects.
• There is very little contrast in the room which can be
boring.
• Not very energy effective.
LIGHTING AT RETAIL
LIGHTING FOR EDUCATIONAL
 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING
Reference:
• http://store.starrynightlights.com
• http://ga.architecturalarealighting.com/
• http://www.lightingprojects.co.uk
• http://www.schorsch.com/kbase/glossary/
• http://www.archlighting.com
 THE END
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