PHS 220

1) Digestion is defined as the process by which food is broken down into simple
substances ,absorb and used as nutrients by the body

(A) True (correct option) (B) False
2) Digestive system is made up of gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and accessory

3) The GI Mucosa has two layer of structures

(A) True (B) False (correct option)
4) The GI tract is formed by three layers

5) Smooth muscle fibers in stomach are arranged in three layers

6) GI tract has two types of nerve supply

7) There are 2 major salivary glands

8) Salivary glands are classified into two types, based on the type of secretion
9) Maltase is present in human saliva and it converts maltose into glucose.

10) Salivary secretion is regulated by nervous mechanism through reflex action

11) In humans, stomach has five parts

12) The volume of empty stomach is 100 mL

13) Physiological stomach can expand to accommodate 1 L to 1.5 L of solids and liquids
14) Peristaltic movements of stomach mix the bolus with gastric juice and convert it into the
semisolid material known as chime
15) Accordingly, gastric secretion occurs in three different phases
16) Major proteolytic enzymes of pancreatic juice are trypsin and chymotrypsin
17) Mucous membrane of small intestine is covered by minute projections called villi
18) There are 8 function of the small intestine

19) There are 4 functions of the stomach

20) Enzyme pepsin is predominantly found in the mouth

21) Ceacum is not an accessory part of the gut

22) Pancreas is not an accessory part of the gut

23) Liver is not an accessory part of the gut

24) Gall bladder is not an accessory part of the gut

25) The additional muscle in the stomach is called Linear muscle

26) The additional muscle in the stomach is called Oblique muscle

27) The additional muscle in the stomach is called Longitudinal muscle

28) The additional muscle in the stomach is called Circular muscle

29) Endocrine function is not a function of the GIT

30) Excretion is not a function of the GIT
31) Protection is not a function of the GIT

32) Secretion is not a function of the

33) Pharynx is part of the GIT

34) Larynx is part of the GIT

35) Vomiting centre is part of the GIT

36) Liver is part of the GIT

37) Salivase is an Enzyme present in saliva

38) Lipase is an Enzyme present in saliva

39) Î²-amylase is an Enzyme present in saliva

40) Peptidase is an Enzyme present in saliva

41) Is the following pair of cell and product of secretion correct: Peptic cells and HCl
42) Is the following pairs of cell and product of secretion correct: Neck cells and mucus
43) Is the following pair of cell and product of secretion correct: Parietal cells and pepsin
44) Is the following pair of cells and product of secretion correct: Neck cells and HCl
45) Brunner glands are found in the glands are found in the Mouth
46) Brunner glands are found in the glands are found in the Oesophagus
47) Brunner glands are found in the glands are found in the Duodenum
48) Brunner glands are found in the glands are found in the Ileum
49) True or False: the arrangement of the GIT wall, inside to outside is from Longitudinal muscle
comes after the circular muscle layer
50) True or False: the arrangement of the GIT wall, inside to outside is from Serosa comes first
51) True or False: the arrangement of the GIT wall, inside to outside is from Circular muscle
comes before submucosa
52) True or False: the arrangement of the GIT wall, inside to outside is from Meissnerâ€™s
plexus comes after Auerbachâ€™s plexus
53) True or False: The submucosa of the gut houses the Auerbach plexus
54) True or False: The submucosa of the gut houses the Meissnerâ€™s plexus
55) True or False: The submucosa of the gut houses the Myenteric plexus
56) True or False: The submucosa of the gut houses the Sacral plexus
57) True or False: Mesentery is part of the mucosa of the gut

58) True or False: Epithelium is part of the mucosa of the gut
59) True or False: Lamina propria is part of the mucosa of the gut
60) True or False: Muscularis mucosa is part of the mucosa of the gut
61) True or False: Saliva has the highest pH compared to Gastric secretion, succus entericus,
and Brnnerâ€™s gland
62) True or False: Gastric secretion has the highest pH compared to saliva, succus entericus,
and Brnnerâ€™s gland
63) True or False: Succus entricus has the highest pH when compared with saliva, gastric
secretion, and sucus entericus
64) True or False: Brunnerâ€™s gland has the highest pH when compared to saliva, Gastric
secretion, and succus entericus
65) True or False: The optimal pH of Pepsin is pH 2

