Circuits

Aim

• To takeo and follow procedures that conform to the aerodrome tra c circuit,
avoiding con ict with other aircraft.

• To carry out and approach and landing on the runway in use.

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Airmanship

• Maintain a good lookout and be aware of tra c in the circuit pattern.

• Be decisive when deciding to execute a missed approach.

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 Coastline

The circuit

LIVE side V
29

11
V

Dead side
Takeoff
• Hold brakes and apply full power smoothly.
• Release brakes and allow aircraft to accelerate.
• Ailerons should be level or as required.
• Keep aircraft on centre line using rudder.
• Check to see if Airspeed is live, RPM is holding and T&Ps are green.
• Once at 55kts, apply back pressure until nose is pitched up and aircraft is
climbing.
Upwind
• Keep aircraft straight on heading 290.
• 200 feet checks - Airspeed 70kts and retract aps from 25-10.
• 300 feet checks - Airspeed 75kts, positive RoC, retract aps 10-0, landing
light o .

• 500 feet checks - R-C-L and start a climbing turn to the left

500FT, 75kts, RCL

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Crosswind

• Turn onto a heading perpendicular to the runway (200 on DI).

• Continue straight climb while maintaining 75kts. Allow for wind correction.
• Once at 800ft, R-C-L and start climbing turn left to until ying parallel to the
runway.

Wind

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Downwind Mix- Rich
Throttle - Friction Set
T&Ps - Green
Fuel Pump - On
Magnetos - Both
Pwr - 1800RPM
DI - sync
Flaps - 10
Turn when Harness/Hatch - Secure 1000FT
threshold is A/S - 75kts
ASPT
approx at your 8 Trim
Fuel Pump O
o'clock position 800FT R-C-L

R/T
KTK Twr
4R-MD*
FULL
WING
Late D/W Rwy 29 for T&G/Ldg
LENGTH
(1NM)
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Base
• Turn onto a heading perpendicular to the runway (020 on DI).
• Use the runway to judge your height. Half the grass patch ahead of the
runway should be visible. Lower 25 aps if at suitable height.

• Switch on landing lights.

• Trim and maintain 70kts.
• With reference to runway start a descending turn to nal.

Flaps - 25
ldg lights - on
A/S - 70kts
Trim

600-700ft
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29
Final 1/3

• Aligned with runway centreline

• Flaps as required, maintain 70kts and keep aircraft trimmed.
• Pitch for speed and adjust power for approach.
• Runway numbers are the aiming point and should remain xed relative to
windscreen. Approx 1/3 the windscreen from the dashboard.

• You want to y a stabilised approach.

• R/T reporting nal for T&G/landing
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 Pitch - Power Technique

• In nal, pitch controls airspeed and power controls approach.

• If overshooting (Runway moving down windscreen), reduce power and pitch
nose down and/or increase aps.

• If undershooting (runway moving up windscreen), increase power and pitch

nose up.
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 Landing
Once over threshold and close to runway:

1. Idle power

2. Round - out by applying back pressure to break RoD and get the aircraft to
y parallel to runway

3. Look at the end of the runway and y parallel to runway.

4. Once you observe a sink, apply back pressure to stop the sink

5. Continuously check the sink with back pressure until the aircraft can no
longer produce lift and touches down.
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Touch and Go

• Once on touched down, maintain centreline with rudders.

• Set appropriate aps for take-o .
• Add full power smoothly while maintain centreline.
• Proceed with a normal take-o .
• If you have landed long and there is insu cient runway remaining, do not
apply full power, brake and remain on ground.
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Missed approach (Go-around)
PAT

If you have any doubt, Go-around!!! This can be done at any stage.

• Power - smoothly apply full power (watch for pitch up and yaw tendency).
• Attitude - Adjust nose to a S&L attitude till at a safe climb speed and then set
climb attitude. (Retract aps in stages until 10 setting).

• Trim - Retract last stage of aps after positive ROC and then trim down to
maintain climb attitude.
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Ballon
Common Faults

A balloon happens when the aircraft climbs away from the runway just before
touchdown.

To correct:

• Relax back pressure and allow aircraft to sink back to runway

• Once close to runway start aring once again and complete a normal landing.

If ballooned too high and insu cient runway remains, go-around.

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Bounce
Common Faults

After a bounce you should initiate a missed approach.

If the bounce is minor and su cient runway is remaining you can recover by:

• Relaxing back pressure and adding some power to reposition the aircraft into
a landing position and recommence landing.

• Do not push the nose down to force a landing. This can lead to another
bounce.
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Rounding-out too high
Common Faults

• Rounding out too high will lead to heavy touch down which could also lead to
a bounce.

• If you recognise this, before touchdown, add power to break the RoD and
allow a less heavy touchdown.
Completion standards

• Altitude deviations: +/-100 ft

• Airspeed deviations: +/-10kts
• Bank angle: +/- 5°
• HDG: +/- 10°