C12U01P01 — Rev. June, 2018 Name: Wa ‘ eave. Date: Qoaa~06-\0_ raed opa-06 - IH There are many fun and interesting chemical reactions that entertain while teaching us something. Some give us the flashes and bangs of fireworks, others produce fun visuals like “elephant toothpaste”, and others might help produce a billowing cloud to help a magician distract you. One very interesting and unique class of chemical reactions is the chemical clock reaction. A Chemical clock reaction usually involves mixing solutions together with no noticeable change. After a period of time (usually a few seconds) the reaction suddenly changes colour dramatically. This is described as a clock mechanism. The time between mixing the chemicals and sceing the colour change is known as the induction period. Sometimes additional reactants can be added to cause the reaction to oscillate (go coloured, go back, go coloured, go back). Let’s explore the well known Iodine Clock Reaction. Page 1 of 11 Scanned with CamScannerUNIT 01: Reacyion Rates BCLN CHEMISTRY 12 - Rev. July, 2015 Instructions Using a pencil, answer the following questions. The lab is marked based on clarity of responses, ‘completeness, neatness, and accuracy. Do your best! Please ensure that any data measured (or record4 includes the appropriate number of significant digits (only one uncertain digit). This activity is divided into three sections: ‘+ Core — this first section explores only the basic “core” ideas involved in understanding. ‘Students must demonstrate a sound understand with all of their answers in this section BEFORE attempting the next section. + Mastery ~ Your instructor will NOT review this section if the Core section above shows any misconceptions. In this section students will make predictions and apply the concepts and ideas learned above. For complete mastery it is expected that data collection and scientific Procedures will be as accurate as possible. All work shown should be clear with any units included. Answers should be rounded off to the correct number of significant figures based on the data collected, * Ace — Once again, your instructor will only look at this section provided he/she is confident that the above Mastery criteria has been met. In this section students will demonstrate a deeper understanding of the concepts through error analysis, experimental design etc. Physics concepts from other units already covered will often be required here. This Project will be graded according to this Marking Rubric (link). Part 1: The Core: As with any true chemist, you want to see the wonders of a chemical reaction and ponder how it works. You know the first step is to study the chemical reaction taking place. For most chemical clock reactions, they are a multistep mechanism where you put a number of reactants together and each step is a reaction that leads to the next step. As an example or general model, lets think hypothetically about mixing 4 reactants together. Let's call them Ri, Ro, Rs and Ra. For this mechanism, we put all the chemicals together and the first two Teactants to react are Ri and Re to make the first product (P1). Sometimes this is completed in one reaction, sometimes in a few steps, particularly if more than one product is needed to react together. (Reaction A) Rit Ry > Py The first product, Pi, reacts with the third reactant, Rs, to produce the second product (P2). Basically Product 1 at this point is like a reaction intermediate and is used up in reaction B. (Reaction B) Pit Ry > Pp So far, this is nothing too surprising for what we have covered. However, lets consider a situation where the concentrations of the first 2 reactants (Ri and R.) are much higher than that of Reactant 3 (Rs) and that this reaction continues until Reactant 3 (Rs) is used up and no longer in the reaction system. This means that the product from reaction A (P1) is no longer being used up in Reaction B. ‘When the concentration of product 1 (P:) builds up a large enough concentration in the system, it can then react with reactant 4 (R,) and produces a coloured product (CP) (Reaction C) Ppt Ry > CP Page 2 of 11 Scanned with CamScannerUNIT 01: Reaction Rates BCLN CHEMISTRY 12 - Rev. July, 2015 As you can guess, it may take a bit of time for Reaction A and Reaction B to use up Reactant 3. Now, lets look specifically at our Iodine clock reaction. In our case there are 2 reactions making up our “reaction A” (one produces I", the other produces Iz). Both of these reactions are listed in the video. A third reaction behaves like Reaction B in our example above and uses up the newly made I. If Iz is allowed to remain, then it can react with I! present in the solution to make Is" (tri-iodate) in water. ht rt > it ‘This product will react with starch to make a complex that has a deep, rich blue colour. Fortunately for us, this is VERY easy to spot when it occurs. Now, let’s begin by watching this video: Jodine Clock Reaction. Mm mm/watch?v=aSi ‘You will see two different reactions. A slow reaction in which Iodide ions are produced and a fast reaction in which in which the iodide ions are used up. These two reactions combine to give the overall reaction. 