12th Model Question Paper With Solution - March 2023 - 652aaf4d20ef1

BOARD ACTIVITY SHEET SOLUTION: FEBRUARY 2023
ENGLISH YUVAKBHARATI
Note: Answer to every question must be written on a new page.
SECTION I: PROSE
Q.1.(A) A1. (b) The writer wished to run away from IIT and even Mumbai.
(d) The writer could overcome his feeling of depression with his own efforts.
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[2 Marks]
A2. (a) The writer’s English was very poor.
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(b) The writer had a weak vocabulary.
(c) The writer’s pronunciation was terrible.
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(d) The writer’s construction of English sentences was very awkward.
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A3. Negative qualities: (i) Loneliness

(ii) Depression
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(iii) Diffidence
Positive qualities: (i) Self-esteem
(ii) Determination
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(iii) Strength
[2 Marks]
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A4. The following are four suggestions to improve English communication skills:
i. Reading extensively: Reading a variety of materials such as books, newspapers,
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blogs, etc. will help one improve their grammar and vocabulary.
ii. Watching movies and shows: Watching movies and shows will help one improve
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their comprehension and expose them to different accents and expressions.

iii. Using online resources: Using online resources such as apps and websites with
exercises and quizzes will help one test themselves.
iv. Recording oneself: Recording oneself while speaking and listening to it later will
help one identify their mistakes and correct them. [2 Marks]
A5.
i. (c) Though I was quite happy getting into IIT, my joy was short-lived.
ii. (c) How humiliated and upset I felt! [2 Marks]
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HSC Question Papers and
Activity Sheets with Solutions
A6.
Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
(a) diffident (iii) confident
(b) humiliated (iv) exhilarated
(c) arrogant (i) humble
(d) inferiority (ii) superiority
[2 Marks]
B1.
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i. (b) This agreement has been signed in haste by both the partners.
ii. (a) I asked my sister what I could do for her in that matter.
iii. (c) No sooner did he leave the house than he met with an accident.
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[3 Marks]
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B2. She has been working in this office since 1996.
[1 Mark]
Q.2. (A)
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A1. Hepatitis A
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Infection of diseases
Tuberculosis possible through Medical Amoebic dysentery
Tourism
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Influenza
[2 Marks]
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A2.
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i. exposure to disease without having built-up natural immunity can be a hazard for weak
individuals
ii. India has failed to provide nourishment, sanitation and health care to its masses
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[2 Marks]
A3.
Positive aspects of Medical Hazard/Negative aspects of Medical
Tourism Tourism
1 Tax benefits 1 Exposure to disease
2 Export incentives 2 Unreliable quality of post-

operative care
[2 Marks]
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Board Activity Sheet Solution: March 2023
A4. I agree with the statement that we need to promote the concept of Wildlife
Tourism in India. India is home to an amazingly wide variety of animals and birds.
It is, in fact, the only country to have both lions and tigers. So, people from all
over the world, especially wildlife enthusiasts, would be more than willing to visit
India for wildlife tourism. Another reason to encourage wildlife tourism in India is
that wildlife tourism could be a major contributor to India’s tourism industry. If
implemented well, it could generate revenue, create jobs and even help to conserve
India’s rich biodiversity.
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[2 Marks]
A5.
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i. (d) Govt. of India has encouraged medical tourism in the country.
ii. (c) This will make it difficult to deal with any complication.
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[2 Marks]
A6.
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i. booming ii. hazard
iii. acquiring iv. access
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[2 Marks]
(B) Medical Tourism in India

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The government of India is encouraging medical tourism in the country. Tax benefits
and export incentives are being offered to participating hospitals. Medical visas are
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being cleared quickly. Also, efforts are being made to guide foreign patients to select
hospitals most suited to their needs. However, medical tourism carries some risks.
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Some countries have infectious diseases rarely found in others. Exposure to them
without built-up natural immunity can be a hazard. The quality of post-operative care
can also vary dramatically across countries. Finally, after returning home, a patient
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has a limited contact with their surgeon. Since a large section of the Indian
population has little or no access to private health care and public health care is
inadequate, one wonders if it is sensible to make provisions for medical tourism in
India.
[3 Marks]
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(C) Human Interest
Art and activity Travel and adventure Sports and Fitness
• Photography • Tourism • Yoga
• Music • Road trips • Swimming
• Painting • Backpacking • Basketball
• Writing • Extreme sports • Football
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[3 Marks]
SECTION II: POETRY
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Q.3. (A)
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A1. (c) The mariner wished to hear the Inchcape Bell.
(b) The vessel strikes with a shivering shock.
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(a) Sir Ralph the Rover cursed himself in despair.
(d) Ralph the Rover heard one dreadful sound. [2 Marks]
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A2. Reasons for the sinking of the ship
A thick haze covered The ship drifted Ralph the Rover The ship
the sky and reduced towards the Inchcape had cut off the crashed into
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visibility. Rock. Inchcape Bell. Inchcape Rock.
[2 Marks]
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A3. [Note: The question was missing and in its place instructions to the paper checkers
were printed.] [2 Marks]

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A4. [Note: The question was missing and in its place the answer was printed.] [2 Marks]
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A5. Ships Sailing the Sea

Through stormy waves and tempests fierce,
Far from lighthouses, harbours and piers,
Sail ships carrying men, who have no fears,
For they live in moments and not in years.
[Note: The question was missing and in its place instructions to the paper checkers
were printed.]
[Note: The given poem is for reference.] [2 Marks]
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(B) Appreciation of the poem ‘She Walks in Beauty’

The poem, ‘She Walks in Beauty’ is a poem appreciating female beauty and
expressing how outer beauty stems from inner beauty, thus resulting in perfection
through harmony. It was written by George Gordon Byron, well-known as Lord Byron,
who was a famous poet from the Romantic era of English literature. He was well-
known for his satirical works and was one of the most celebrated and the most
controversial poet in 19th century England. The title of the poem is also the first
line of the poem, which gives the reader a glimpse of the woman whose beauty the
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poet appreciated. The title ‘She Walks in Beauty’ doesn’t mean that the woman is
walking beautifully or that she is simply beautiful. It says that she walks “in
beauty”, meaning that beauty surrounds her, making her magnificent.
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In this poem, the primary theme explored by the poet is that of beauty, where he
praises a woman he encounters as being flawless. The other themes are that of the
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delicate harmony between darkness and light as well as the perfect balance between
the mind and the body, which make the woman beautiful even on the inside.
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This 18-line lyrical poem consists of three six-line stanzas, that is, sestets, which
are written in iambic tetrameter and consist of alternate rhymes, thus accentuating
the poem’s theme of balance and harmony. The poem follows a regular rhyme scheme
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of ‘abab’ throughout.
The language used by the poet is rich and complex, which gives the woman in the
poem a very mystical quality. The use of a variety of poetic devices like Alliteration,
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Antithesis, Consonance, Exclamation, Inversion, Metaphor, Metonymy,

Personification, Repetition and Synecdoche adds to the complexity of the poem.
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The poet has employed literary devices like enjambment and imagery to enhance its
appeal. The visual imagery can be witnessed when the poet compares the woman to a
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cloudless and starry night, thus laying the foundation of the light and dark theme of
the poem. The qualities attributed to the woman’s features – ‘mellowed eyes’, ‘wavy
raven tresses’, ‘soft and calm face’ –paint a beautiful picture of an extraordinarily
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wonderful woman. The main symbolism in the poem is that the poet presents the
woman as someone who is a symbol of purity and innocence.
The message that the poet is trying to convey through this poem is that one can be
beautiful on the outside only when one feels beautiful on the inside. Though this
poem is largely about the poet trying to capture this woman’s paradoxical beauty,
which combines the best of dark and bright, the last stanza focuses on how her
stunning appearance stems from her calm, composed mind and sweet, innocent heart.
It is her virtuous nature that gives her beauty that is unparalleled.
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In my opinion, the poem is full of class and elegance. The poet’s depiction of the
woman’s attractiveness and his expression of the woman’s outer beauty being linked
to her inner beauty, create a powerful impact on the readers’ minds, thus making
them understand the absolute meaning of being beautiful. [4 Marks]
SECTION III: WRITING SKILLS
Q.4. (A)
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(1) Message
20th Feb 3:00 p.m.
Sanket
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I am required to go to Pune to participate in the national level Chess Competition.
Hence, I won’t be able to attend the class-test. Please convey my participation in the
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competition as the reason of my absence to the subject teacher. Thank you.
Ramesh lic
OR
(2) Statement of Purpose
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Ever since I was a child, I have had a natural curiosity about the world around me. As
I grew up, I realised I enjoy researching and uncovering new information. I also
learned that I have a talent for communicating complex ideas in a clear and concise
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manner. With the desire to test my journalism skills, I joined the editorial team of
my high school’s school magazine and worked my way up to the position of Editor. In
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my time at the magazine, I cultivated my passion for telling stories and informing
people about important events and issues. Once I felt sure that I wanted to make a
career in journalism, I decided to pick a niche. I chose crime-reporting because I
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believe it has the most direct and most important impact on society and hence is
itself the most important. My ultimate goal as a journalist is to make a positive impact
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with journalism that informs, interests and inspires. I believe that a degree-course in
mass-communication at your institute, the reputed, Royal Institute of Mass-
communication will help me fulfil my dream and, therefore, I request you to kindly
consider my application. Thank you.
OR
(3) Evaluator: You’ve all been given a few minutes to think about your topic for today’s
group discussion, which is, ‘Traditional food provides more nutrition to the
children as compared to junk food’. You may now begin the discussion. Who
would like to start?
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Jatin: I think we can definitely say that traditional food provides more nutrition
to the children as compared to junk food. This is because traditional food
contains a variety of whole foods such as vegetables and these foods
provide various essential nutrients that children need.
Mohit: I am afraid I do not agree with you, Jatin. While it is true that traditional
food can be more nutritious than junk food, this is not always the case. In
today’s world where vegetables are doused with fertilisers and pesticides
and even injected with chemicals, we may as well be slowly poisoning
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ourselves when we consume traditional food.
Shekhar: I agree with you, Mohit. But, I believe we should consider the fact that
even junk food is not at all nutritious as it contains a lot of calories,
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unhealthy fats, and sugar that can cause various lifestyle diseases.
Jatin: Thank you, Shekhar. I would also like to direct everyone’s attention to the
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problem that junk food is everywhere, and it is tempting to consume it
regularly. This leads to over-consumption which is not the case with
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traditional food.
Mohit: I wonder what you think about under-consumption, Jatin. If children were
to have traditional food all the time, their parents would hardly be able to
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feed them. Traditional food is not always affordable.
Evaluator: Please conclude.
Shekhar: I think it’s a matter of balance. We should not completely avoid junk food,
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but rather limit our consumption. We should choose traditional food and
eat junk food in moderation.
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[4 Marks]
(B)
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(1)
To sunilcomputers@jmail.com
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Subject Quotation for 20 PCs
Respected Sir,
I am a resident of Aaram Nagar and I am planning to start a Computer Institute in my

area. I am writing to demand a quotation for the purchase of 20 computers for said
institute.
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Please make a note of the specifications I need for these computers:

• Processor: Inter core i5 or higher
• RAM: 8GB or higher
• Hard Drive: 225GB SSD or higher
• Display: 21-inch monitor or larger
• OS: Windows 10 or higher
I would be very grateful if you could also give me the information about the discounts,
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warranties and after-sales services that you offer. With such information, I would be
able to make an informed decision about the purchase.
Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions.
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Thanking you in anticipation.
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Sincerely,
Arjun K.
[4 Marks]
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OR
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(2) Independence Day Celebration

- Viren Ahuja, General Secretary
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Mumbai, 17 August, 2022
The M. N. Junior College recently celebrated the 75th Anniversary of our National
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Independence. Various socio-cultural activities such as debate and speech

competitions as well as exhibitions, workshops and even a parade were organised.
The celebration began on the morning of 13th August with the flag-hoisting
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ceremony, which was followed by the national anthem. The flag was hoisted by the
chief guest, Mr. Hiren Kumar, who is one of the trustees of the college. The first
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activity of the day was the debate competition in which students from Std. XII
participated and in the speech competition, which was conducted in the second
half of the day, students from Std. XI participated. The activities of the second
day were not segregated and students from both classes competed in the art
exhibition as well as the workshop. The third day saw the parade in which a
contingent of students represented the college in a military march past.
Mr. Kamal Joshi, the principal of the college, concluded the celebration with a few
words on the importance of freedom and independence and expressed his pride at
the performance of everyone involved in the execution of the activities.
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OR
(3)
i. What motivated you to apply to the NDA?
ii. Which branch of the Indian Armed Forces would you choose for yourself?
iii. What are the traits of a person who would be selected for training at the NDA?
iv. How did you balance the demands of preparing for the NDA and your education?
v. Can you discuss a particularly challenging experience you had while preparing?
vi. Who would you say supported you the most with your decision and preparation?
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vii. Is there someone whom you think of as an idol or an inspiration?
viii. What message would you like to leave us with?
[4 Marks]
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(C)
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(1) Water Harvesting
Good morning, students.lic
I, Akhil Jain, am a member of JalJeevan, an NGO that works for water conservation.
Today, on the eve of ‘World Environment Day’ I have been granted the opportunity to
share a few words about water harvesting.
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Water harvesting is perhaps the cheapest and quickest solution to the problem of
water shortage that has plagued our nation. Instead of going out of our way and doing
something we simply have to be more mindful. It hardly takes any effort in not letting
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rainwater go to waste and that is our goal at JalJeevan. We hope to ensure that
every household harvests at least 1000 thousand litres of water every monsoon
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season.
In order to do so, we collect and distribute buckets and even organise cash prizes to
be given to those who compete the target of 1000 litres. All of these expenses are
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paid out of the donations we receive.

We hope people will be inspired by our example and follow in our footsteps.
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Thank you.
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(2) Introduction
Ankita (Main compere): Good morning to one and all. I, Ankita Verma, along with my
co-host Bhumi Singh, would like to extend a warm welcome to our principal sir, our
beloved teachers and friends. Today is indeed a special day for our college as we are
here for the farewell function of the students appearing for the H.S.C. examination
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Welcome the guests

Bhumi: That’s right, Ankita. Now, before beginning the farewell let us put our hands
together for our chief guest, Mr. Nakul Shroff (pause for the applause). Mr. Shroff is an
alumnus of our college who has gone on to build a start-up that has set a record in the
world of entrepreneurship by becoming a unicorn in shortest frame of time. His renewable
energy start-up, Vikas, took a mere six months to claim the coveted distinction.
Felicitation
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Ankita: I would like to call upon our dear principal, Mr. Lalit Shukla, to felicitate Mr.
Shroff with a bouquet of flowers.
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Important speeches
Bhumi: Thank you, principal sir. Moving on, we have Mr. Dheeraj Sharma, from Std.
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XI, who would like to share a few words about his experience with students of
Std. XII whom we are celebrating and bidding goodbye to today.
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Concluding remark
Ankita: That was truly a moving speech, Dheeraj. Thank you. I would now, with a
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heavy heart, like to state that though we have all been having fun and creating
memories that will last a lifetime; this is all the time we had for today.
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Vote of thanks
Bhumi: So, I would like to extend my gratitude to our principal sir, our beloved
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teachers and friends for making today a grand success. And, I would like to thank our
chief guest, Mr. Shroff for taking time out of his busy schedule to be here with us.
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OR
(3) Experience is the best teacher

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John Keats once said, “Nothing ever becomes real till it is experienced”. Keeping this
quote in mind, we can say that experience is the best teacher because the lessons we
learn from experience are more likely to be remembered and internalised. Our
experiences, unlike the anecdotes we read in books, are tangible and real. Moreover,
our experiences are consequential. We may read about the importance of punctuality,
but it is only when we miss an important event that we make amends. We may read
about the importance of eating healthy but it is only when we fall ill, that we change
our habits. Thus, experience is the best teacher.
[4 Marks]
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(D)
(1) Name of the movie: Soul
Year of the movie’s release: 2020
Cast of the movie: Jamie Foxx, Angela Basset, Tina Fey
Theme / storyline in brief: Soul is a breath-taking animated movie that explores the
meaning of life, purpose and passion.
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Producer / Director: Directed by Peter Docter and produced by Pixar Animation
Studios the movie tells the story of Joe Gardner, a middle-school band teacher and
aspiring jazz musician who dies unexpectedly and finds himself in the afterlife.
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Technical Aspects: Music / Photography: The movie’s animation is stunning, with vibrant,
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colourful visuals that capture the energy and spirit of New York City. The music, which is
a blend of jazz and contemporary music, is also a stand-out element, perfectly
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complementing the story’s themes and enhancing the emotional impact of the its scenes.
Your opinion: Overall, Soul is a touching and thought-provoking movie that offers a
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unique and captivating perspective on the human experience. It is a must-watch for
anyone who loves animation, music or simply a good story that touches the soul.
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OR
(2) Social Media and the Spirit of Education
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Social media has become an integral part of our lives. It has revolutionized the way
we connect and interact with others, access information, and entertain ourselves.
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However, while social media has many benefits, it has also had a negative impact on
education, particularly on the spirit of learning.
One of the most significant ways in which social media is spoiling the spirit of
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education is by creating a culture of distraction. Students today are constantly

bombarded with notifications, messages and updates from social media platforms,
which make it difficult for them to focus on their studies. This leads to a decrease in
productivity, which, in turns, leads to a decrease in motivation, and ultimately impacts
their grades and academic performance.
Moreover, social media has also contributed to the decline of critical thinking skills.
Students are increasingly relying on social media, such as chat forums, to provide
them with information, rather than conducting their own research and analysis.
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In conclusion, social media has had a negative impact on the spirit of education and it
is important to recognise the challenges social media has created in order to minimize
its negative impact on education.
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(3) MAKE YOUR MARK, MAKE A DIFFERNCE!
Dear students,
As the next generation of leaders, you have the power to shape the future and mould
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the destiny of our country. Your voices matter and the best way to make them heard
is to register to vote.
As members of the youth, you have a unique perspective and understanding of the
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issues that matter the most to your generation. By registering to vote, you can ensure
that these issues are brought to the notice of those in power. Remember, if you do
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not advocate for the polices that align with your beliefs and values, you will hardly
have the right to critique those that are actually put in place.
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So, I urge you to take action and respond to the Voters’ Registration Camp organised
by the State Election Commission. The camp is being organised on the eve of the 75th
Anniversary of our National Independence at SKRM Ground, Powai. Moreover, Mr.
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Eknath Shinde, the honourable chief minister of our state, will be gracing the event
and speaking a few words on the importance of democracy.
So, be sure to spread the word far and wide as a poor turn-out means low awareness
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and low awareness means a dark future. [4 Marks]

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SECTION IV: LITERARY GENRE - NOVEL

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Q.5. (A)
(i)
Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
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(a) Oroonoku (iii) Aphra Behn

(b) The Heart of Darkness (i) Joseph Conard
(c) Frankenstein (iv) Mary Shelly
(d) The Pilgrim’s Progress (ii) John Bunyan
[2 Marks]
(ii) (a) Gothic (b) Growth
(c) six (d) conflict