66) True or False: The optimal pH of Pepsin is True or False: The optimal pH of Pepsin is pH 4


69) True or False Vitamin A is fat soluble

70) True or False Vitamin B is fat soluble

71) True or False Vitamin C is fat soluble

72) True or False Vitamin B6 is fat soluble

73) True or False: Ulcerative colitis affect the large intestine

74) True or False: Chron's disease affect the large intestine

75) True or False: Diarrhea affect the large intestine

76) True or False: Gastritis affect the large intestine

77) True or False: Fatty acids are fat soluble

78) Vitamin D fat soluble

79) Vitamin C fat soluble

80) Vitamin K fat soluble

81) True or False: Buccal gland is not present in the mouth

82) True or False: Epiglottis is not present in the mouth

83) True or False: Soft palate is not present in the mouth

84) True or False: Hard palate is not present in the mouth

85) True or False: the oesophagus measures 45cm on the average

86) True or False: the oesophagus secretes mucus
87) True or False: the oesophagus secretes some enzymes

88) True or False: the oesophagus is a flexible tube

89) True or false: Mucus from Brynner's gland is not a secretion of the small intestine
90) True or false: Succus entericus is not a secretion of the small intestine
91) True or false: Pepsin is not a secretion of the small intestine

92) True or false: Mucus is not a secretion of the small intestine

93) True or false: The small intestine has 2 parts




97) True or false: The large intestine has 2 parts




101) True or False in defecation: Cerebral cotex control the internal anal sphincter
102) True or False in defecation: It is a simple spinal reflex in adult

103) True or False in defecation: It is majorly a sympathetic reflex

104) True or False in defecation: Gastrocolic reflex is usually a cause

105) True or False: Oesophagitis is a gastrointestinal tract disease

106) True or False: Tonsilitis is a gastrointestinal tract disease

107) True or False: Pancreatitis is a gastrointestinal tract disease

108) True or False: Colitis is a gastrointestinal tract disease

109) True or False: Bile salt is a constituent of bile

110) True or False: Bile acid is a constituent of bile

111) True or False: Fatty acid is a constituent of bile

112) True or False: Water i a constituent of bile

113) True or False: Mouth is a primary digestive organ

114) True or False: Pharynx is a primary digestive organ

115) True or False: Esophagus is a primary digestive organ

116) True or False: Larynx is a primary digestive organ

117) True or False: Teeth is an accessory digestive organ

118) True or False: Tongue is an accessory gestive organ

119) True or False: Salivary glands is an accessory digestive organ

120) True or False: Stomach is an accessory digestive organ

121) True or False: Mucus layer is one of the three layers of the wall of the GI tract
122) True or False: Submucosa layer is one of the layers of the wall of the GI tract
123) True or False: Muscular layer is one of the three layers of the wall of the GI tract
124) True or False: the human stomach is made up of 1 part

125) True or False: the human stomach is made up of 4 parts



128) True or False: stomach has 3 types of functions

129) True or False: stomach has 2 types of functions

130) True or False: stomach has 1 types of function
131) True or False:. stomach has 4 types of functions

132) True or false: caudal phase is one of the three phases of gastric secretion
133) True or False: Cephalic phase is one of the three phases of gastric secretion
134) True or False: Gastric phase is one of the three phases of gastric secretion
135) True or False: Intestinal phase is one of the three phases of gastric secretion
136) True or False: Pancreatic juice has 4 functions

137) True or False: Pancreatic juice has 3 functions

138) True or False:. Pancreatic juice has 2 functions

139) True or False: Pancreatic juice has 1 function

140) From outer surface inward the typical cross section of the gastrointestinal wall contain the
serosa, muscle layers, the submucosa, and the mucosa.
141) The gastrointestinal tract is not a muscular organ

