INSTITUTO ARNAIZ

NIVEL BACHILLERATO
Ciclo Escolar 2023-2024
GUIA SEMESTRAL 5° SEMESTRE
Disciplina:
INGLÉS

CONTENIDO:
1) SIMPLE PRESENT
2) PRESENT CONTINUOS (PROGRESSIVE)
3) PAST SIMPLE
4) READING
5) MODAL VERBS
6) WAS OR WERE
 SIMPLE PRESENT.

We can use the present simple to talk about things we do regularly.

For the present simple, add s or es for he, she and it.
For the negative, use don't for I, you, we and they,
and doesn't for he, she and it.
I watch cartoons every day. I don't watch the news.
My dad makes dinner every evening. He doesn't make lunch.

Use the simple present tense to talk about things that are planned for
the future.
ACTIVITY: CIRCLE TRUE OR FALSE FOR THESE SENTENCES ABOUT THE
PRESENT SIMPLE.

ACTIVITY: CIRCLE THE BEST WORD TO COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES.

ACTIVITY: WRITE THE WORD IN THE CORRECT FORM TO FILL THE GAPS.
 PRESENT CONTINUOS (PROGRESSIVE)

We use the present continuous (am/is/are + -ing) to talk about

temporary things which have begun but haven't finished. They are
often happening now, at this moment. For the negative, use not.
I'm going to the park now. I'm not going to school.
She's studying English now. She isn't studying maths.
INSTRUCTIONS: PUT IN THE VERBS IN BRACKETS INTO THE GAPS

1. The teacher the door. (not/to close)

2. you the washing-up? (to do)
3. They the printers. (to check)
4. your grandmother at birds? (to look)
5. We the checkpoint. (not/to pass)
6. they to help? (to try)
7. She to the centre of the town. (not/to walk)
8. the policemen into the bank? (to run)
9. Look! Steve's mother a Frappuccino. (to make)
10. You the words correctly. (not/to link)

PAST SIMPLE
Use the simple past tense to talk about things that happened in the
past. The simple past tense is also used to talk about things that
happened in stories
Something that happened once in the past
Something that happened several times in the past
Something that was true for some time in the past
We often use expressions with ago with the past simple
ACTIVITY: CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION BETWEEN SIMPLE PRESENT
AND SIMPLE PAST.
READING

The history of graffiti.

The first drawings on walls appeared in caves thousands of years ago.
Later the Ancient Romans and Greeks wrote their names and protest
poems on buildings. Modern graffiti seems to have appeared in
Philadelphia in the early 1960s, and by the late sixties it had reached New
York. The new art form really took off in the 1970s, when people began
writing their names, or ‘tags’, on buildings all over the city. In the mid
seventies it was sometimes hard to see out of a subway car window,
because the trains were completely covered in spray paintings known as
‘masterpieces’.
In the early days, the ‘taggers’ were part of street gangs who were
concerned with marking their territory. They worked in groups called
‘crews’, and called what they did ‘writing’ – the term ‘graffiti’ was first used
by The New York Times and the novelist Norman Mailer. Art galleries in
New York began buying graffiti in the early seventies. But at the same
time that it began to be regarded as an art form, John Lindsay, the then
mayor of New York, declared the first war on graffiti. By the 1980s it
became much harder to write on subway trains without being caught, and
instead many of the more established graffiti artists began using roofs of
buildings or canvases.
The debate over whether graffiti is art or vandalism is still going on. Peter
Vallone, a New York city councillor, thinks that graffiti done with
permission can be art, but if it is on someone else’s property it becomes a
crime. ‘I have a message for the graffiti vandals out there,’ he said
recently. ‘Your freedom of expression ends where my property begins.’
On the other hand, Felix, a member of the Berlin-based group Reclaim
Your City, says that artists are reclaiming cities for the public from
advertisers, and that graffiti represents freedom and makes cities more
vibrant.
For decades graffiti has been a springboard to international fame for a
few. Jean-Michel Basquiat began spraying on the street in the 1970s
before becoming a respected artist in the ’80s. The Frenchman Blek le
Rat and the British artist Banksy have achieved international fame by
producing complex works with stencils, often making political or
humorous points. Works by Banksy have been sold for over £100,000.
Graffiti is now sometimes big business.

ACTIVITY: COMPLETE THE GAPS WITH A NOUN FROM THE BOX

MODAL VERBS
We use modals to show if we believe something is certain, possible or impossible:
My keys must be in the car.
It might rain tomorrow.
That can't be Peter's coat. It's too small.
We also use them to do things like talk about ability, ask permission, and make
requests and offers:
I can't swim.
May I ask a question?
Could I have some tea, please?
Would you like some help?

ACTIVITY: What's the meaning of the MODAL VERBS in these sentences?

Choose the correct meaning.

That man CAN'T be a doctor. He looks too young.

impossibility

prohibition

You CAN'T wear jeans at work. Men have to wear a suit and a tie.

impossibility

prohibition

Did you know that Mozart COULD play the piano by the time he was five?

possibility

ability

Did you know that Mozart COULD play the piano by the time he was five?

possibility
ability

When you've finished the test, you MAY quietly leave the room.

possibility

permission

I'm busy tomorrow but I MAY be able to see you on Thursday. Let me phone you.

possibility

permission

You know what? I think this rain MIGHT be stopping.

possibility

permission

I know you're busy, but MIGHT I ask you a quick question?

possibility

permission

I'm just writing to say congratulations on your engagement. You MUST be really happy!

certainty

obligation
You MUST make sure that you save all documents in the correct folder.

certainty

obligation

WILL you come with me, please?

certainty

willingness

These chocolates are lovely – but I'LL be sick if I eat any more!

certainty

willingness

WAS AND WERE

The words was and were are the simple past forms of the verb be.
 Was is the simple past form of am and is. Use was with singular nouns like
‘my dad’ and ‘the teacher’, and with the pronouns he, she and it.
 Were is the simple past form of are. Use were with plural nouns like ‘my
parents’ and ‘Jenny and Mary’, and with the pronouns we, you and they