BACHELOR OF MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES WITH HONOURS

SEMESTER JUNE 2023

NBHS1602

BIOSTATISTICS

MATRICULATION NO : 961030235138001
IDENTITY CARD NO. : 961030-23-5138
TELEPHONE NO. : 016-4209706
E-MAIL : 961030235138@oum.edu.my

LEARNING CENTRE : IPOH LEARNING CENTRE

1(a).
Step 1:

Assuming a population mean, μ = 98.5°F, and a standard deviation, σ = 0.75°F.

 X is the value we’re interested in(100°F in this case)

 Μ is the population mean (98.5°F)
 σ is the standard deviation (0.75°F)

So, for this problem:

Z = (100.0-98.5)
0.75
=2.0
Hence, Z score is 2.0
Step 2 :

Based on normal distribution table, the Z-score of 2.0 corresponds to a cumulative probability
of approximately 0.9772.

Step 3 :
The complement of the probability of selecting a temperature more than 100.0°F is

Pr(X> 100.0°F)=1-Pr(X≤100.0°F)

= 1-0.9772
= 0.0228

In percentage
= 0.0228 x 100%
= 2.28%

The probability of randomly selecting temperature that is more than 100.0°F is approximately
0.0228 or 2.28%.

1(b)

To conduct hypothesis test

Step 1 : Formulate the hypothesis

Null hypothesis (H0) : The population mean is equal to the claimed value.
Alternative hypothesis (H1) : The population mean is not equal to the claimed value.

H0: μ = 67
H1: μ ≠67

Step 2: Choose the Significant Level

The significance level alpha is given as 0.05, which corresponds to a 5% significant level.

Step 3: Collect Sample Data

Sample Size (n) = 100

Sample Mean (x) = 64
Sample Standard Deviation(s) = 3

Step 4: Calculate the Test Statistics

The test statistics for a hypothesis test about the population mean when population standard
deviation is unknown is calculated using the t-distribution:
Where:
 X is the sample mean
 Μ is the claimed population mean
 S is the sample standard deviation
 N is the sample size

Plugging in the values:

T= (64-67)
(3/√100)
T= -3
0.3
T= -10

Step 5: Determine the Critical Value

Since we have a two-tailed test (u≠67), we need to find the critical t-values for a 5%
significance level with degrees of freedom (df) equal to n - 1 = 100 - 1 = 99.
Using at- distribution table or calculator, the critical t-values for a 5% significance level are
approximately 1.984.

Step 6: Make a Decision

If the absolute value of the calculated t-test statistic is greater than the critical t-value, we
reject the null hypothesis. Otherwise, we fall to reject the null hypothesis.
|t| = 10 > 1.984
We reject the null hypothesis.

Step 7: Draw a Conclusion

|t| = 10 > 1.984

We reject the null hypothesls.

Since we reject the null hypothesis, we have enough evidence to conclude that the
population mean is not equal to 67.

Based on the sample data and using a significance level of 5%, we reject the
claim that the population mean Is 67 and conclude that there is evidence that the population
mean is different from 67.
Question 2

(a)
Researcher's investigation results in this hypothesis statements:

The null hypothesis usually takes a specific value, while the alternative hypothesis takes a
value in an interval which is complement to the specified value under h0.

 Null Hypothesis (H0): The proportion of obese individuals among those without
diabetes is 35% or less.

 Alternative Hypothesis (H1): The proportion of obese individuals among those

without diabetes exceeds 35%.
(b)

Step 1:
To perform the hypothesis test and determine what the researcher can conclude at a
significance level of α = 0.05.

- Sample size (n) = 1000

- Number of obese individuals (x) = 360
- Significance level (α) = 0.05

Step 2:

Hypothesis
- Null Hypothesis (H0): The proportion of obese individuals among those without diabetes is
35% or less. (p ≤ 0.35)
- Alternative Hypothesis (H1): The proportion of obese individuals among those without
diabetes exceeds 35%. (p > 0.35)

To perform the hypothesis test, we will use a one-sample z-test for proportions. The formula
for the z-test statistic for proportions is:

z = (p̂ - p0)
√(p0 (1 - p0) / n)

Where:
- p̂ is the sample proportion of obese individuals (360/1000 = 0.36)
- p0 is the hypothesized proportion (0.35)
- n is the sample size (1000)

Calculating the z-test statistic:

Z = (0.36 - 0.35)
√(0.35x 0.65 / 1000)

= 0.01
√0.000275
=0.6623

At a significance level of α = 0.05, the critical z-value for a one-tailed test is approximately
0.6623.

Step 3:

Since the calculated z-value (0.01) is much larger than the critical z-value (0.662),we fail to
reject the hypothesis. Based on the sample data, at a significance level of α = 0.05, we can
conclude that there is strong evidence to suggest that the proportion of obese individuals
among those without diabetes exceeds 35%.