142) The alimentary tract provides the body with a continual supply of water, electrolytes, and
nutrients
143) Proteins are formed from multiple amino acids that are bound together by peptide linkages
144) Digestive process is one of hydrolysis
145) Digestion of Carbohydrates begins in the Mouth and are absorbed in the Stomach
146) The stomach is a good absorptive area of the gastrointestinal tract because it contains the
typical villus type of absorptive membrane
147) There is no enzymes capable of hydrolyzing cellulose are secreted in the human digestive
tract. Consequently, cellulose cannot be considered a food for humans
148) Essentially all fat digestion occurs in the stomach by lingual lipase that is secreted by
lingual glands.
149) Proteins digestion start in the mouth by lingual Pepsin, an important peptic enzyme that is
inactivated by the acidic nature of the stomach.
150) Starches are large polysaccharides present in almost all nonanimal foods, particularly in
potatoes and the different types of grains
151) Fat digestion occurs majorly through the action of proteolytic pancreatic enzymes
152) Protein digestion occurs majorly through the action of bile salts.
153) The dietary proteins are chemically long chains of amino acids bound together by peptide
linkages
154) Carbohydrate digestion occurs majorly through the action of proteolytic pancreatic
enzymes and bile salts
155) The absorptive surface of the small intestinal mucosa by valvulae conniventes (or folds of
Kerckring), increase the surface area of the absorptive mucosa about threefold
156) Most protein digestion occurs in the duodenum and jejunum, under the influence of
proteolytic enzymes from pancreatic secretion
157) End products of fat digestion by pancreatic lipase id into free fatty acids and 2-
monoglycerides.
158) Essentially all the carbohydrates in the food are absorbed in the form of larger
carbohydrate compounds
159) By far the most abundant of the absorbed monosaccharides are galactose and fructose.
160) Virtually all the monosaccharides are absorbed by an active transport process
161) Dietary proteins, after digestion, are absorbed through the luminal membranes of the
intestinal epithelial cells in the form of dipeptides, tripeptides, and a few free amino acids
162) Fructose transport occur by the sodium co-transport mechanism.

163) The gastrointestinal tract has a nervous system all its own called the enteric nervous
system.
164) The outer myenteric plexus or Auerbachâ€™s plexus lies between the longitudinal and
circular muscle layers
165) Gastrointestinal functions are not controlled by local, nervous, or hormonal systems
166) The enteric nervous system is especially important in controlling gastrointestinal

movements and secretion
167) The pancreas and its juice are sorely importance for fat digestion and absorption
168) The accessory digestive organs include the colon, teeth, tongue, and appendix
169) The digestive system include the gastrointestinal tract and accessory digestive organs.
1) Cortisol is secreted from the Zona Glomerulus of the Adrenal Cortex.

(A) TRUE (correct option) (B) FALSE
2) Oxytocin is not secreted from the Anterior Hypophysis.

3) Diabetes Insipidus is a deficiency of Aldosterone.

(A) TRUE (B) FALSE (correct option)
4) Excess prolactin causes Early Menopause.

5) ADH is secreted by the Posterior lobe of the pituitary.

6) ADH has it greatest influence on the kidneys.

7) TSH stimulation in the thyroid causes Decreased blood flow.

8) In relation to Calcium, phosphorus Increases in serum concentration.

9) Severe hypothyroidism characterized by dry, puffy skin, somnolence, slow mentation, and
hoarseness is known as Myxedema.
10) Insulin shock is characterized by severe hypoglycemia caused by an overdose of insulin.

11) Chronic excretion of large amounts of urine of low specific gravity is indicative of diabetes
insipidus.
12) Potassium, sodium, and chloride are steroids.

13) Enlargement of the bones of the hands, feet, and face due to overproduction of growth
hormone is called acromegaly.
14) Elevated glucose levels, may be due to diabetic.

15) The adrenal gland secretes DHEA and cortisol.

16) Measurement of T3, T4 and TSH is collectively known as BMP.

17) Over activity of the thyroid gland is called hyperthyroidism.

18) Hirsutism is a complication of diabetes mellitus.

19) Gravesâ€™ disease is also known as toxic goiter.

20) The master gland of the endocrine system, located at the base of the brain, is the Apical
gland.
21) Serous glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream rather than into ducts leading
to the exterior of the body.
22) Enlargement of the thyroid gland is called thyroiditis.

23) Insulin is produced in the liver.

24) Somatotropin is secreted in the urine of pregnant women.

25) Sperm cells are produced in the Epididymis.

26) Sertoli cells lining the seminal tubules produces Androgen binding protein.
27) Sertoli cell functions to provide nutrients for differentiating sperm cells and prevents
spermatigins from escaping into blood.
28) The primary endocrine functions of leydig cells include Secreting testosterone.
29) Testicular arteries branch from abdominal aorta.