1. Write the reaction equation for the first reaction you see in the video. It will appear above the presenters head at the 44s mark of the video. Be aware there are some errors in terms of placement of the charge. Do your best to correct these errors when you write the equation. For example the last ion should be H* not H+. 10;*34S0, >1* asa s3H" 2. Write the reaction equation for the second reaction. It will appear at the 53s mark of the video. Loy ST + OH? > 3T gt 3,0 Page 3 of 11 Scanned with CamScannerUNIT 01: Reaction Rates BCLN CHEMISTRY 12 - Rev. July, 2015 ‘These two reactions make up our specific version of reaction A from the general example above. Remember from above, we need the I2 to be able to react with I" in water to make tri-iodide ion (Is") to react with the starch to make the coloured complex...seems like we have it made! However, we have an additional reaction that complicates things: I, + HSO3'+ H,0 > 21-1 + so;? + 3Ht 3. Which of my original reactants is causing an issue with the reaction continuing forward to making the coloured product? Explain your answer. TS becavse WSO wi Gort teactiin with Todine dictomie bvt cankot Row Teidside becene neds balowed equi brican: - 4. Describe what you observe when solution A (0.010M KIOs) is mixed with solution B (NaHSO3 made from starch and H2SO4). This occurs at the 1:30 mark of the video. As you describe what happens, also explain what has changed in the reaction? When the kDO, and Ne tlB0, aie mide fogeller tle S0tvsion changes 14S Colour Gan dear 4 blacks “The followirg (eacksn takes place during tle pracess- KT0, + 130, pied MEEK 90q AS on edtinatan the product prohecd Could ve Triodiae. 5. odine (Iz) in water will combine with iodide ions (1") to make tri-iodide ion (Is) . This tri-iodide ion fits inside the coiled starch molecule making a complex and causes a blue-black colour. Write ‘out a general word equation showing this. ratt aie Tei Dobide iont Stach mikevte reals te forma - Starch thgdie CortPley. 0 ok ou HO. Ho ' ROD Q 4 Uo OH n Page 4 of 11 Scanned with CamScannerUNIT 01: Reaction Rates BCLN CHEMISTRY 12 - Rev. July, 2015 Now that we have established the basics of what is going on, lets look at other factors that can affect this reaction (and help give it that “clock” title). In the video, we looked at one factor that can control the rate of reaction. ..the concentration of KIO3 is changes in each attempt. 6. Fill in the table at the top of the page. The first 3 rows can be found at the 4:06 mark of the video. The concentration of KIO; can be calculated using a dilution calculation where the old [KIO] is always 0.010 M and the new volume is always 10 mL. The old volume will be the value from the top row of the table. ‘ Old Volume [Kl03]ew = [KlOs]ou * yey volume In this project we will be using inverse time as our rate. To calculate inverse time you simply do 1/time. Example: 1 Rate = = 0.067s time 15.0. Table 1: Fill in these results by watching the video and doing the calculations shown on the previous page Volume of KIO; (mL) 10.0 9.0 10 5.0 3.0 ‘Volume of water (mL) 0.0 1.0 3.0 5.0 70 Time for reaction (in seconds) | 15.0 170 21.0 29.0 45.0 oloM , Concentration of kos MO" o.0aowA] 0.007% 10, 05™ | 0.0034 067% 1Q.08% 67 0.048. 9.0346-] 0,038 ¢- Rate {use inverse time (s")] Page 5 of 11 Scanned with CamScannerUNIT 01: Reaction Rates BCLN CHEMISTRY 12 - Rev. July, 2015 Concentration Graph. Plot a graph of your results. Reaction Rate on the vertical axis and Concentration KIO3 on the horizontal axis. This is best done in a program such as Microsoft Excel (feel free to remove this grid) but can also be done on this basic graph or on graph paper by hand. x 9.070 0. 9.08 otf 9. Ae 0-085) 0.089) Recctian Rede (5%) oom 0.04 0.087 4 ae oe D gio or00d 903 oot — 7.905 Qv996 Quo97 908 gq 9401 x Conceaticdion o¢ k}04(m) 126.974 x 40,0087 Rar 0.4083 a Page 6 of 11 Scanned with CamScannerUNIT O1: Reaction Rates BCLN CHEMISTRY 12 - Rev. July, 2015 Concentration Questions: 1, Describe the general shape of your graph. A Traight inclineh tine with (0sAive Slope. 2. What is the rate of the reaction when the concentration is zero? Explain why this is. . Thete's ng fate Of feactan lcceuse OF Abe lack of a eactent tn ardor 4p produce % Plcdicd- Heoniny HN the ieaetiun needs mgie of Ake KIO, 3. Using collision theory, explain why increasing the concentration will increase the reaction rate. By Meeting thy Ciieertintion ultle Keepiss, Ihe Some cveq for tle teactents To callde. tly, will bé Much mere eecivg. collisions. 4, What is the formula to describe this graph. Fatma = yin te. p Mage oud ~ 0.08 Gent totes 6:5 a equations tates 65 x (K304) + 0,004 Konjcoeey 05 Part 2: Mastery 1. In your course content, you have looked at reactions mechanisms, You were given a general mechanism for the chemical clock reaction at the beginning of this project. There were a number of reactants and that one of the reactants'must run out befor re we can get to the coloured product, In question 3 (from The Core above), you predicted which of the reactants needed to run out for the reaction to proceed. What can you predict about the reaction with reactant 3 vs reactant 4? (Hint: why do we need to wait for Reactant 3 to run out?) Wart Ror teackent 3 Ao woke sure, that ve hove entyeh, Readark ty Ohewise Reactaats 4 and Y will Reduce, 2 mechs 49 tun orf ict Gp Het iA con sucesSl 4. 