Line distance protection REL670

Exercise 6 - Distance protection and fuse

failure

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 Exercise 6 - Distance protection and fuse failure

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ABB AB
Substation Automation Products
SE-721 59 Västerås
Sweden
Telephone: +46 (0) 21 34 20 00
Facsimile: +46 (0) 21 14 69 18
www.abb.com/substationautomation

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Exercise 6 - Distance protection and fuse failure

Distance protection and fuse failure

On completion of this exercise you should be able to

 Understand the behavior of distance protection in fuse failure situations
 Understand the need and the settings of fuse failure function
 Perform relay tests to verify the correct functionality of distance protection and fuse failure

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 Exercise 6 - Distance protection and fuse failure

Distance protection and fuse failure

Distance protection in REL670 tends to trip in case of fuse failure. The function fuse failure has been designed
to recognize this system situation and issue a signal that in REL670-A32 has been configured to block the
distance protection preventing the trip.

In this section we will set and test the fuse failure function and its interaction with distance protection by
performing several tests.

Relay settings

Distance protection settings, and communication schemes, are the same as for the previous exercise.

1. Disable fuse failure

In order to verify the behavior of distance protection when fuse failure system conditions occur, we need to
disable the function fuse failure. By default the function is Off,
so please set it off or verify that it is off in REL670.

Download (write) the settings into the REL670 (or just verify
that they are the correct ones)

Figure 1: Settings for fuse failure: disabled

Injection tests

2. Connect the test set to REL670

Keep the analog connection test set  REL670 as before.

Keep the connection Trip contact REL670  test set as before.

You can also keep other connections between REL670 and the relay test.

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Exercise 6 - Distance protection and fuse failure

3. Open the Omicron test file simulating “two-phase fuse failure”

The test file is called REL670 LL FuseFailure.seq. The file is available in the folder Files for SEP-602A
REL670 / OMICRON TESTS on the desktop of your training PC.

This file simulates the following sequence:

- Pre-fault without load current
- Two phase fuse failure

Figure 2: Sequence simulating one phase

fuse failure

4. Run the sequence and measure the operate time

QUESTION: Can you get a trip operation from distance protection? Why?
Hint: You should consider the minimum operating current of distance protection...

5. Modify the sequence with load current

The minimum operating current of distance protection is set to 20% Ibase. I base = 1200 A, which means that
distance protection will trip for fault currents above 240 primary ampere.
Figure 3 shows the modified sequence
where a load current of 300 A is
simulated.

Figure 3: L1L2 fuse failure with load

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 Exercise 6 - Distance protection and fuse failure

6. Run the sequence and measure the operate time

Distance protection will trip, and will
also send the carrier (which is based
on distance protection measurement).
Verify that distance protection
functions have tripped (use the
internal disturbance recorder)

Figure 4: Distance protection operation for 2-phase fuse failure

7. Open the Omicron test file simulating “one-phase fuse failure”

The test file is called REL670 LE
FuseFailure.seq. The file is available in
the folder Files for SEP-602A REL670 /
OMICRON TESTS on the desktop of your
training PC.

The sequence simulates one phase fuse

failure, with a load current above the
minimum operating current of the
distance protection

Figure 5: Single phase fuse failure with load

8. Run the sequence and measure the operate time

QUESTION: Can you get a trip operation from distance protection? Why?
Hint: This is a bit more complex to explain. Let’s have a discussion with your teacher.

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Exercise 6 - Distance protection and fuse failure

9. Simulate a three-phase fuse failure

The test file is called REL670 LLL FuseFailure.seq. The file is available in the folder Files for SEP-602A
REL670 / OMICRON TESTS on the desktop of your training PC.

The sequence simulates one three-phase

fuse failure, with a load current above the
minimum operating current of the
distance protection. This event can
represent for instance a three-phase trip
from the MCB protecting the main VTs.

Figure 6: Three-phase fuse failure with load

10. Run the sequence and measure the operate time

Distance protection will trip, and

will also send the carrier (which
is based on distance protection
measurement). Verify that
distance protection functions
have tripped (use the internal
disturbance recorder)

Figure 7: Distance protection operation for three-phase fuse failure

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 Exercise 6 - Distance protection and fuse failure

Distance protection with automatic fuse failure activated.

Relay settings

Distance protection settings, and communication schemes, are the same as for the previous exercise.

11. Enable fuse failure (unbalanced algorithm)

We will activate the function fuse failure, operating

with the unbalanced algorithm. It is proposed to set
the operating mode as:

OpMode = UZsIZs AND UNsINs

The values of zero sequence and negative sequence

voltage criteria is set to 70% Ubase.