30) The testicular vein arises from Pampiniform plexus.

31) A cuff of skin covering the distal end of the penis is called bulbourethral.
32) Erections is possible through the Sympathetic nervous system.

33) Erectile tissues consists of a network of Spongy connective tissues and Smooth muscles.
34) The proximal end of the penis is surrounded by Ischio-carvernosus muscle.

35) Tunica albuginea surrounds the urethra and expands to form the glans and the bulbs of the
penis.
36) The ischio-carvernosus muscle anchors the penis to the Pubic arc.
37) Epididymis has sterocilia that helps to absorb testicular fluid and pass nutrients to sperm
cells.
38) Ductus deferens propels sperm from the epididymis to the urethra.
39) Spermatogenesis is the process whereby spermatids are transformed into mature sperm
cells.
40) Spermatogenesis occurs in three (3) phase, which include: Spermiolysis, spermiogenesis,
spermatogenesis.
41) Mitotic division of spermatogonia produces Spermatozoa.

42) Meiotic division of the spermatocyte produces Spermatogonia.

43) One full cycle of spermatogenesis requires 21 days.

44) Mitotic division of spermatogonia results in the production of Type C and D daughter cells.
45) The head of a mature sperm contains Centrioles.

46) A mature sperm is made up of head, middle piece, tail.

47) The primary location for the maturation and storage of sperm is the Epididymis.
48) Three steps for insemination include Erection, emission, ejaculation.

49) Acrosome reactions is dependent on Ca 2+ .

50) Oxytocin is secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland and stimulates contraction of
the uterus during labor.
51) Prolactin stimulates egg production in the ovaries.

52) Ovaries secrete estrogen and progesterone.

53) Adrenal gland is composed of a right and left lobe on either side of the trachea.
54) An excessive or abnormal hair growth, particularly male pattern hair growth on a woman, is
called hirsutism.
55) Growth hormone enhance insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by tissue.

56) Triiodothyronine T3 is the active form of thyroid hormone.

57) T3 is mostly produced from thyroid, and small amount from the testis, ovaries and heart.
58) Reverse T3 is a form of thyroid hormone produced in the cells.

59) Hormones travel through a dedicated pathway.

60) Thyroxine T4 is use as hormone replacement therapy.

61) Clinical signs of overdosing do not occur with T4 therapy.

62) ACTH is the primary hormone in excess in a pituitary tumour of corticotropes cells.
63) TSH is the primary hormone in excess in an adrenal tumour.

64) Catabolism + immunosuppression are the major effects of excess cortisol.

65) Hormones are used to communicate between different organisms.

66) The secretion of hormone A causes a change in the amount of protein X in an organism. An
increase in A producing an increase in X is a positive feedback mechanism.
67) The circulating level of a hormone is held constant through a series of positive feedback
loops.
68) Substance X is secreted by one cell, travels a short distance through interstitial fluid, and
produces an effect in a cell immediately adjacent to the original secreting cell. The substance X
can neurotransmitter, prostaglandin or growth factor but not pheromone.
69) Prostaglandin is a peptide hormone.

70) Target cell contains proteins enabling a hormone to selectively bind to its plasma
membrane.
71) Only certain cells in the body are target cells for the steroid hormone aldosterone. The best
explanation for why these are the only cells that respond to this hormone is that non target cells
convert aldosterone to a hormone to which they do respond.
72) Body cells respond differently to the same peptide hormones because target cells response
is determined by the product of a signal transduction pathway.
73) Hormones are secreted into the extracellular fluid and then travel through a dedicated
pathway.
74) Glands that produce hormones are ductless glands.

75) Chemical signal is movement of a signal from one end of a nerve to the other end of the
nerve.
76) Testosterone is responsible for the differentiation of Epididymis, Vas deferens and Seminal
vesicle.
77) Dihydrotestosterone is produced from the conversion of testosterone by 17-Î²-

hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.
78) The 3 major zones of the ovary are Cortex, medulla, helium.
79) Endocrine cell and oocyte are the functional unit of the ovaries.
80) Graffian follicle release oocyte at appropriate time, prepare virgina and fallopian tubes to aid
fertilization and providing nutrient for developing oocyte.
81) During pregnancy, luteinizing hormone plays the function of Maintenance of the
endometrium.
82) Implantation occurs approximately 3 days after ovulation.