[2 Marks]
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(B)
(i) The narrator of the novel, E.R. Braithwaite, worked as an engineer and even served in the
Royal British Air Force during the Second World War, before becoming a teacher.
Though he is British, he is a victim of racial discrimination and prejudice because he is a
black man in post-war England. Because of his race, he has trouble finding employment
and reluctantly takes up the post of a teacher at Greenslade School, located in the East
End of London. The school is famous for its badly behaved students and from the first
day, Braithwaite finds it difficult to manage his class full of unruly children. As someone
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who is easily angered, Braithwaite struggles to keep calm while dealing with them. Despite
not a teacher by profession, Braithwaite is very insightful in his interactions with the
students. He recognises that he lacks the experience of a professional teacher and takes
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extra effort to improve his teaching skills. He soon learns to be patient and
compassionate towards the students and eventually manages to build a strong bond with
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them based on mutual respect. By not giving up on his students, Braithwaite shows
resilience and confidence in his abilities and reaps the rewards of his hard work as he
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watches with pride the young adults that graduate from his class at the end of the year.
[2 Marks]
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(ii) Denham, who is a trained boxer, is of the opinion that exercising only helps if
performed daily and for longer periods. In contrast, P.T. class is only twice a week and
thus offers no health benefits, making it a waste of time. Miss Philips reminds
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Denham that the school has limited resources and therefore has to make the best
use of its time in a way that benefits the maximum number of students. Though
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students like Denham are physically fit and play other sports, the class is not just
meant for them but for all the students. Hence, even if Denham finds P.T. to be
pointless, the others, who are not physically fit, could benefit from it. In response to
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this, Denham argues that P.T. should then only be for the students who need it and
not for physically fit students like himself. But Miss Phillips replies that when
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students like Denham are made to do P.T. even though they don’t like it, they are
actually being trained for the real world, which is the purpose of the school
timetable. Thus, she argues that it is important for students like Denham to do P.T.
even if they don’t enjoy it because it is an exercise of the mind as much as of the
body. At last, Denham is outsmarted and he finally gives up on the matter. [2 Marks]
(C)
(i) Hardships are a part and parcel of life. Those, who give up too easily when things get
tough, can never achieve their goals. On the other hand, those who continue to strive
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hard, without being bogged down by difficult situations, are always successful. Fogg’s
objective of completing a trip around the world in eighty days is a highly ambitious one.
The journey is long, arduous and full of dangerous situations and seemingly
insurmountable obstacles. However, no matter what comes his way, Fogg does not give up;
instead, he continues to believe in himself, keeps working towards his goal and eventually
wins the bet. Thus, the message conveyed by the quote is to not be discouraged by
difficult situations; because those who quit can never attain their goals, while those who
are determined and keep working will always succeed in the end. [2 Marks]
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(ii) Having followed Fogg around the world and finally arresting him in Liverpool, Fix is
shocked to discover that he has caught the wrong person. When he realizes this, he is
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overcome with guilt and immediately releases Fogg, admitting his mistake to him.
Fogg, who has not only been arrested even though he was innocent but has also lost
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the bet and along with it his entire fortune, is overcome with anger upon hearing
Detective Fix. Thus, Fogg knocks Detective Fix down.
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(D)
(i) Mary comes to meet Sherlock with a case. For the past six years, an anonymous person
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has been sending a pearl to Mary on the same day each year. However, this year, she has
received a letter from the anonymous sender requesting her to go to the third pillar
from the left, outside the Lyceum Theatre. The letter suggested that Mary had been
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wronged in some way and that she shall have justice. Though the sender warned Mary not
to inform the police, he did tell her that she could have two friends accompany her. At
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this point, Mary is curious about the meeting but at the same time, the prospect of
meeting a stranger alone is obviously unsettling. Thus, as a compromise, she decides to
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not call the police but enlists the help of a detective, Holmes, to accompany her. They
both agree and the trio decides to visit Lyceum Theatre. [2 Marks]
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(ii) Various themes are highlighted in the given extract of the novel. However, the
central idea that dominates the extract is that of justice. All the events in the given
extract are the result of the anonymous letter requesting a meeting with Miss Mary
Morstan. This letter has been sent by the same person who has been sending the
pearls to Miss Morstan for the past six years. As deduced by Holmes, the act can be
viewed as compensation being given for the loss suffered by Miss Morstan, because
the letter mentions her as a “wronged woman”. Miss Morstan’s decision to seek
Holmes’ assistance and the decision to go to the meeting place are the outcomes of
the letter sent by the anonymous person. [2 Marks]
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BOARD ANSWER PAPER: FEBRUARY 2023
PHYSICS
Note: Answer to every section must be written on a new page.

SECTION A
1
Q.1. i. (C) [1 Mark]
2πnd2
ii. (B) energy [1 Mark]
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iii. (C) NOR-gate [1 Mark]
iv. (D) frequency [1 Mark]
v. (C) 100 Wb [1 Mark]
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N = NBA
= 100  1  1 = 100 Wb
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vi. (A) =0 [1 Mark]
vii. (C) holes and electrons recombine
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viii. (A) low coercivity and low retentivity [1 Mark]
ix. (D) 2.0 V [1 Mark]
x. (B) 4 [1 Mark]
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2
r8 8
=   = 22 = 4
r4 4
 r8 = 4r4
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Q.2. i. For an ideal voltmeter the value of resistance is infinite. [1 Mark]

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ii. Force on a closed circuit in a magnetic field is zero. [1 Mark]

iii. Average value of alternating current over a complete cycle is zero. [1 Mark]
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1.228
iv. De-Broglie wavelength of an electron is given by,  = nm
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  = 1.228 = 0.1228 nm [1 Mark]
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v. No, vehicle will skid in the absence of friction on the road. [1 Mark]
VAB ER
vi. Formula: =
L L R + r
VAB
Where, is the potential gradient and E is the electric field. [1 Mark]
L
 πt 
vii. Given that, x = 5 sin   m
 3 
Velocity of a particle performing S.H.M. is given by,
dx d   πt    πt  π
v= = 5 × sin   = 5  cos  3  
dt dt   3     3
1

In t = 1 second,
v = 5  1 × π = 2.62 m/s
2 3
Alternate method:
v =  A2  x2
2
π  3
= 5  ….(Substituting value of t = 1 s in equation of x)
2
×   5 × 
3  2 
3.142  3 3.142  1 3.142 5

= × 25   25 ×  = ×  25 ×  = × = 2.62 m/s [1 Mark]
3  4 3  4 3 2
ns
eh
viii. Formula for Bohr Magneton = [1 Mark]
4πme
io
SECTION  B
at
Q.3. i. Coefficient of viscosity: The coefficient of viscosity is defined as the viscous force
per unit area per unit velocity gradient.
F
lic
ii. Formula:  =
dv
A
dx
ub
iii. Unit of  is Ns/m2 or decapoise in SI system [2 Marks]
Q.4. Expression for magnetic induction at a point along the axis passing through centre
P
of a toroid and perpendicular to its plane:
i. Consider a toroid carrying steady current I and having turns N.

et
ii. The magnetic field around the toroid consists of concentric circular lines of force
around it. Magnetic field is produced, when a steady current flows through toroid.
rg
Amperian
Loop
Ta
R

B
Amperian loop along

central axis of toroid
iii. The direction of magnetic field at a point is along the tangent to the circular path at
that point.
iv. Let R be the radius of the Amperian loop. This loop is concentric with the axis of
toroid. P is a point on the loop.
2

Board Answer Paper: February 2023

v. Applying Ampere’s law,
 
 B  dl = 0 I = 0Ni .…(1)
where,
N = total number of turns in the toroid.
I = total current flowing through toroid.
i = Current flowing in each turn
 
Now,  B  dl =  B dl cos .…(2)
ns
 
vi. But, B and dl are in same direction
  = 0
 cos  = 1
io
 Equation (2) can be written as,
 
 B  dl =  Bdl = B  dl .…(3)
at
vii. Also  dl = 2R ….(total length of circle is its circumference)
From equation (3),
 
lic
 B  dl = B (2R) .…(4)
viii. From equation (1) and (4),

ub
B (2R) = 0Ni
μ0Ni
 B= .…(5)
2πR
P
This is the required expression. [2 Marks]

et
Q.5. Principle: Angular momentum of an isolated system is conserved in the absence of an
external unbalanced torque.

rg
Proof:
i. Angular momentum or the moment of linear momentum of a system is given by,
  
Lrp
Ta
 
Where r is the position vector from the axis of rotation and p is the linear
momentum.
ii. Differentiating with respect to time, we get,
  
dL d    dp dr 
 r × p = r × + ×p
dt dt   dt dt
 
dr 
dp 
iii. Now, = v and = F
dt dt

dL
= r × F + m  v × v 
   

dt  
3

Now  v × v  = 0
 
 

dL  
 = r ×F
dt
  
iv. But r × F is the moment of force or torque  .


dL
  =
dt

dL  
Thus, if  = 0, = 0 or L = constant.
dt
ns

Hence, angular momentum L is conserved in the absence of external unbalanced

torque  .
io
v. This is the principle of conservation of angular momentum, analogous to the
conservation of linear momentum.
at
Examples of conservation of angular momentum: During some shows of ballet dance,
acrobat in a circus, sports like ice skating, diving in a swimming pool, etc., the principle
lic
of conservation of angular momentum is realized.
[2 Marks]
ub
Q.6. i. Diagram:
C1 C2 CS
+Q Q +Q Q
P
V1 V2 V
Q Q Q
 Q
V
et
() ()
+  K + 
K
ii. Explanation:
rg
a. Capacitors are said to be connected in series if they are connected one after
the other in the form of a chain.
Ta
b. Let capacitors of capacitances C1, C2 be connected in series as shown in the

figure.
c. Let V1, V2 be the corresponding potential differences in the capacitors.
d. Suppose a potential difference ‘V’ is applied across the combination. The left
plate of capacitor C1 has a charge +Q. An equal but opposite charge Q is
induced on the right plate of this capacitor. This charge Q induces a charge
+Q on the left plate of C2.
4

e. Thus, each capacitor receives a magnitude of charge Q. Hence, when the

capacitors are connected in series, same current flows through them and all
have the same charge +Q induced on the plate.
Thus, potential difference induced across capacitors is given by,
Q Q
V1 = , V2 = ….(1)
C1 C2
f. Total potential difference ‘V’ across the combination is given by, V = V1 + V2

Q Q
 V= + ….[From equation (1)]
C1 C2
ns
1 1 
 V = Q +  ….(2)
 C1 C2 
io
g. If these capacitors are replaced by a single capacitor of capacity CS, such that
effective capacity remains same then
at
Q
CS =
V
Q
 V=
CS
lic ….(3)
From equation (2) and (3),

ub
Q 1 1 
=Q  + 
CS  C1 C2 
1 1 1 
 =  + 
P
CS  C1 C2 
C1C2
 CS = ….(4)
C1 + C2
et
[2 Marks]
rg
Q.7. i. For parallel combination of two coils, the current through each parallel inductor is
a fraction of the total current and the voltage across each parallel inductor is
same.
Ta
ii. As a result, a change in total current will result in less voltage dropped across the
parallel array than for any one of the individual inductors.
iii. There will be less voltage drop across parallel inductors for a given rate of change in
current than for any of the individual inductors.
iv. Less voltage for the same rate of change in current results in less inductance.
v. Thus, the total inductance of two coils is less than the inductance of either coil.
[2 Marks]
5

Q.8. i. To use a M.C.G as an ammeter, a shunt (low resistance) is connected in parallel to the
coil of M.C.G.
ii. In the arrangement as shown in the figure, I and Ig are the current through the
circuit and galvanometer respectively.
Therefore, the current through shunt S is, Is = (I – Ig)
R G I
Ig g
I I
Is Is
ns
S
iii. Since S and G are parallel, potential difference across them is same.
io
 GIg = S Is
 GIg = S (I Ig)
at
 Ig 
 S=   G ….(1)
 I  Ig 
  lic
Equation (1) is useful to calculate the range of current that the galvanometer can measure.
iv. If the current I is n times current Ig, then I = n Ig. Using this in equation (1),
 GIg 
S=  
 nIg  Ig 
ub
 
G
 S=
n 1
P
This is the required shunt to increase the range n times.
v. If Is is the current through the shunt resistance, then the remaining current (I – Is)
et
will flow through galvanometer.

