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MATHEMATICS IN
THE MODERN
WORLD
GNED 03
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Chapter 2. Mathematical Language

and Symbols
Mathematical Language

– the system used to communicate mathematical ideas

– precise, concise, powerful, clear, and objective

Variable

– a quantity that may change within the context of a

mathematical problem or experiment
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Mathematical Expressions and

Sentences
Mathematical Expression

– consists of terms separated by either plus or minus signs

Literal Coefficient

– variable

Numerical Coefficient

– constant multiplied to the variable

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Mathematical Expressions and

Sentences
Monomial

– consists of a single term

Binomial

– consists of two terms

Trinomial

– consists of three terms

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Mathematical Expressions and

Sentences
Mathematical Sentence

– combines two mathematical expressions using a

comparison operator

– uses numbers, variables, or both

Open Sentence – mathematical sentence that is not known to

be either true or false

Closed Sentence – a mathematical sentence that is known to

be either true or false
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Mathematical Expressions and

Sentences
Examples:

1. 2𝑥𝑦 < 3𝑦
2. 25𝑚 = 𝑛
3. 2 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 2𝑦
4. 9 is an odd number
5. 10 − 1 = 8
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Mathematical Expressions and

Sentences
Examples:

6. 4=2

7. 3𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 4𝑧 = 11
8. 6 − 6 = 0
9. 𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 > 10𝑥
10. 18(2) > 16.5
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Mathematical Expressions and

Sentences
Three of the most important kinds of sentences in
mathematics are universal statements, conditional
statements, and existential statements.

Universal Statement – says that a certain property is true for

all elements in a set.

Conditional Statement – says that if one thing is true, then

some other thing also has to be true
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Mathematical Expressions and

Sentences
Existential Statement – says that given a property that may or
may not be true, there is at least one thing for which the
property is true

Examples:

1. All positive numbers are greater than zero.

2. If 378 is divisible by 18, then 378 is divisible by 6.

3. There is a prime number that is even.

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Mathematical Expressions and

Sentences
Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division
+ − ×, (),∗ ÷,/
Plus Minus Multiplied by Divided by
The sum of The difference of The product of The quotient of
Increased by Decreased by Times Per
Total Subtracted from
Added to
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Mathematical Expressions and

Sentences
Examples:

1. The sum of 8 and 𝑦

2. 4 less than 𝑥
3. 𝑥 multiplied by 13
4. The quotient of 𝑥 and 3

5. The difference of 5 and 𝑦

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Mathematical Expressions and

Sentences
Examples:

6. The ratio of 9 more than 𝑥 to 𝑥

7. Nine less than the total of a number and two

8. Twelve added to a number

9. Twice a number minus eight

10. Three-fourths of a number

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Mathematical Expressions and

Sentences
Examples:

11. Six less than twice a number is forty five.

12. A number minus seven yields ten.

13. Eight times a number is forty eight.

14. Eight less than a number is five.

15. Twice the difference of a number and three is twelve.

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Mathematical Expressions and

Sentences
Examples:

16. 6 + 𝑥

17. 14𝑥

18. 10𝑥 = 80

19. 𝑥 + 12 = 8

20. 3𝑥 = 15
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