Solid waste pollution &

Its Management
 What is Solid waste pollution?

Emergence of pollution due to increased deposition or accumulation of both biodegradable

and non-biodegradable materials, such as food waste, paper, plastics, glass, metals and
other waste products which causes harmful effects to the environment, wildlife, and
human health.

The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986: This act empowers the central government to take measures to
protect and improve the quality of the environment and to prevent and control environmental pollution.

The Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016: The Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016, were introduced
to improve solid waste management practices in India. They lay down guidelines for waste segregation,
storage, collection, transportation, processing, and disposal. These rules emphasize the principle of
"reduce, reuse, and recycle."
 Classification of Solid waste

Organic Solid Waste Inorganic Solid Waste

Biodegradable materials, such as food Non-biodegradable materials, including

waste, yard waste, paper, and other plastics, metals, glass, rubber, ceramics,
natural materials and synthetic fabrics.

Undergoes anaerobic decomposition, These materials do not naturally break

producing methane, a potent greenhouse down and persist in the environment for
gas. extended periods.
 Solid waste Generation
Municipal solid waste (MSW)
Municipal solid waste (MSW)
refers to the waste generated by
households, businesses, and
institutions within a specific area,
typically a city or town.
This type of waste includes everyday items like
food waste, packaging, clothing, furniture,
appliances, and other materials that people
discard.
House hold waste
Household waste, also known as
domestic waste or residential
waste, refers to the waste
generated by households or
individuals within a home setting
Components of refuse are
Garbage : Food wastes and wet waste
Rubbish: Dry waste including glass, tin cans, E-waste,
wood , metal and paper
 Causes of Solid waste pollution

Solid waste pollution negatively affects the

Environmental Impact environment by contaminating soil, water bodies, and
air, leading to habitat destruction

Health Hazards Significant health risks to humans, including the spread

of diseases through contaminated water and breeding
grounds

Marine and terrestrial wildlife: Animals may ingest

Effects on Wildlife plastic or become entangled in it, causing injury or
death
 Environmental Impact
Leachate

Solid waste Dissolve the Leachate are the liquid

Rain water stays in chemical substance extracted
dumped in
contact with dumped component and from the dissolved
landfills, pits, and solid waste leads to formation particulates derived of
ponds of Leachate
solid waste

Leachate
It infiltrate the contaminates the
drinking water and surface water
causes health penetrates the
hazards ground water and
contaminate
 Health Hazards: Improper Solid waste management
Contaminated water and breeding
grounds for disease-carrying vectors
like mosquitoes
Zika virus, Chikungunya virus,
Dengue, and Malaria.
Food waste attracts Parasitic infections
Rats and other rodents
Plague: Although more Contaminated food and
commonly associated with water transmit infections
fleas that infest rats
Rat-Bite Fever (RBF) Flea Tapeworm Infection:
Fleas can host the larvae of
Salmonellosis: An infection the tapeworm
caused by the bacteria
Salmonella.
Rickettsia typhi is a Gram-
Leptospirosis: A bacterial negative bacteium
infection caused by
Leptospira bacteria.
 Impact on Wild life

Ingestion : Plastic waste

Entanglement

Chemical and Toxin Exposure

 Impact on Wild life

Wildlife may ingest with in improperly disposed waste, leading to injury,

Ingestion : Plastic waste
suffocation, or death.

Wildlife can become entangled in plastic debris, such as fishing nets,

Entanglement
plastic rings, and bags. This can lead to injuries, amputations, and
restricted movement, making it difficult for them to hunt, eat, or escape
predators.

Chemical and Toxin Exposure Chemicals, oils, and other pollutants in improperly managed solid waste,
can poison wildlife, impacting their health and reproductive capabilities.

Waste disposal can attract wildlife to human settlements in search of

Human-Wildlife Conflict food, increasing the likelihood of conflict between humans and wildlife.
 Solid Waste Pollution - Mitigation

Public Awareness and

Separation Composting Education

 Separate waste into categories Raise awareness about waste

Encourage composting of
like organic, recyclable, and management practices through
organic waste to produce
non-recyclable to facilitate campaigns, workshops, and
nutrient-rich soil additives for
proper disposal and recycling. educational programs to change
gardening and farming
behaviors and attitudes toward
waste
 Solid Waste Management
Reuse, Recycling, and Recovery

Reuse Recycling Recovery

Reuse of materials involves either

Recycling is the collection of a Refuse can be processed by
the voluntary continued use of a
product by the public and the running it under a magnet
product for different purpose
return of this material to the that removes the metal
Product does not return to
industrial sector. components
the industrial sector
 Solid Waste Management Techniques

Size Reduction

• Size reduction, or shredding, is brute force breaking of particles of refuse by swinging

hammers in an enclosure.
• Two types of shredder are used in solid waste processing: vertical and horizontal hammer
mills,
 Solid Waste Management Techniques

Screens Magnets

Screens separate material solely by size Material may be removed from refuse with
and do not identify the material by any magnets, which continually extract the
other property. Consequently, screens Iron material and reject the remainder.
are most often used in materials recovery
as a classification step before a materials
separation process
Solid Waste Management Techniques

Incinerators

Incineration is an effective treatment of

municipal solid waste.

It reduces the volume of waste by a factor

of 10 to 20 times

Incinerator ash is both more stable and

more compactible than the refuse itself.

Disposal of ash that concentrates heavy

metal oxides may be problematic
 Solid Waste Management Techniques

Landfill Management & Energy Production

Aerobic organisms are

Stage 1 active as the organisms use up the
available oxygen

Anaerobic decomposition begins.

During the second stage, the acid
Stage 2
formers cause a buildup of CO2

These organisms are capable of

Stage 3 converting carbon dioxide (CO2) and
other simple carbon compounds into
methane (CH4)
CO2 + 4H2 → CH4 + 2H2O
Since landfills produce considerable
Steady-state condition occurs when quantities of methane, landfill gas can
Stage 4 the fractions of CO2 and CH 4 are be burned to produce electric power.
equal
Solid Waste Management Techniques

Waste Management Scheme

Thanks for your Time
& Listening