 G (I  Is) = SIs
rg
 GI  GIs = SIs
 SIs + GIs = GI
Is  G 
 =
Ta

I S + G 
This equation gives the fraction of the total current through the shunt resistance.
[2 Marks]
Q.9. Solution:
Given: R = 100 , V = 220 V, f = 50 Hz
To find: i. rms current (irms) ii. Net power consumed (Pav)
Formulae: i. irms = erm s ii. Pav = erms irms

R
6

Calculation: From formula (i),

irms = 220 = 2.2 A
100
From formula (ii),
Pav = 220  2.2 = 484 W
Ans: i. The rms current in the circuit is 2.2 A.
ii. Net power consumed over a full cycle is 484 W.
[2 Marks]
ns
Q.10. Solution:
Given: m = 120 g = 0.12 kg, l = 40 mm = 4  102 m, b = 10 mm = 102 m,
h = 80 mm = 8  102 m, T =  s, µ = 3.4 Am2
io
To find: Magnetic field (B)
 l 2 + b2  I
Formulae: i. I=m   ii. T = 2
at
 12  μB
Calculation: From formula (i), lic

1600 + 100 
I = 0.12  6 5
  10 = 1.7  10 Am
2
 12 
From formula (ii),

ub
I
  = 2
μB
Squaring both sides,

P
 I 
 2 = 42  
 μB 
et
4I
 B=
μ
4 × 1.7 × 10 5
rg
 B= = 2  105 Wb m2 or T
3.4
Ans: The influencing magnetic field is of strength 2  105 Wb m2 or T.

Ta
[2 Marks]
Q.11.
Sr.No. Free vibrations Forced vibrations
i. Free vibrations are produced Forced vibrations are produced by
when a body is disturbed from an external periodic force of any
its equilibrium position and frequency.
released.
7

ii. To start free vibrations, the Continuous external periodic force

force is required initially only. is required. If external periodic
force is stopped, then forced
vibrations also stop.
iii. The frequency of free The frequency of forced vibrations
vibrations depends on the depends on the frequency of the
natural frequency. external periodic force.
iv. Energy of the body remains Energy of the body is maintained
ns
constant in the absence of constant by the external periodic
friction, air resistance, etc. Due force.
to damping forces, total energy
io
decreases.
v. Amplitude of vibrations Amplitude is small but remains
at
decreases with time. constant as long as external periodic
lic force acts on it.
vi. Vibrations stop sooner or later Vibrations stop as soon as external
depending on the damping force. periodic force is stopped.
[Any two points of differences] [2 Marks]

ub
Q.12. Solution:
Given: T1 = 827 C = 827 + 273 = 1100 K, T2 = 427 C = 427 + 273 = 700 K
P
T0 = 27 C = 27 + 273 = 300 K
To find: The ratio of rate of loss of heat (R1:R2)
et
dQ
Formula: R= = e σ A (T4 T04 )
dt
Calculation: From formula,

rg
 dQ 
R1 =   = e σ A ( T1  T0 )
4 4
 dt 1
Ta
 dQ 
R2 =   = e σ A ( T2  T0 )
4 4
 dt 2

R1
=
T14  T04  = 114  3 = 14641  81
4
R2 T24  T04   7 4  34 2401  81

14560
=
2320
182
=
29
Ans: The ratio of rate of loss of heat R1 : R2 is 182 : 29. [2 Marks]
8

Q.13. Solution:
5
Given: As the gas is monatomic,  =
3
T2
T2 = 2T1  =2
T1
 p2 
To find: Ratio of final pressure to its initial pressure  
 p1 
Formula: p11  T1 = p21  T2
ns
1  γ
 p1   T2 
   =  
 p2   T1 
io
2 5
 p1  3  T2  3
   =  
 p2   T1 
at
2 5
 p2  3  T2  3
   =  
 p1   T1  lic
On taking cube of both sides, we get
2 5
 p2   T2 
   =  
p
 1  T1 
ub
2
 p2  5
   = (2) = 32
p
 1
Taking square root of both sides, we get

P
p2
 = 32 = 4 2 = 4  1.414 = 5.656
p1
et
Ans: The ratio of final pressure to its initial pressure is 5.656.

[2 Marks]
rg
Q.14. Solution:
Given: A1(t1) = 1010/hr for t1 = 20 hrs
Ta
A2(t2) = 5  109/hr for t2 = 30 hrs

To find: Decay constant ()
Formula: A(t) = A0 et
A(t1) = A0 e t 1 ,
1010 = A0 e20 ….(1)
A(t2) = A0 e t2 ,
5  109 = A0 e30  ….(2)
9

Dividing equation (1) by (2),

10 10
 = e20  + 30  = e10 
5 × 10 9
 1010 
Taking natural logarithm on both the sides, ln  9 
= 10 
 5 ×10 
 2.303 log (2) = 10 
0.6932 = 10 
  = 0.06932 per hour.
Ans: Decay constant is 0.06932 per hour. [2 Marks]
ns
SECTION  C
io
Q.15. Reflection of light on a plane surface:
i. A plane wavefront AB is advancing obliquely
at
B
towards plane reflecting surface XY with T N
M
velocity ‘v’. AA1 and BB1 are incident rays.
lic
ii. When ‘A’ reaches XY at A1, then ray at ‘B’ A Q
reaches point ‘P’ and it has to cover distance R

P
PB1 to reach the reflecting surface XY.
ub
iii. Let ‘t’ be the time required to cover ir ir
90 – r 90 – i
X Y
distance PB1. During this time interval, A1 B1
secondary wavelets are emitted from A1 Reflection of light at a plane surface
P
and will spread over a hemisphere of

XY : Plane reflecting surface
radius A1R, in the same medium.
AB : Plane wavefront
et
Distance covered by secondary wavelets RB1 : Reflecting wavefront

to reach from A1 to R in time t is same as A1M, B1N : Normal to the plane
the distance covered by primary waves to AA1M = BB1N = i = Angle of incidence
rg
TA1M = QB1N = r = Angle of reflection

reach from P to B1.
Thus A1R = PB1 = vt.
Ta
iv. All other rays between AA1 and BB1 will reach XY after A1 and before B1. Hence, they
will also emit secondary wavelets of decreasing radii.
v. The surface touching all such hemispheres is RB1 which is reflected wavefront,
bounded by reflected rays A1R and B1Q.
vi. Draw A1M  XY and B1N  XY.
Thus, angle of incidence is AA1M = BB1N = i and angle of reflection is
MA1R = NB1Q = r.
  RA1B1 = 90  r and  PB1A1 = 90  i
10

vii. In A1RB1 and A1PB1

A1RB1  A1PB1
A1R = PB1 (Reflected waves travel equal distance in same medium in equal time).
A1B1 = A1B1 ….(common side)
 A1RB1  A1PB1
  RA1B1 = PB1A1
 90  r = 90  i
 i=r
ns
viii. Also, from the figure, it is clear that incident ray, reflected ray and normal lie in the
same plane.
ix. This explains reflection of light from plane reflecting surface on the basis of
io
Huygens’ principle.
[3 Marks]
at
Q.16. Bohr’s three postulates are:
lic
i. In a hydrogen atom, the electron revolves round the nucleus in a fixed circular orbit
with constant speed.
ii. The radius of the orbit of an electron can only take certain fixed values such that the
ub
h
angular momentum of the electron in these orbits is an integral multiple of , h being
2
the Planck’s constant.
iii. An electron can make a transition from one of its orbits to another orbit having lower
P
energy. In doing so, it emits a photon of energy equal to the difference in its energies
in the two orbits.
et
[3 Marks]
rg
Q.17. i. Magnetisation:
a. Definition: The ratio of magnetic moment to the volume of the material is called
magnetization.
Ta

It is denoted by M .
b. Unit: Am1 in SI system.
c. Dimensions: [M0L1T0I1]
ii. Magnetic susceptibility:

a. Definition: The ratio of magnitude of intensity of magnetization to that of
magnetic intensity is called as magnetic susceptibility.
b. It is unitless and dimensionless quantity.
[3 Marks]
11

Q.18. i. A laboratory experimental set-up for the photoelectric effect consists of an

evacuated glass tube with a quartz window.
ii. The glass tube contains photosensitive metal plates. One is the emitter E and another
plate is the collector C.
S
(Photosensitive) Quartz window
Emitter plate Electrons
Collector plate
E C
ns
Commutator
µA
io
V
at
Variable potential source
Schematic of experimental set-up
lic
for photoelectric effect
iii. The emitter and collector are connected to a voltage source whose voltage can be
changed and to an ammeter to measure the current in the circuit.
ub
iv. A potential difference of V, as measured by the voltmeter, is maintained between the
emitter E and collector C. Generally, C (the anode) is at a positive potential with
respect to the emitter E (the cathode).This potential difference can be varied and C
P
can even be at negative potential with respect to E.

v. When the anode potential (V) is positive, it accelerates the electrons. This potential is
et
called accelerating potential. When the anode potential (V) is negative, it retards the
flow of electrons. This potential is known as retarding potential.
rg
vi. A source S of monochromatic light of sufficiently high frequency (short wavelength

