1st Slide
governance in the islands.
This is a continuation for the American occupation in the
Philippines
2nd Slide
In this discussion, our 4 main keypoints or topic to be
discussed is the
• Philippine Organic Act of 1902 or CopperAct
• The Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916 or
Jones Law
• Hare-Hawes Cutting Act
• Philippine Independence Act of 1934 or
Tydings- Mcduffie Act
3rd Slide
But before we proceed to copper act let’s first discuss
what is filipinization, so it is a process or policy of actively
placing Filipinos in different government position during
the American occupation of the archipelago. This
process, considered a crucial part of preparing the
Philippines for independence.
(Filipinization means giving Filipinos important jobs in the
government while the Americans were in charge. This
was a big step in getting the Philippines ready to run its
own affairs and become independent.)
4th Slide
• During Francis Burton Harrison's term as
governor-general, the push for Filipinization
peaked.
• He was from the Democratic Party, which
supported Woodrow Wilson's presidential
victory.
• Harrison began placing educated and skilled
individuals in key government roles, notably
figures like Manuel L. Quezon and Sergio M.
Osmeña, who formed an advisory body to help
manage the colony.
• Filipinization efforts had actually started earlier
during the American occupation.
5th slide
• The Copper Act, also known as the Philippine
Organic Act of 1902, was a pivotal legislation
passed by the United States Congress during the
American occupation of the Philippines.
• It established the framework for civil
• The act provided for the creation of a legislative
body known as the Philippine Assembly, granted
certain rights to Filipinos, and allowed for the
appointment of non-voting resident
commissioners to the US Congress.
• Additionally, it addressed key issues such as the
utilization and conservation of natural resources.
• The Copper Act played a foundational role in
shaping the governance and societal structures
of the Philippines during this period.
6th slide
• In 1902, the United States Congress passed the
Philippine Organic Act, also known as the Cooper
Act.
• This law, primarily authored by Henry A. Cooper,
a member of the United States House of
Representatives from Wisconsin, became the
foundation of the colonial government in the
Philippines and instigated various societal
changes, such as Filipino participation in
governance.
• Regarded as the colony's constitution, the law
established a legislative body, the Philippine
Assembly, to be occupied by elected Filipino
statesmen.
• Additionally, the Act secured several rights for
Filipinos and granted them the privilege of
sending two non-voting resident commissioners
to the US Congress from 1907 onwards.
• Pablo Ocampo and Benito Legarda, both
graduates of the University of Santo Tomas, were
the first to hold this position.
• The law also addressed critical issues in the
Philippines, including the utilization and
conservation of natural resources.
7th slide
• The Philippine Assembly, established
following the conditions of the Cooper Act,
saw its first elections in 1907, marking a
significant moment in Filipino governance.
• Under Sergio Osmena's leadership, it began
its official functions on October 16, 1907.
• Notably, the Assembly passed Act 1801,
known as the Gabaldon Act, allocating one
 million pesos for nationwide public school Philippine political parties
construction.
Partido Federal- Deemed as pro American and thus,
• Another pivotal achievement was the
supports American activities in the country.
establishment of the University of the
Philippines in 1908. Partido Nacionalista - Founded by Pascual Poblete in
• The landscape of Filipino governance shifted August 1901
further in 1916 with the Philippine
Partido Independista- Founded by Dr. Pedro A. Paterno
Autonomy Act, supplanting the Cooper Act
and significantly enhancing Filipino Partido Democrata- Founded by Alberto Baretto, Leon
involvement in the government. Ma. Guerrero, Justo Lukban, and Jose de la Vina in 1902.
PROS Partido Conservador- Advocated for autonomous
representative government after peace and order had
BILL OF RIGHTS
been restored.
Indicated in its provisions is the Bill of Rights, which has
strengthened the civil and human rights of the Filipino
people. MANUEL QUEZON
PARTICIPATION • A governor and councilor in his home province and
became a member of the Philippine Assembly in 1907.
It has granted Filipinos the privilege of legislation and be
able to participate in the affairs of the government. • Senate President in 1907 and future president of the
Commonwealth period.
REPRESENTATION

Through the act, Filipino representation in the United

States Congress was made possible, sending 2 resident
commissioners.
CONS
The bill made the United States a protectorate of the
Philippines, which has given them the benefit of the
doubt to be considered as another race of colonizers
It had let them exploit this advantage without major
disagreements from the Philippine nation
SERGIO OSMEÑA
• Elected to the Philippine Assembly in 1907 and was
appointed to become the Speaker.
• Served as senator from 1922 until 1935 and was elected
the vice president to Quezon.
• Upon Quezon’s death in 1944, he assumed the
presidency of the Commonwealth government.

(When a bill or agreement positions one country as

MANUEL ROXAS
a protectorate of another, it implies a relationship
where the protected country allows a degree of • Served as councilor in his home province and as
control or guidance from the protecting nation in its governor before he was elected to the Philippine
affairs, often for security or economic reasons. In the Assembly in 1922 and as senator in 1941.
context of the Philippines and the United States, such • After the first World War, he was elected the first
an arrangement might be seen as suggesting that president of the Third Philippine Republic in 1946.
the United States wielded a level of influence over
the Philippines' governance or decisions, possibly
resembling the patterns seen historically with
colonizers who held authority over the regions they
colonized. This perception might lead some to view
the United States' role in the Philippines during that
time as akin to that of a colonial power.)