a CH11U04P02 - Rev. Jul, 2018 Wein Inquiry Question When we witness a chemical reaction, how do we know what the product will be? How certain and confident are we with our results? Name: _Ditgo Mednick = _ Date: 20A\-0S-0% {Image in public domain. ‘You may have done a science experiment or two in your life time, and you might remember combining two or more substances to make something new. Usually we are told what the new thing is that we made, but as you learn more about the concepts of chemistry, you will find that analytical approaches ‘and data collection can help us predict and/or determine what we are actually creating (with certainty), In this activity you will analyze some data from an experiment where magnesium was heated to oxidize the metal. You will determine whether the actual compound that was created is in fact what we ‘expected — magnesium oxide. Through analytical exploration and calculations, we'll see how closer we are to the theoretical amount. Page 1of 6 Scanned with CamScannerNey +293) 100 = 60-3) % CH11U04P02 — Rev. Jul, 2018 WeLNceat Instructions ‘The goal for this project is to get more practice at determining percent composition, empirical formulas and percentage errors. You will be provided data from a real experiment and asked to analyze the data and answer questions. 4. You will start by doing a pre-lab activity to determine your percent composition for percent error calculations later. 2. Next you will review an experiential procedure for an endothermic reaction with magnesium ‘metal (NOTE: you won't actually do the lab, you have some data to work with though). 3. After you have calculated the missing values from the data, you will find the ‘Experimental Percent Composition’ and use it fo find the Empirical Formuia of the product. You will use the experimental value and compare it to your pre-lab calculations to determine the percent error. This Project will be graded according to the marking rubric. Pre-Lab Activity: Use your periodic table to calculate the accepted values for the percent composition of oxygen and magnesium in magnesium oxide (MgO). You will need these values later to calculate the percentage error in the lab. ‘Magnesium Molar Mass: ‘Oxygen Molar Mass: 8A31 16.00 fmol Magnesium Oxide Molar Mass: 4O.31 oftno\ Percent composition of Magnesium 140:3 1 a Percent composition of Oxyzen \6+9% yp 234-64 % a As 40.3! Page 2 of 6 Scanned with CamScannerCH11U04P02 - Rev. Jul, 2018 WeuNes> Procedure and Materials: ' NOTE: You are NOT doing the actual lab yourself, Read the instructions below so you have a feel for where the data you will be using came from, 1, Determine the mass of a clean dry crucible with its lid, ing clamp Sea wit li 2. Measure off about 15 cm of a lay triangle magnesium ribbon that has been cleaned with steel wool. Wind the ribbon around a pencil to form a loose spiral. Place the spiral of magnesium in the crucible and determine the mass Ring stand—| —Bunsen burner of crucible, lid and magnesium ribbon. 3. Support the crucible on a clay triangle on aring stand. Place the lid on the crucible so that a small opening remains. 4, Heat the crucible using a hot Bunsen burner flme for about eight minutes. Carefully slide the lid off with crucible tongs. If the contents start to bun with a bright white flame, replace the lid and continue to heat until the magnesium no longer flares up when the lid is removed. The contents should now bea crumbly grayish white powder. 5, Remove the lid carefully onto a ceramic pad and allow the crucible to cool. Failure to allow the crucible to cool before weighing can both cause damage to the balance and an incorrect weight due to the buoyancy effect of hot rising air. 6. When the crucible and contents are reasonably cool reweigh the crucible, lid and contents (magnesium oxide). Page 3 of 6 Scanned with CamScannerExperimental Percent Compositions: Mg = f- CH11U04P02 — Rev. Jul, 2018 Data Table: values for the last 3 rows. Show your work! weiNed® ‘The data collected from the lab is in the first 3 rows of the table below. You need to calculate the Mass of Crucible 247g Mass of Crucible + Magnesium 22.758 Mass of Crucible + Magnesium Oxide 22.93 g Mass of Magnesium Oxide QAtZ-Bad7 = 9469 Mass of Magnesium Bus —Bad7 = 0-489 Mass of Oxygen Od - 0.82 = 0.18 gy Use the data from the table above to calculate the experimental values for the percent composition of oxygen and magnesium in magnesium oxide (MgO). Percent composition of Magnesium 0.88 222 xloo = % sae x09 = 60.86 % Percent composition of Oxygen ONE 100 = 34.13 Yo one Page 4 of 6 Scanned with CamScannerCH11U04P02 - Rev. Jul, 2018 weLtkes Empirical Formula Determination: First convert the masses of magnesium and oxygen from the data table into moles using molar mass. Moles of Magnesium 9-889 | Imol a4. M Moles of Oxygen 91189 Ja wD DMO = 0,005 wel © Next divide the two amounts of mols you just calculated to determine the ratio of Mg to O. Ratio 69.005 ~_ No Decimans Finally use the ratio you have calculated to write the empirical formula for Magnesium Oxide Empirical Formula Mg 0a, Page 5 of 6 Scanned with CamScannerCH11U04P02 — Rev. Jul, 2018 Percentage Erro: For both magnesium and oxygen compare the actual values of percent composition to the experimental values using the following formula. % Error = Experimental Value - Accepted Value 4 100% ‘Accepted Value ‘Magnesium % = 0.66 — 60.31 h0.3| yl % < 0.1% Oxygen Of = 80 <2N-e4 349-64 Extra Problem: An electric current is passed through 60.0 mL of water (FLO). This converts the water into 53.33 ¢ oxygen gas and 6.67g hydrogen gas. Assuming the density of the water is 1.00 g/mL, calculate the percent composition of each element in water. Percent composition of Oxygen 33 = S3.335 x lo = 83-93% Go. 99 Percent composition of Hydro; 6.675 Coos ¥ loo = NN. 19% 0.09 Page 6 of 6 Scanned with CamScanner