≤ 10–7 m) is used.
[3 Marks]
Ta
Q.19. i. The experimental set up for this method consists of a potentiometer wire AB
connected in series with a cell of emf E , the key K1, and rheostat as shown in figure.
P E1 r Q
A T K2 R S G
E
B J
K1
12

ii. The terminal A is at higher potential than terminal B. A cell of emf E1 whose
internal resistance r is to be determined is connected to the potentiometer wire
through a galvanometer G and the jockey J.
iii. A resistance box R is connected across the cell E1 through the key K2. The key K1
is closed and K2 is open.
iv. The circuit now consists of the cell E , cell E1 , and the potentiometer wire. The
null point is then obtained.
v. Let l1 be length of the potentiometer wire between the null point and the point A.
ns
This length corresponds to emf E1 .
 E1 = Kl1 ….(1)
where K is potential gradient of the potentiometer wire which is constant.
io
vi. Now both the keys K1 and K2 are closed so that the circuit consists of the cell E ,
the cell E1 , the resistance box, the galvanometer and the jockey. Some resistance
at
R is selected from the resistance box and null point is obtained.
vii. The length of the wire l2 between the null point and point A is measured. This
lic
corresponds to the voltage between the null point and point A.
 V = Kl2 ….(2)
Dividing equation (1) by equation (2),
ub
E1 Kl1 l1
 = = ….(3)
V Kl2 l2
viii. Consider the loop PQSTP,

P
E1 = IR + Ir and V = IR
E1 IR + Ir R + r l1
 = = = ….[From equation (3)]
V IR R l2
et
 l1 
 r = R  1
 l2 
rg
The above equation is used to determine the internal resistance of the cell.
[3 Marks]
Ta
Q.20. Working of n-p-n transistor:

i. Majority charge carriers in the emitter of n-p-n transistor are electrons.
ii. A typical biasing of a transistor is shown in figure (a). In this, emitter-base junction
is forward biased while collector-base junction is reverse biased.
Many Electrons Many Electrons
n p n
VEB Few VCB
Electrons
Figure (a)
13

iii. At the instant when the EB junction is forward biased, electrons in the emitter region
have not entered the base region as shown in figure (b).
n p n
 +
VEB VCB
+ 
Figure (b)
iv. When the biasing voltage VBE is greater than the barrier potential (0.6 – 0.7 V for Si
ns
transistors), many electrons enter the base region and form the emitter current IE as
shown in figure (c).
io
n n
 +
at
VEB VCB
+ 
Figure (c)
lic
v. These electrons can either flow through the base circuit and constitute the base
current (IB), or they can also flow through the collector circuit and contribute
ub
towards the collector current (IC).
vi. The base being thin and lightly doped, base current is only 5% of IE.
vii. Electrons injected from the emitter into the base diffuse into the collector-
P
base depletion region due to the thin base region. When the electrons enter the
collector-base depletion region, they are pushed into the collector region by the
et
electric field at the collector-base depletion region. The collector current (IC)
flows through the external circuit as shown in figure (d). The collector current
I C is about 95% of I E.
rg
IE IC
Ta
VEB VCB
IB
Figure (d)
From the figure we can conclude that, IE = IB + IC
Since the base current IB is very small we can write IC IE.
[3 Marks]
14


d2x
Q.21. Differential equation of linear S.H.M. is, + 2x = 0
dt2
i. Expression for acceleration in linear S.H.M:
a. From differential equation,

d2x
= 2x ….(1)
dt 2
b. But, linear acceleration is given by,

d2x
=a ….(2)
dt2
ns
From equations (1) and (2),
a = 2 x ….(3)
io
Equation (3) gives acceleration in linear S.H.M.
at
ii. Expression for velocity in linear S.H.M:
a. From differential equation of linear S.H.M,
d2x
dt2
= 2x
lic
d  dx  2
   =  x
dt  dt 
ub
dv  dx 
 = 2x ….  =v
dt  dt 
P
dv dx
  = 2x
dx dt
et
dv  dx 
 v = 2x ….  =v
dx  dt 
 v dv = 2xdx .…(4)
rg
b. Integrating both sides of equation (4),

v dv = 2xdx
Ta
v2 ω2x2
= +C .…(5)
2 2
where, C is the constant of integration.

c. At extreme position, x =  A and v = 0.
Substituting these values in equation (5),
ω2A2
0=  +C
2
ω2A2
 C= .…(6)
2
15

d. Substituting equation (6) in equation (5),

v2 ω2x2 ω2A2
= +
2 2 2
 v2 = 2A22x2
 v2 = 2(A2 x2)
 v = ±  A2  x2
This is the required expression for velocity in linear S.H.M.

[3 Marks]
ns
Q.22. Solution:
Given: n1 = 320 Hz, n2 = 340 Hz, v = 326.4 ms1
io
To find: Difference of wavelength of the waves
v
Formula: =
n
at
v
1 =
n1
v
lic
2 =
n2
ub
 n1 < n 2
 1 > 2
Difference in wavelength,
P
v v
 1  2 = 
n1 n2
et
1 1
 1  2 = v   
 n1 n2 
 1 1 
 1  2 = 326.4 
rg
 
 320 340 
 340  320 
 1  2 = 326.4  
 320 × 340 
Ta
6528
=
320 × 340
192
=
320 × 10
6
= = 0.06 m
100
Ans: The difference in wavelength is 0.06 m.
[3 Marks]
16

Q.23. Solution:
Given: y20 = 0.4 cm = 0.4  10–2 m, D = 1.2 m, n = 20
Magnified image,
d1 = 0.9 cm = 0.9  10–2 m.
v = 90 cm = 0.9 m
 u = D  v = 1.2  0.9 = 0.3 m
To find: Wavelength ()
d1u nD
Formulae: i. d= ii. yn =
v d
ns
0.9 ×102 × 0.3
d= = 0.3 ×102 m.
0.9
io
From formula (ii),
ynd
=
nD
at
0.4 ×102 × 0.3 ×10 2
 = = 5000  1010 m
20 ×1.2
lic = 5000 Å
Ans: Wavelength of the light used is 5000 Å.
[3 Marks]
ub
Q.24. Solution:
F
Given: I1 = I2 = I, = 4.76  102 N
P
L
d = 1.35 cm = 1.35  102 m
To find: Electric current
et
F μ II
Formula: = 0 1 2
L 2 πd

rg
4 π × 107 × I × I
4.76  102 =
2 × π × 1.35 × 10 2
Ta
4.76 × 10 2 × 1.35 × 10 2
 I2 =
2 × 107
= 1.35  2.38  1022+7
I= 1.35 × 2.38 × 103
= 13.5 × 2.38  10
= 5.669  10
= 56.69 A
Ans: The electric current is 56.69 A. [3 Marks]
17

Q.25. Solution:
Given: e = 140 sin 314.2 t
i. On comparing it with standard equation, e = e0 sin t
We get
e0 = 140 V
 = 314.2 rad/s = 100  rad/s
 f =  = 100  = 50 Hz
2 2
ii. Given: R = 50 
ns
e0
irms = erm s =
R 2 ×R
140
=
io
2 × 50
14
=
1.414 × 5
at
= 14  1.98 A
7.07
Ans: i. The frequency of the source is 50 Hz.

lic
ii. The rms current through the resistor is 1.98 A.
[3 Marks]
ub
Q.26. Solution:
Given: q = 1 μC = 10-6 C, 2l = 2 cm = 2 × 102 m
P
To find: i. Maximum torque ii. Work done in rotating dipole

Formulae: i. p = q × 2l ii. τ = pE sinθ
et
iii. W = pE (cosθ1 – cosθ2)

Calculation: From formula (i)
p = 106 × 2 × 102 = 2 × 108 Cm
rg
For maximum torque, θ = 90

τmax = p E sin 90°
Ta
= 2 × 108 × 105 × 1 = 2 × 103 Nm

As θ1 = 0 and θ2 = 180
W = pE (cos θ1 − cos θ2)
= 2 × 108 105  (cos 0 – cos180°)
= 2 × 103( 1 + 1 ) = 4 × 103 J
Ans: i. The maximum torque exerted by field on dipole is 2 × 103 Nm.
ii. Work done in rotating dipole is 4 × 103 J.
[3 Marks]
18

SECTION  D
Q.27. i. Let there be n moles of an ideal gas enclosed in a cubical box of volume V (= L3) with
sides of the box parallel to the coordinate axes, as shown in figure. The walls of the
box are kept at a constant temperature T.
ii. The gas molecules are in continuous random motion, colliding with each other and
hitting the walls of the box and bouncing back.
iii. As per one of the assumptions, we neglect intermolecular collisions and consider only
ns
elastic collisions with the walls.
z y
io

v
at
L
x
L

iv. A typical molecule moving with the velocity v , about to collide elastically with the
lic
shaded wall of the cube parallel to yz-plane.
v. During elastic collision, the component vx of the velocity will get reversed, keeping vy
ub
and vz components unaltered.
vi. Hence the change in momentum of the particle is only in the x component of the
momentum, Δpx is given by,
P
Δpx = final momentum  initial momentum

= (mvx)  (mvx) = 2 mvx .…(1)
et
vii. Thus, the momentum transferred to the wall during collision is + 2mvx. The re-bounced
molecule then goes to the opposite wall and collides with it.
rg
viii. After colliding with the shaded wall, the molecule travels to the opposite wall and
travels back towards the shaded wall again.
ix. This means that the molecule travels a distance of 2L in between two collisions.
Ta
x. As L is the length of the cubical box, the time for the molecule to travel back and
2L
forth to the shaded wall is t = .
vx
xi. Average force exerted on the shaded wall by molecule 1 is given as,
Average force = Average rate of change of momentum

2mvx1 mvx21
 Favg = = ….(2)
2L / vx1 L
where vx is the x component of the velocity of molecule 1.