83) Trophoblast forms and attach to endometrium approximately 30 days after ovulation.
84) HCG rescues the corpus luteum approximately 10 days after ovulation.
85) Trophoblast begin to secrete HCG at approximately 30 days after ovulation.

86) Fertilization occurs at approximately 1 to 2 days after ovulation.

87) Fertilization occurs at the fibrae of the uterine tube.

88) Highest progesterone output by the corpus luteum occurs during implantation.
89) The fertilized ovum arrives the endometrium as a Corpus luteum.

90) Hormone X produces its effect in its target cells via the cAMP second messenger system. a
molecule of hormone X applied to the extracellular fluid surrounding the cell will produce the
greatest effect in the cell.
(A) True (correct option) (B) FALSE
91) hormones affect the synthesis of proteins to be exported from the cell, whereas peptide
hormones affect the synthesis of proteins that remain in the cell.
92) The hormone travels in the bloodstream to target cells.
93) Homeostasis promotion or maintenance is when a hormone is involved in a positive

feedback loop.
94) When an individual is subject to short-term starvation, most available food is used to provide
energy (metabolism) rather than building blocks (growth and repair). Glucagon will be
particularly active in times of food shortage.
95) The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary by means of third messengers.
96) The endocrine system and the nervous system are structurally related. This is best
illustrates by a neurosecretory cell in the hypothalamus.
97) Oxytocin and ADH are produced by the anterior pituitary and stored in the kidney.
98) Short blood vessels connect two capillary beds lying in the hypothalamus and anterior
pituitary gland.
99) ADH can help prevent water retention through interaction with target cells in the posterior
pituitary.
100) The hypothalamus is an endocrine gland, a part of the central nervous system and it is
compose of neurosecretory cell which terminate in the posterior pituitary.
101) The end products of monosaccharide include glucose, galactose and fructose.
102) Lactose is converted by lactase to glucose and fructose.

103) Most protein digestion results from the action of pancreatic proteolytic enzyme.
104) Amino acids represent more their 99% of protein digestive products.
105) The pancreatic proteolytic enzyme include Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, Carboxypolypeptidase

and Elastase.
106) Triglycerides are broken down by galactase.

107) The three mechanisms involved in absorption are active transport, diffusion and solvent
drag.
108) The total surface area of the small intestinal mucosa is about the area of a tennis court.
109) Fatty acid, Monoglycerides and bile salts form the complex micelles.
110) In steatorrhea fat absorption is impaired.

111) Pancreatic alpha amylase = starch; is incorrectly paired.

112) Erythropeptidase = polypeptides; is incorrectly paired.

113) Renin = coagulated milk is correctly paired.

114) Cholecystokinin, gastrin and secretin are GIT hormones.

115) Iron is absorbed in the duodenum.

116) In infants, defecation often follows a meal. The cause of colonic contractions in this
situation is Gastrocolic reflex.
117) Pancreatic juice has the highest ph than gastric juice, bile and secretions of intestinal
glands.
118) Man is unable to digest cellulose.
119) Steatorrhoea is caused by hemolytic jaundice.

120) Normal swallowing is dependent on the integrity of the 9th and 10th cranial nerves.
121) Secretion of intrinsic factor occurs in parietal cells of stomach.

122) Absorption of water greatest in the colon than the duodenum.

123) Secretion of intrinsic factor occurs in chief cells of stomach.

124) Absorption of water greatest in the jejunum that the duodenum.

125) Absorption of water greatest in the duodenum than the jejunum.

126) Secretin is released by acid in duodenum.

127) Weight gain will not be produced by total pancreatectomy.

128) Vitamin D is essential for normal Ca absorption.

129) Gastrin secretion is increased by distension of stomach.

130) Saliva helps in deglutition.

131) Saliva is essential for complete digestion of starch.

132) Saliva prevents dental caries.

133) Saliva prevents decalcification of the teeth.

134) Gastrin stimulates insulin secretion after protein meal.

135) Volume of Saliva secreted daily is 500ml.

136) This pairing is true; parietal cells â€“ secretes, HCl and intrinsic factor.
137) This pairing is true; Mucous cells - secretes bicarbonate.

138) This pairing is true; Chief cells - secretes pepsinogen.

139) pH of duodenum is 1-2.

140) Volume of pancreatic juice produced daily is 500 ml.