2. Look at the rate vs concentration graph and/or your ‘equation for the graph, Predict the reaction rate if you used 1.0mL of KIOs and 9.0mL of water. Explain how you came to your answer. (305) yy = 9001S = Oo00lem : : ; ola Graphical eqns rate <615x oronn + gel 5 01 8 of Probvet | to cad with, ca undeivabe predet. React feat wikh En Bracter 4 oa) product Scanned with CamScannerUNIT O1: Reaction Rates BCLN CHEMISTRY 12 - Rev. July, 2015 3. Look at the rate vs concentration graph and/or your equation for the graph. Predict the concentration of KIOs needed for a rate of 0.010s". Explain how you came to your answer. COnerftation of KIOs io lefucen 0.901 te i99a- Line parauel to y-axis thea the point Cut OM xa y 19 dhe carcenfertion Of KTO3+ 20 crncenteation OE KT09 =O rdolSm when lke rele vo O-O05', Temperature Data and Observation. 1. The experiment was repeated with a wrinkle. Rather than changing the concentration, the temperature was changed instead. Complete the table below. Table 2: Fill in these results by calculating the rate the same way you did the rate for the concentration ‘section Temperature (°C) 5.0 150 25.0 35.0 Time for reaction 1s 58 29 15 0.0037s- |Q,o175- |0.0345- 010675- Rate [use inverse time (s")] Page 8 of 11 Scanned with CamScannerUNIT 01; Reaction Rates BCLN CHEMISTRY 12 - Rev. July, 2015 Temperature Grap! Plot a graph of your results. Reaction Rate on the vertical axis and Temperature on the horizontal axis. This is best done in a program such as Microsoft Excel but can also be done on graph paper by hand. 1 Oo 35 7 SS Woes a ay Bea 45 Ferpcradere (°c) Page 9 of 11 Scanned with CamScannerUNIT 01: Reaction Rates BCLN CHEMISTRY 12 - Rev. July, 2015 Temperature Questions: 1. Describe the general shape of your graph. Is ita straight line or a curve? TAS on a gastive curve Slope. 2. By what factor does the rate increase each time the temperature goes up 10°C? Ax every WO depres 3. Using collision theory, explain why increasing the temperature will increase the reaction rate. Tren ond M9 The Sempetalure will incende tcaction tale because 1% beers MOTE achive Wweweasing ake effective coMisians of \mdeculeS: becouse They Speed vp oF well 4. Why would changing the surface area of reactants have no effect on rate for this reacion? The (cacton mud bein cx tinuih of gh slaty Cor ure ged om extect, Part 3: Ace There are a number of ways we can manipulate this clock reaction to change the time involved for the colour change to occur. If you have looked at this project after Unit 1 (Reaction Kinetics) AND Unit 2 (Dynamic Equilibrium), look at the steps of the chemical reaction and make some predictions on how to influence this reaction: 1. Looking at the reactions involved, rank them for which you think are fast and which you think are slow reactions, Explain your reasoning. Why is this important? Mbe Rist feactin io Stewy bet sthe secrnd Step! ib fhe Atswept : Ta Feacln X prduck “9 gpfeors Due dv thidsemligny OF products ore yuch vatit thon entto py OF Teecdanly «Therefore Chenge in eabiody ib Wehly positing, Thi reaction % will bz faster: Page 10 of 11 Scanned with CamScannerUNIT 01: Reaction Rates 2 . Go to the internet and research Briggs BCLN CHEMISTRY 12 - Rev. July, 2015 iki ic equilibrium, what could you change to speed up or slow down the reaction? Thinking dynamic equilibrium, wi yi Sidi (concentration of KIO; and temperature have already been done). Explain the trend you would expect with each change supporting it with theory covered in your content and research. TD would dhanye the tompccatute 0 decd up the leachan or Vietcebe the cancentta¥iin thal world specs vy Ye feactian also lowering #we temperate od Uarcen tration World Slay doun the Yer clin » s-Rauscher Oscillating reactions (an extension of the clock reaction or oscillating chemical reactions). An example can be viewed here: https:// m/watch?v=WpBwISn1X] One explanation is found at: hutps.//www.thoughtco.com/briggs-rauscher-oscillating-color-change-reaction-60205° In these reactions the mechanism for the colour change is similar but there are competing reactions that allow the colour to switch back. Eventually the colour remains at the deep blue. Provide an explanation in your own words, thinking of the content you have from Unit 1 and Unit 2 to explain how this could occur. Suggestions: Think of simultaneous reactions Think of reaction rates. Think of reactant and products. TL pecdicd the calur veers chonging Because Of candhan\ FAKING cad having o magnetic Midise moles th, Slut che, aly celts. Teackan belwcen | DIAG colaul psddble AY94 0% Yor tnetease the demperetve Hine Shr feactim alS0 increases, Page 11 of 11 Scanned with CamScanner