1
19

xii. Considering other molecules 2, 3, 4 ... with the respective x components of velocities
vx2 , vx3 ,vx4 …., the total average force on the wall is,
m 2
Favg =
L 1

vx + vx22 + vx23 + ....  ….[From (2)]
 The average pressure

Average force m  vx21 + vx22 + .... 
P= =
Area of shaded wall L × L2
xiii. The average of the square of the x component of the velocities is given by,
vx21 + vx22 + vx23 + ....+vN2
vx2 =
N
ns
mNvx2
 P=
V
io
where vx2 is the average over all possible values of vx.
xiv. Now, v2 = vx2 + vy2 + vz2
at
1
By symmetry, vx2 = vy2 = vz2 = v 2 since the molecules have no preferred direction to move.
3
Therefore, average pressure lic
1 N
P= mv 2 .…(3)
3 V
[4 Marks]
ub
Q.28. i. a. Changing magnetic flux in a coil causes an induced emf.

b. The induced emf so produced opposes the change and hence the energy has to
P
be spent to overcome it to build up the magnetic field.

c. This energy may be recovered as heat in a resistance of the circuit.
et
di
d. The induced emf is given as, e = L
dt
e. The work done in moving a charge dq against this emf is,

rg
di di  dq
dW = edq = L dq = L
dt dt
Ta
 dq 
 dW = Lidi ….  =i
 dt 
Therefore total work,

i
1 2
W =  dW =  Lidi = Li = UB ….(1)
0 2
f. Equation (1) gives the energy stored (UB) in magnetic field and is analogous to
the energy stored (UE) in the electric field in a capacitor.
[2 Marks]
20

ii. Induced e.m.f. is given by formula,

e =  v × B  .l = vbl sin 
 
 
In given condition, the wire initially supported in east-west direction, when falls

towards the ground travels in north-south direction. Hence, velocity v is acting in the

north - south direction. Earth’s magnetism B also acts from the north pole to the
 
south pole. This makes v || B .
 sin  = 0  e=0
 The average induced e.m.f. in the wire will be zero. [2 Marks]
ns
SMART TIP
While calculating the emf induced, it is very crucial to consider the directions of the quantities
before calculating the magnitude.
io
Q.29. i. a. Consider the isothermal expansion of an ideal gas.
at
b. Let its initial volume be Vi and the final volume be Vf.
c. The work done in an infinitesimally small isothermal expansion is given by,
lic
dW = pdV
d. The total work done in bringing out the expansion from the initial volume Vi to
the final volume Vf is given by,
V
ub
f
W=  pdV ….(1)
V
i
e. But, for an ideal gas, pV = nRT. Using this in the equation (1) we get,
P
V
f
dV
W = nRT 
V V
i
Vf
et
 W = nRTln …..(2)
Vi
[2 Marks]
rg
ii. Solution:
Given: W = 104 kJ, Q = 125 kJ
Ta
To find: Change in internal energy (U)

Formula: U = |Q|  |W|
U = |Q| – |W|
 U = (125  104) = 21 kJ
Ans: Change in internal energy is 21 kJ.
[2 Marks]
21

Q.30. i. Relation between surface tension and surface energy:

a. Let ABCD be a rectangular frame of wire, fitted with a movable arm PQ.
A P P
D
F
F
dx l
C
B Q Q
b. The frame held in horizontal position is dipped into soap solution and taken out
ns
so that a soap film APQB is formed. Due to surface tension of soap solution, a
force ‘F’ will act on each arm of the frame. Under the action of this force, the
movable arm PQ moves towards AB.
io
c. Magnitude of force due to surface tension is,
F = 2Tl. ....( T = F/l)
at
(A factor of 2 appears because soap film has two surfaces which are in contact
with wire.) lic
d. Let the wire PQ be pulled outwards through a small distance ‘dx’ to the position
PQ, by applying an external force F isothermally, which is equal and opposite to
F. Work done by this force, dW = Fdx = 2Tldx.
ub
e. But, 2ldx = dA = increase in area of two surfaces of film.
 dW = T dA
f. This work done in stretching the film is stored in the area dA in the form of
P
potential energy (surface energy).

 Surface energy, E = T dA
et
E
 =T
dA
Hence,
rg
surface tension = surface energy per unit area.

g. Thus, surface tension is equal to the mechanical work done per unit surface area
of the liquid, which is also called as surface energy.
Ta
[2 Marks]
ii. Solution:
Given: T = 2.5 × 102 N/m,
Initial radius of bubble = 0 cm,
Final radius of bubble, r = 1 cm = 0.01 m
To find: Work down (W)
Formula: Work done = T  dA
22

Calculation: Initial surface area of bubble = 0

A soap bubble has two surfaces, outer surface and inner surface.
 Final surface area of soap bubble is,
A = 2  (4πr2) = 8πr2
 change in area = dA = A – 0 = 8πr2 = 8  3.142  0.012 = 0.00251 m2
= 0.251  102 m2
From formula,
 W = 2.5  102  0.251  102 = 6.275  105 J
ns
Ans: Work done in blowing a soap bubble to a radius of 1 cm is 6.275  105 J.
[2 Marks]
io
Q.31. i. Consider a bob (treated as a point mass) tied to a (practically) massless, inextensible
and flexible string.
at
ii. It is whirled along a vertical circle so that the bob performs a vertical circular motion
and the string rotates in a vertical plane.
lic TA A
T1 TH
mg sin  mg

(retardes)
mgcos
(accelerates)
mg T
TD= 3mgM+ TA
ub
O
C
TC = TD D
TB = 6mg + TA
mg
mg
T2
P
B  mgcos
mg sin  mg
et
iii. At any position of the bob, there are only two forces acting on the bob:
a. weight (mg), vertically downwards, which is constant
rg
b. the force due to the tension (T), directed along the string and towards the
centre. (Its magnitude changes periodically with time and location.)
iv. As the motion is non uniform, the resultant of these two forces is not directed
Ta
towards the centre except at the uppermost and the lowermost positions of the bob.
v. At all the other positions, part of the resultant is tangential and is used to change
the speed.
vi. Uppermost position (A):
a. Both, weight (mg) and force due to tension (TA) are downwards, i.e., towards
the centre. In this case, their resultant is used only as the centripetal force.
b. Thus, if vA is the speed at the uppermost point,
mvA2
mg + TA = ….(1)
r
23

c. For minimum possible speed at this point (or if the motion is to be realized with
minimum possible energy),TA = 0
 (vA)min = rg ….(2)
vii. Positions when the string is horizontal (C and D):
a. Force due to the tension is the only force towards the centre as weight mg is
perpendicular to the tension.
b. Thus, force due to the tension is the centripetal force used to change the direction
of the velocity and weight mg is used only to change the speed.
ns
c. At midway position (C), while coming down from the midway point to the
lowermost point, the vertical displacement is ‘r’.
Hence, the corresponding decrease in the gravitational P.E. is converted into K.E.
io
1 1
mgr = m vA2  mvC2
2 2
at
 vA2  vC2 = 2 gr
Since, vA= 5rg

vC2 = 5 rg  2 rg

lic
 (vc)min = 3rg
Similarly (vD) min = 3rg
ub
Similarly, TC  TA = TD  TA = 3 mg
viii. Lowermost position (B):
a. Force due to the tension, TB is vertically upwards, i.e., towards the centre, and
P
opposite to mg. In this case, their resultant is the centripetal force.

b. If vB is the speed at the lowermost point,
et
mvB2
TB – mg = ….(3)
r
c. While coming down from the uppermost to the lowermost point, the vertical
rg
displacement is 2r and the motion is governed only by gravity.
d. Hence the corresponding decrease in the gravitational potential energy is

Ta
converted into the kinetic energy.

1 1
 mg(2r) = mvB2  mvA2
2 2
 vB2  vA2 = 4rg ….(4)

From equation (2) and (4),
vB2 = 4rg + rg
 (vB)min = 5rg ….(5)
[4 Marks]
24
BOARD ANSWER PAPER: MARCH 2023
CHEMISTRY

SECTION A
3
Q.1. i. (C) r= a [1 Mark]
4
ii. (A) 1.585 × 10–3 mol dm3 [1 Mark]
pOH = 14 – pH = 14 – 11.2 = 2.8
ns
pOH = –log10[OH–]
 log10[OH–] = – pOH = – 2.8
= – 2 – 0.8 – 1 + 1
io
= – 3 + 0.2 = 3.2
[OH–] = Antilog10 3.2 = 1.585 × 10–3 mol dm3
at
2.303 Pi
iii. (B) k= × log10 [1 Mark]
t 2Pi - P
lic
iv. (B) 5.916 BM [1 Mark]
Mn2+ ion = [Ar] 3d5
 = n(n  2) BM
ub
= 5 5  2
= 5.916 BM
v. (C) [PtBr2(NH3)4]Br2 [1 Mark]
P
vi. (D) CH2 = CH – CH2 – X [1 Mark]

vii. (B) CH3 – CH = CH – CH2 – CH2 – OH [1 Mark]
et
viii. (C) acetone [1 Mark]

ix. (B) α-1,4-glycosidic linkage [1 Mark]
rg
x. (A) isoprene [1 Mark]
Q.2. i. The technique used to know geometry of nanoparticles is X-ray diffraction (XRD).
Ta
[1 Mark]
ii. Product formed by the action of LiAlH4/ether on acetamide is Ethanamine
(or ethylamine). [1 Mark]
iii.
Cl
dry ether
2 + 2Na  + 2NaCl
Chlorobenzene Biphenyl [1 Mark]
1

iv. Cryolite is Na3AlF6. [1 Mark]

v. The platinum complex used in the treatment of cancer is cisplatin. [1 Mark]
1
vi. The SI unit of cryoscopic constant is K kg mol . [1 Mark]
vii. The conditions for spontaneity in terms of Gibbs energy are:
a. ∆G < 0, the process is spontaneous.
b. ∆G > 0, the process is nonspontaneous.
c. ∆G = 0, the process is at equilibrium. [1 Mark]
viii. Solution:
ns
Conductivity (k) = 0.01 1 cm1, Concentration (c) = 0.5 M
Molar conductivity (∧) = 1000k = 1000  0.01 = 20 –1 cm2 mol–1
c 0.5
io
Ans: The molar conductivity of the BaCl2 solution is 20 –1 cm2 mol–1. [1 Mark]
at
SECTION B
Q.3.
lic
Differences between lanthanides and actinides:
Lanthanides (Lanthanoids) Actinides (Actinoids)

ub
i. In lanthanoids, last differentiating In actinoids, last differentiating
electron occupies 4f orbital. electron occupies 5f orbital.
ii. They are the elements of first They are the elements of second inner
P
inner transition series. transition series.

iii. They are present in period 6. They are present in period 7.
et
iv. Lanthanoids show a maximum Actinoids show oxidation states of

oxidation state of +4. +3, +4, +5, +6 and +7.
rg
v. Lanthanoids have less tendency to Actinoids have greater tendency to

form complexes. form complexes with ligands such as
thioethers.
Ta
vi. All lanthanoids are non-radioactive All actinoids are radioactive.