141) Amount of intestinal secretion daily is 500ml.

142) 90% water of colonic content is reabsorbed in the large bowel.

143) Sodium is actively reabsorbed in colon.

144) Longest intestinal transit time occurs in the ascending colon.

145) Peristalsis is a gravity dependent process.

146) Goblet cells- secret Mucus for lubrication protection of the Intestinal mucosa.
147) Sucrose is converted by sucrase to fructose and fructose.
148) Pancreatic Secretion function in Digestion and acid neutralization.

149) Intestinal digestive juice are secreted by the crypts of luberkuhn.

150) Protein digestion begin in the colon.

151) Glomerular filtration rate would be increased by constriction of the afferent arteriole.
152) Glomerular filtration rate would be increased by a decrease in renal blood flow.
153) Glomerular filtration rate would be increased by compression of the renal capsule.
154) Glomerular filtration rate would be increased by a decrease in the concentration of plasma
protein.
155) Glomerular filtration rate would be increased by a decrease in afferent arteriolar pressure.
156) The glomerular filtration rate will increase if circulating blood volume increase.
157) The nurse determines that a patient with acute renal failure is in the recovery phase when
the patient experiences decreasing sodium and potassium levels.
158) The nurse determines that a patient with acute renal failure is in the recovery phase when
the patient experiences decreasing BUN and creatinine levels.
159) The kidneys function in the excretion of metabolic waste products and foreign chemicals.
160) The kidneys function in the regulation of arterial pressure and acid-base balance.
161) The kidneys have no business in the regulation of body fluid osmolality and electrolyte
concentrations.
162) The kidneys have no business in the regulation of water and electrolyte balances.
163) The kidneys function in the secretion, metabolism, and excretion of hormones.
164) The two kidneys lie on the anterior wall of the abdomen, inside the peritoneal cavity.
165) The two kidneys lie on the anterior wall of the abdomen, inside the peritoneal cavity.
166) If the kidney is bisected from top to bottom, the two major regions that can be visualized
are the outer medulla and the inner region referred to as the cortex.
167) Each kidney in the human contains about 1 million nephrons, each capable of forming
urine and the kidney can regenerate new nephrons.
168) Each nephron contains the glomerulis and a long tubule that leads its way to the pelvis of
the kidney.
169) Fluid filtered from the glomerular capillaries flows into Bowmanâ€™s capsule and then into
the proximal tubule, which lies in the cortex of the kidney.
170) From the proximal tubule, fluid flows into the loop of Henle, which dips into the renal
medulla.
171) From outer surface inward the typical cross section of the gastrointestinal wall contain the
serosa, muscle layers, the submucosa, and the mucosa.
172) The gastrointestinal tract is not a muscular organ.

173) The alimentary tract provides the body with a continual supply of water, electrolytes, and
nutrients.
174) Proteins are formed from multiple amino acids that are bound together by peptide linkages.
175) Digestive process is one of hydrolysis.

176) Digestion of Carbohydrates begins in the Mouth and are absorbed in the Stomach.
177) The stomach is a good absorptive area of the gastrointestinal tract because it contains the
typical villus type of absorptive membrane.
178) There is no enzymes capable of hydrolyzing cellulose are secreted in the human digestive
tract. Consequently, cellulose cannot be considered a food for humans.
179) Essentially all fat digestion occurs in the stomach by lingual lipase that is secreted by
lingual glands.
180) Proteins digestion start in the mouth by lingual Pepsin, an important peptic enzyme that is
inactivated by the acidic nature of the stomach.
181) Starches are large polysaccharides present in almost all nonanimal foods, particularly in
potatoes and the different types of grains.
182) Fat digestion occurs majorly through the action of proteolytic pancreatic enzymes..
183) Protein digestion occurs majorly through the action of bile salts.
184) The dietary proteins are chemically long chains of amino acids bound together by peptide
linkages.
185) Carbohydrate digestion occurs majorly through the action of proteolytic pancreatic
enzymes and bile salts.
186) The absorptive surface of the small intestinal mucosa by valvulae conniventes (or folds of
Kerckring), increase the surface area of the absorptive mucosa about threefold.
187) Most protein digestion occurs in the duodenum and jejunum, under the influence of
proteolytic enzymes from pancreatic secretion.
188) End products of fat digestion by pancreatic lipase id into free fatty acids and 2-
monoglycerides.
189) Essentially all the carbohydrates in the food are absorbed in the form of larger
carbohydrate compounds.
190) By far the most abundant of the absorbed monosaccharides are galactose and fructose.
191) Virtually all the monosaccharides are absorbed by an active transport process.
192) Dietary proteins, after digestion, are absorbed through the luminal membranes of the
intestinal epithelial cells in the form of dipeptides, tripeptides, and a few free amino acids.
193) Fructose transport occur by the sodium co-transport mechanism.