Download (write) the settings into the REL670

Figure 8: Settings for fuse failure in unbalance detection mode

12. Enable fuse failure to trigger the disturbance recorder

In order to verify that fuse failure has operated, we need to set fuse failure to trigger the disturbance recorder.
Fuse failure is anyway also shown on LED 15 of the HMI.
Set the fuse failure signal in disturbance recorder as
indicated in Figure 8 and download the settings in REL670

Figure 9: Setting fuse failure to trigger the disturbance recorder

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Exercise 6 - Distance protection and fuse failure

Injection tests

13. Connect the test set to REL670

Keep the analog connection test set  REL670 as before.

Keep the connection Trip contact REL670  test set as before.

You can also keep other connections between REL670 and the relay test.

14. Open the Omicron test file simulating “two-phase fuse failure”

The test file is called REL670 LL FuseFailure with load.seq. The file is available in the folder Files for SEP-
602A REL670 / OMICRON TESTS on the desktop of your training PC.

This file simulates the following sequence:

- Pre-fault with load current
- Two-phase fuse failure

Figure 10: Sequence simulating a two

phase fuse failure with load current

15. Run the sequence and verify no trip by distance protection

Distance protection will not trip, and will also not send the carrier (which is based on distance protection
measurement).

Verify that fuse failure has been activated (use the internal disturbance recorder).

16. Simulate a three-phase fuse failure

The test file is called REL670 LLL FuseFailure.seq. The file is available in the folder Files for SEP-602A
REL670 / OMICRON TESTS on the desktop of your training PC.
The sequence simulates one three-phase
fuse failure, with a load current above the
minimum operating current of the
distance protection. This event
represents, for instance, a three-phase trip
from the MCB protecting the main VTs.

Figure 11: Three-phase fuse failure with

load

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 Exercise 6 - Distance protection and fuse failure

17. Run the sequence and verify that distance protection trips
Distance protection will trip, and will also send the carrier (which is based on distance protection measurement)
because the unbalance algorithm, based on measurement of unsymmetrical components, cannot work if all the
three voltages are lost at the same time.
In order to manage this situation, the so called “delta algorithm” must be turned on.

18. Activate the “delta algorithm” in fuse failure

The “delta algorithm” is activated by setting

OpDUDI = On

with the settings DU> and DI< the algorithm will

declare fuse failure if a voltage change of 60% of Ubase
is measured, together with a current change less than
15% Ibase. This in any of the three phases.

Download the settings in REL670

Figure 12: Activation of the “delta” algorithm

19. Run the same sequence (LLL fuse failure) and verify that distance protection does not trip

In this case distance protection has been correctly blocked by fuse failure. Verify in the disturbance recorder
that fuse failure has operated.

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Exercise 6 - Distance protection and fuse failure

Distance protection blocked by external fuse failure information (MCB Trip)

It is possible to block the distance protection from the information that the external MCB protecting the VTs
have operated. In this case the auxiliary contact of the MCB is brought to the REL670 binary input.
REL670-A32 is already engineered to take care of this signal and block the distance protection when it is active.

In order to verify the effect of this input, disable the fuse failure algorithms.

20. Disable fuse failure algorithms

Disable the fuse failure algorithms by setting their
operation to Off.

Set OpMode = Off

and

OpDUDi = Off

Download the settings in the REL670.

Figure 13: Disabling the fuse failure algorithms

Injection tests

21. Connect the test set to REL670

Keep the analog connection test set  REL670 as before.

Keep the connection Trip contact REL670  test set as before.

You can also keep other connections between REL670 and the relay test.

Additionally we need to simulate the MCB trip from the test set. Connect:

IOM INPUT 3 (MCB Trip, “MCB_PROT_TRIP”)  Binary Output 3 of the test set

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 Exercise 6 - Distance protection and fuse failure

22. Simulate a three-phase fuse failure with MCB information

The test file is called REL670 LLL FuseFailure MCB.seq. The file is available in the folder Files for SEP-602A
REL670 / OMICRON TESTS on the desktop of your training PC.

The sequence simulates one three-phase fuse failure, with a load current above the minimum operating current
of the
distance
protection.
The MCB
trip is
simulated 10
ms after the
3-phase fuse
failure.

Figure 14: Three-phase fuse failure with MCB signal

23. Run the sequence and verify no trip by distance protection

REL670 distance protection will not trip. Verify in the disturbance recorder that fuse failure has been activated

24. Find the maximum delay of the MCB trip information

QUESTION: How fast must the blocking signal from MCB be in order to not cause trip from distance
protection relay?
Hint: Consider increasing the time in step 2 of the sequence just used, you will delay the fuse failure
information to the REL670 in respect to when fuse failure really occurs. You may increase the time until the
relay always trips. Be careful and consider the delay time in activating the binary output of the test set!

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ABB AB
Substation Automation Products
SE-721 59 Västerås, Sweden
Phone +46 (0) 21 34 20 00
Fax +46 (0) 21 14 69 18
www.abb.com/substationautomation