(except promethium).
vii. Lanthanoids do not form oxocations. Actinoids form oxocations such as UO+,
PuO+, NpO2 .
viii. Most of the lanthanoids are Most of the actinoids are coloured ions.
colourless on nature.
(Any four points) [2 Marks]
2

Board Answer Paper: March 2023
Q.4. Solution:
Given: Vapour pressure of pure benzene ( P10 ) = 640 mm Hg
Vapour pressure of solution (P1) = 600 mm Hg
To find: Mole fraction of solute (x2)
P10 P1
Formula: x2
P1
0
Calculation: Using the formula,

P10 P1
= x2
ns
P10
640 mmHg - 600 mmHg

 x2 =
640 mmHg
io
= 0.0625
Ans: The mole fraction of solute is 0.0625. [2 Marks]
at
Q.5. i. Green chemistry is the use of chemistry for pollution prevention by environmentally
lic
conscious design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use
or generation of hazardous substances. [1 Mark]
ii. Advantages of nanoparticles and nanotechnology:
ub
a. Revolution in electronics and computing.
b. Energy sector:
1. Nanotechnology will make solar power more economical.
P
2. Energy storage devices will become more efficient.

c. Medical field:
et
1. Manufacturing of smart drugs, helps cure faster and without side effects.
2. Curing of life threatening diseases like cancer and diabetes.
rg
(Any two points) [1 Mark]
Q.6. i. Substitutional impurity defect:

Ta
In this defect, the foreign atoms are found at the lattice sites in place of host
atoms. The regular atoms are displaced from their lattice sites by impurity atoms.
e.g.: Brass
Copper
Zinc
Brass
Substitution impurity defect
3

ii. Interstitial impurity defect:

In this defect, the impurity atoms occupy interstitial spaces of lattice structure.
e.g.: Steel
Iron
Carbon
Stainless steel
ns
Interstitial impurity defect
[2 Marks]
io
Q.7. i. Chlorobenzene is heated with fuming H2SO4:
Cl Cl Cl
at
SO3H
+ H2SO4 
Δ
 +
(fuming)
Chlorobenzene
lic SO3H
2-Chlorobenzene 4-Chlorobenzene
sulfonic acid sulfonic acid
ub
ii. Ethyl bromide is heated with silver acetate:
O O
Δ
CH3CH2  Br + Ag  O  C  CH3   CH3CH2  C  O  CH3 + AgBr
P
Ethyl bromide Silver acetate Ethyl acetate
[2 Marks]
et
Q.8. i. A solution containing a weak acid and its salts with strong base is called an acidic
rg
buffer solution.
ii. For PbI2,
PbI2(s) Pb(aq)
2+
+ 2I(aq)
-
Ta
x = 1, y = 2
 Ksp = xx yy Sx+y = (1)1 (2)2 S1+2 = 4S3
[2 Marks]
Q.9. i. Action of chloroform and caustic potash on ethylamine:

Ethylamine on heating with chloroform and KOH gives foul (offensive) smelling
product, ethyl isocyanide.
CH3  CH2  NH2 + CHCl3 + 3KOH 
Δ
 C2H5  NC + 3KCl + 3H2O
Ethylamine Chloroform Ethyl isocyanide
4

ii. Action of nitrous acid on ethylamine:

Ethylamine on reaction with nitrous acid forms aliphatic diazonium salt (very unstable
intermediate) which decomposes immediately by reaction with solvent water. Ethanol
is formed as the product of the reaction and nitrogen gas is liberated.
i. NaNO2 /HCl,273K
CH3 – CH2 – NH2 + HNO2  +  CH3 – CH2 – OH + N2 + HCl
ii.H3O
Ethylamine Ethanol
[2 Marks]
ns
Q.10. Solution:
Given: ECd
o
= –0.403V, ESn
o
= – 0.136 V
To find: Standard Gibbs energy change (ΔG) for cell reaction
io
Formulae: i. Ecell
o
= Ecathode
o
 Eanode
o
ii. ∆Go = – nFEcell

o
at
Calculation: Electrode reactions are
At anode: Cd(s)  Cd(aq)
lic 2+
+ 2e– (oxidation)
At cathode: Sn(aq)
2+
+ 2e–  Sn(s) (reduction)
Hence, Sn (aq)
2
 Sn(s) electrode is cathode and Cd(aq)
2+
Cd(s) anode.
Using formula (i),
ub
Ecell
o
= Ecathode
o
 Eanode
o
Ecell
o
= ESn
o
 ECd
o
=  0.136 V   0.403 V 
= 0.267 V.
P
Using formula (ii),

ΔG =  nFEcell
o
et
n = 2 mol e–
 
ΔG = 2 mole ×96500 C / mol e × 0.267 V
rg
= – 51531 V C = – 51531 J = – 51.53 kJ

Ans: The standard Gibbs energy change is – 51.53 kJ. [2 Marks]
Ta
Q.11. i. Preparation of glucose from sucrose:

H+
C12H22O11 + H2O 
Δ
 C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
Sucrose Glucose Fructose
ii. Structure of D-ribose:

5
O HO – CH2 O OH
HO – CH2 OH
H H OR 4
1
H H 3 2
OH OH D-Ribose OH OH
(present in RNA) [2 Marks]
5

Q.12. i. A property which depends on the amount of matter present in a system is called an
extensive property.
ii. When the gas expands in vacuum, there is no opposing force, that is, Pext = 0.
The work done by a system during such expansion is W = – Pext ∆V = 0.
[2 Marks]
Q.13. Preparation of nylon 6,6 polymer:

O O
- - + +
ns
n HOOC  (CH2)4 COOH + n H2N – (CH2)6 – NH2  n[ O – C ( CH2 )4 C  OH3 N ( CH2)6 NH 3 ]
(adipic acid) (hexamethylene (nylon salt)
diamine)
io
O O H
553 K High pressure
n H2O
 [ C  (CH2)4 – C – NH (CH2)6 – N ] n
at
(nylon 6,6)
lic [2 Marks]
Q.14. i. Chloric acid, HClO3
O
O
ub
H Cl
O
ii. Peroxydisulphuric acid, H2S2O8

P
SMART TIP
O O Remember that in peroxydisulphuric acid,
the two sulphur atoms are bonded by a
S S
et
O O–O O
peroxide linkage (–O–O–).
OH OH
[2 Marks]
rg
SECTION C
Ta
Q.15. i. The net spontaneous flow of solvent molecules into the solution or from more dilute
solution to more concentrated solution through a semipermeable membrane is called
osmosis.
ii. Determination of molar mass of non-volatile solute by elevation of boiling point:
a. The boiling point elevation is directly proportional to the molality of the
solution. Thus,
Tb = Kb m ….(1)
6

b. Suppose we prepare a solution by dissolving W2 g of solute in W1 g of solvent.
Moles of solute in W1 g of solvent = W2

M2
where, M2 is the molar mass of solute.

Mass of solvent = W1 g
W1 g W1
= = kg
1000 g / kg 1000
c. The molality is expressed as,
ns
Moles of solute
m=
Mass of solvent in kg
W2 / M2 mol
m=
io
W1 / 1000 kg
1000W2
m= mol kg–1 ….(2)
at
M2W1
d. Substituting equation (2) in equation (1), we get,

lic
1000KbW2
ΔTb =
M2W1
Hence,
ub
1000 KbW2
M2 =
ΔTbW1
[3 Marks]
P
Q.16. i. Ethyl alcohol into ethyl acetate:

et
O O
C2H5 – OH + HO – C –CH3 

Conc.H2SO4
 CH3 – C – OC2H5 + H2O
rg
Ethanol Acetic acid Ethyl acetate
OR
O O
Ta
C2H5 – OH + Cl – C –CH3 

pyridine
 CH3 – C – OC2H5 + HCl
Ethanol Acetyl chloride Ethyl acetate
ii. Phenol into benzene:

OH
+ Zn  + ZnO
Phenol Benzene
7

iii. Diethyl ether into ethyl chloride:

CH3 – CH2 – O – CH2 – CH3 + PCl5 
Δ
 2 CH3 – CH2 – Cl +
Diethyl ether Ethyl chloride
[3 Marks]
Q.17. Solution:
Given: Percent dissociation = 10%,
Concentration (c1) = 0.05 M,
ns
Concentration (c2) = 0.15 M
To find: Percent dissociation in 0.15 M solution
Formulae: i. Ka = 2 c ii. Percent dissociation =  × 100
io
Calculation: If 1 and 2 are the values of degree of dissociation at two different
concentrations c1 and c2 respectively, then
at
Ka = α12c1 α22c2
 α12c1 = α22c2 lic
1 = 10 = 0.10
100
 (0.10)2 × 0.05 = α22 × 0.15

ub
0.10 2 × 0.05
α22 = = 0.00333
0.15
Hence, 2 = 0.0577
P
 Percent dissociation in 0.15 M solution = 0.0577 × 100 = 5.77%

Ans: Percent dissociation in 0.15 M solution is 5.77%. [3 Marks]
et
Q.18. i. Dehydrohalogenation reaction of 2-chlorobutane:

rg
a. When 2-chlorobutane is boiled with alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide

(KOH), it undergoes elimination of hydrogen atom from β-carbon and chlorine
atom from -carbon resulting in the formation of an alkene.
Ta
loss of 2–hydrogen
CH3  CH2  CH = CH2
β1  β2 But-1-ene
Alc. KOH
H3C  CH2  CH  CH3 (Minor)

Cl loss of 1–hydrogen
H3C  CH = CH  CH3
2-Chlorobutane
But-2-ene
(Major)
b. In 2-chlorobutane, there are two non-equivalent β-hydrogen atoms (shown by 1

and 2).
8

c. Saytzeff elimination is preferred formation of more highly stabilized alkene

during an elimination reaction.
d. Therefore, in the above reaction but-2-ene is the preferred product, and is
formed as the major product.
ii. Uses of CFCs: CFCs are used,
a. as refrigerants in fridge and air-conditioning, propellants in aerosol and
solvents.
b. as blowing agents in making foams and packing materials.
ns
iii. Environmental effects of CFCs:
CFCs are responsible for ozone depletion in stratosphere.
[3 Marks]
io
Q.19. Solution:
at
Given: Amount of ideal gas = n = 2000 mmol = 2 mol
Initial volume = V1 = 20 L
lic
Final volume = V2 = 30 L
Gas constant = R = 8.314 J K–1 mol–1
To find: Work done (Wmax)
ub
V2
Formula: Wmax = – 2.303 nRT log10
V1