194) The gastrointestinal tract has a nervous system all its own called the enteric nervous
system.
195) The outer myenteric plexus or Auerbachâ€™s plexus lies between the longitudinal and
circular muscle layers.
196) Gastrointestinal functions are not controlled by local, nervous, or hormonal systems.
197) The enteric nervous system is especially important in controlling gastrointestinal
movements and secretion.
198) The pancreas and its juice are sorely importance for fat digestion and absorption.
199) The accessory digestive organs include the colon, teeth, tongue, and appendix.
200) The digestive system include the gastrointestinal tract and accessory digestive organs.

PHS 220

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PHS 220

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1) Digestion is defined as the process by which food is broken down into simple

substances ,absorb and used as nutrients by the body

2) Digestive system is made up of gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and accessory

3) The GI Mucosa has two layer of structures

4) The GI tract is formed by three layers

5) Smooth muscle fibers in stomach are arranged in three layers

6) GI tract has two types of nerve supply

7) There are 2 major salivary glands

9) Maltase is present in human saliva and it converts maltose into glucose.

10) Salivary secretion is regulated by nervous mechanism through reflex action

11) In humans, stomach has five parts

12) The volume of empty stomach is 100 mL

18) There are 8 function of the small intestine

19) There are 4 functions of the stomach

20) Enzyme pepsin is predominantly found in the mouth

21) Ceacum is not an accessory part of the gut

22) Pancreas is not an accessory part of the gut

23) Liver is not an accessory part of the gut

24) Gall bladder is not an accessory part of the gut

25) The additional muscle in the stomach is called Linear muscle

26) The additional muscle in the stomach is called Oblique muscle

27) The additional muscle in the stomach is called Longitudinal muscle

28) The additional muscle in the stomach is called Circular muscle

29) Endocrine function is not a function of the GIT

31) Protection is not a function of the GIT

32) Secretion is not a function of the

33) Pharynx is part of the GIT

34) Larynx is part of the GIT

35) Vomiting centre is part of the GIT

36) Liver is part of the GIT

37) Salivase is an Enzyme present in saliva

38) Lipase is an Enzyme present in saliva

39) Î²-amylase is an Enzyme present in saliva

40) Peptidase is an Enzyme present in saliva

57) True or False: Mesentery is part of the mucosa of the gut

65) True or False: The optimal pH of Pepsin is pH 2

67) True or False: The optimal pH of Pepsin is pH 6

68) True or False: The optimal pH of Pepsin is pH 8

69) True or False Vitamin A is fat soluble

70) True or False Vitamin B is fat soluble

71) True or False Vitamin C is fat soluble

72) True or False Vitamin B6 is fat soluble

73) True or False: Ulcerative colitis affect the large intestine

74) True or False: Chron's disease affect the large intestine

75) True or False: Diarrhea affect the large intestine

76) True or False: Gastritis affect the large intestine

77) True or False: Fatty acids are fat soluble

78) Vitamin D fat soluble

79) Vitamin C fat soluble

80) Vitamin K fat soluble

81) True or False: Buccal gland is not present in the mouth

82) True or False: Epiglottis is not present in the mouth

83) True or False: Soft palate is not present in the mouth

84) True or False: Hard palate is not present in the mouth

85) True or False: the oesophagus measures 45cm on the average

87) True or False: the oesophagus secretes some enzymes

88) True or False: the oesophagus is a flexible tube

91) True or false: Pepsin is not a secretion of the small intestine

92) True or false: Mucus is not a secretion of the small intestine

93) True or false: The small intestine has 2 parts

94) True or false: The small intestine has 3 parts

95) True or false: The small intestine has 4 parts

96) True or false: The small intestine has 5 parts

97) True or false: The large intestine has 2 parts