Republic of the Philippines

BICOL UNIVERSITY POLANGUI

NURSING DEPARTMENT
Polangui, Albay
https://bicol-u.edu.ph/
ISO 9001:2015 Email: bupc.nursing@gmail.com
SOCOTECSCP000722Q

Reading in Philippine History

1. What role did the La Solidaridad play in the reform movement?

 La Solidaridad functioned as the conduit for the propaganda movement's message,
championing reforms for the Filipino populace. Established in 1889 by Filipino expatriates in
Spain, it provided a vital platform for intellectuals like Jose Rizal and Marcelo H. del Pilar to
voice grievances and advocate for political change, equality, and a strong Filipino identity.
Despite its closure in 1895 due to financial constraints, its enduring impact on fostering
Filipino nationalism and the quest for independence remained profound.

2. Why were the Filipino expatriates divided into Rizalista and Pilarista wings?
 The division of the Filipino expatriates is due to the differing approaches within the Philippine
reform movement, which led to the emergence of Rizalistas and Pilaristas. Rizalistas,
following Jose Rizal's moderate and educational approach, stood in contrast to Pilaristas,
adherents of Marcelo H. del Pilar's advocacy for immediate, forceful actions against Spanish
rule through La Solidaridad. However, Jose Rizal's departure from Madrid and his temporary
withdrawal from contributing to La Solidaridad, prompted by disillusionment with the political
situation, added to a perceived distance between him and Del Pilar within the movement.
Despite these differences, both leaders played vital roles in advocating for Philippine reforms
and independence.

3. Who comprised the triumvirate of the Propaganda Movement? What were the
contributions to the reform movement?.
 The propaganda movement was heavily moved and influenced by three prominent figures
within the realm of propagandists, namely the triumvirate, comprising José Rizal, Marcelo H.
del Pilar, and Graciano López Jaena. José Rizal, celebrated for his literary contributions,
advocated for peaceful reforms, while Marcelo H. del Pilar, serving as La Solidaridad's editor,
vehemently pressed for immediate actions against Spanish oppression through his potent
writings. Graciano López Jaena, an adept journalist and orator, utilized speeches and writings
to champion social equality and justice. Together, these leaders played pivotal roles in shaping
Filipino awareness and fostering a quest for reforms and eventual independence from colonial
rule.