P
V2
Wmax = –2.303 nRT log10
V1
et
30
= –2.303 × 2 mol × 8.314 J K–1 mol–1 × 300 K × log10
20
= –2.303 × 2 × 8.314 J × 300 × log10 1.5

rg
= –2.303 × 2 × 8.314 J × 300 × 0.1761

= –2023 J
Ta
= –2.023 kJ
Ans: The maximum work done is –2.023 kJ. [3 Marks]
Q.20. i. When small atoms like hydrogen, carbon or nitrogen are trapped in the interstitial
spaces within the crystal lattice, the compounds formed are called interstitial
compounds.
9

ii. Alloys are classified as ferrous and nonferrous alloys.

a. Ferrous alloys have atoms of other elements distributed randomly in atoms of
iron in the mixture. As percentage of iron is more, they are termed ferrous
alloys.
e.g. Nickel steel, chromium steel, stainless steel etc. All steels have 2% carbon.
b. Nonferrous alloys are formed by mixing atoms of transition metal other than
iron with a non-transition element.
e.g. Brass, which is an alloy of copper and zinc.
ns
[3 Marks]
Q.21. i. Diagram of H2 – O2 fuel cell:
io
H 2O
(anode) (cathode)
– +
at
H2(g)
lic O2(g)
Aqueous
KOH
ub
H2 – O2 fuel cell
[2 Marks]
ii. Applications of fuel cells:
P
a. The fuel cells are used on experimental basis in automobiles.

b. The fuel cells are used for electrical power in the space programme.
et
c. In space crafts, the fuel cell is operated at such a high temperature that the
water evaporates at the same rate as it is formed. The vapour is condensed and
rg
pure water formed is used for drinking by astronauts.

d. In future, fuel cells can possibly be explored as power generators in hospitals,
hotels and homes.
Ta
(Any two applications) [1 Mark]
Q.22. [CoF6]3– complex:

Oxidation state of central metal Co is +3.
Valence shell electronic configuration of Co3+ is represented:
3d 4s 4p
    
10

Complex is high spin that means pairing of electrons will not take place prior to
hybridisation.
Configuration after complex formation:
3d 4s 4p 4d
          
sp3d2
i. Hybridisation:The hybridisation involved is sp3d2.
ns
ii. Magnetic properties: The complex ion has four unpaired electrons and hence, it is
paramagnetic.
iii. Inner/Outer complex: The d orbitals participating in hybridisation for this complex
io
are nd. Therefore, it is an outer orbital complex.
iv. Geometry: The complex is octahedral.
at
[3 Marks]
Q.23. i.
lic
A reaction which is expected to be of higher order follows the first order kinetics.
Such a reaction is said to be pseudo-first order reaction.
ii. Integrated rate law equation for zero order reaction:
ub
For zero order reaction, A  P
the differential rate law is given by
d[A]
rate =  = k[A]0 = k …(1)
P
[A]
Rearrangement of Eq. (1) gives

et
d[A] = k dt …( [A]0 = 1)

Integration between the limits
rg
[A] = [A]0 at t = 0 and [A] = [A]t at t = t gives

[A]t t
d[A] = k dt
[A]0 0
Ta
or [A]t  [A]0 =  kt
Hence, kt = [A]0  [A]t …(2)
[3 Marks]
Q.24. Aldol condensation:

i. Aldehydes containing at least one –hydrogen atom undergo a reaction in presence of
dilute alkali (dilute NaOH, KOH or Na2CO3) as catalyst to form β-hydroxy aldehydes
(aldol). This reaction is known as aldol reaction.
11

ii. Formation of aldol is an addition reaction.

iii. Aldol formed from aldehyde having -hydrogens undergoes subsequent elimination of
water molecule on warming. This gives rise to ,β-unsaturated aldehyde.
iv. The overall reaction is called aldol condensation. It is a nucleophilic addition-
elimination reaction.
v. Aldol condensation of ethanal:
H
    
Δ
H – C – C – H + H – CH2 – C – H 
dil.NaOH
 H3C – CH – CH – CHO 
-H2O
 H3C – CH = CH – CHO
ns
H O O OH H
Ethanal Ethanal 3-Hydroxybutanal But-2-enal
(an Aldol)
io
[3 Marks]
at
Q.25. Anomalous behaviour of oxygen:
i. Atomicity: Oxygen is a diatomic molecule (O2) while others are polyatomic molecules
lic
such as P4, S8.
ii. Magnetic property: Oxygen is paramagnetic while others are diamagnetic.
iii. Oxidation state: Oxygen shows –2, –1, and +2 oxidation states while other elements
ub
show –2, +2, +4, +6 oxidation states. Oxygen cannot exhibit higher oxidation state due
to absence of vacant d orbitals.
[3 Marks]
P
Q.26. i. a. Acetic acid into acetic anhydride:

et
O O
P2O5 /Δ
2CH3COOH   CH3 – C – O – C – CH3 + H2O
rg
Acetic acid Acetic anhydride [1 Mark]

b. Acetic acid into ethyl alcohol:
dry ether
CH3 – COOH + LiAlH4 CH3 – CH2OH
Ta
Acetic acid Ethyl alcohol

[1 Mark]
ii. Methylphenylamine:
IUPAC name: N-Methylaniline or N-Methylbenzenamine
Structure:
NH – CH3
[1 Mark]
12

SECTION D
Q.27. i. Solution:
For a first order reaction,
2.303 [A]0
t= log10
k [A]t
a. Time taken for 99.9% completion:

Let the time taken for 99.9% completion of the reaction be t99.9%.
ns
Let initial concentration, [A]0 = a
 99.9 
Then final concentration, [A]t = a  99.9% of a = a   × a  = 0.001a
 100 
io
2.303 [A]0
t99.9% = log10
k [A]t
at
2.303 a
= log10
k 0.001a
lic
2.303
= log10 1000 .....(1)
k
b. Time taken for 90% completion:

ub
Let the time taken for 90% completion of the reaction be t90%.
Let initial concentration, [A]0 = a
Then, final concentration, [A]t = a  90% of a
P
 90 
= a  × a
 100 
et
= 0.1a
2.303 [A]0 2.303 a

t90% = log10 = log10
k [A]t k 0.1a
rg
2.303
= log10 10 .....(2)
k
Ta
Dividing (1) by (2), we get
2.303
t99.9% log10 1000 log10 1000 3
= k = =
t90% 2.303 log10 10 1
log10 10
k
t99.9%
 =3
t90%
 t99.9% = 3 t90%
13

Ans: Therefore, for a first order reaction, the time required for 99.9% completion is
3 times of that required for 90% completion.
[2 Marks]
ii. Gadolinium (Gd, Z = 64) = [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2 [1 Mark]
iii. Carbon black is a nanostructured material that is used in car tyres to increase the
life of tyres. [1 Mark]
Q.28. i. Relationship between ΔH and ΔU for gaseous reaction:
ns
a. At constant pressure, ΔH and ΔU are related as
ΔH = ΔU + PΔV …(1)
b. For reactions involving gases, ΔV cannot be neglected. Therefore,
io
ΔH = ΔU + PΔV
= ΔH + P(V2 – V1)
at
ΔH = ΔU + PV2 – PV1 …(2)
where, V1 is the volume of gas phase reactants and V2 that of the gaseous
lic
products.
c. We assume reactant and product behave ideally. Applying ideal gas equation,
PV = nRT. Suppose that n1 moles of gaseous reactants produce n2 moles of
ub
gaseous products. Then,
PV1 = n1RT and PV2 = n2RT …(3)
d. Substitution of equation (3) into equation (2) yields
P
ΔH = ΔU + n2RT – n1RT
= ΔU + (n2 – n1) RT
et
= ΔU + Δng RT …(4)
where, Δng is difference between the number of moles of products and those of
rg
reactants. [2 Marks]
ii. The process by which a network of cross links is introduced into an elastomer is called
vulcanization. [1 Mark]
Ta
iii. The bond that connects α-amino acids to each other is called peptide bond
(CO NH). [1 Mark]
Q.29. i. Solution:
Given: Edge length (a) = 400 pm = 4.00  108 cm
SMART TIP
Atomic mass of Ag = M = 108 g mol1
Remember to convert edge
To find: Density (ρ) length from pm to cm before
substituting in the density
Mn
Formula: Density (ρ) = formula.
a3 NA
14

Calculation: For an fcc lattice, number of atoms per unit cell is 4.

 n=4
From formula,
Mn
Density, ρ = 3
a NA
108 g mol1 × 4 atom

 ρ=
 4.00 × 10 
8 3
cm3 × 6.022 × 1023 atom mol1
= 11.2 g/cm3
ns
Ans: Density of silver is 11.2 g/cm3. [2 Marks]
ii. Haloform reaction:
a. This reaction is given by acetaldehyde, all methyl ketones (CH3–CO–R) and all
io
alcohols containing CH3(CHOH)– group.
b. When an alcohol or methyl ketone is warmed with sodium hydroxide and iodine, a
at
yellow precipitate is formed. Here the reagent sodium hypoiodite is produced in
situ. lic
c. During the reaction, sodium salt of carboxylic acid is formed which contains one
carbon atom less than the substrate.
d. The methyl group is converted into haloform (CHX3).
ub
e.g. Acetone is oxidized by sodium hypoiodite to give sodium salt of acetic acid and
yellow precipitate of iodoform.
O O
P
NaOH/I2
CH3CCH3 + 3NaOI Δ
 CH3CONa+ + CHI3 + 2NaOH
Acetone Sodium Sodium Iodoform
acetate
et
hypoiodite
[2 Marks]
rg
Q.30. i. Distereoisomers (geometric isomers or diastereomers) are stereoisomers that are

nonsuperimposable, non-mirror images of each other. Cis and trans types of
Ta
arrangements of ligands in heteroleptic complexes result in these isomers. [1 Mark]

+
ii. Cis-trans isomers of [Co(NH3)4Cl2] :
+ +
Cl Cl
H3N Cl H3N NH3
Co Co
H3N NH3 H3N NH3
NH3 Cl
cis isomer trans isomer

[1 Mark]
15

iii. A reference electrode is defined as an electrode whose potential is arbitrarily

taken as zero or is exactly known. [1 Mark]
iv. Ozone bleaches in absence of moisture.
O3  [O] + O2
Coloured matter + [O]  Colourless matter
So, bleaching action of ozone is also called dry bleach. [1 Mark]
Q.31. i. Dow process: In this process, chlorobenzene is fused with NaOH at high
ns
temperature and pressure (623K and 150 atm) followed by treatment with dilute HCl
to obtain phenol.
– +
io
Cl O Na OH
NaOH 
 +
H3O
623 K/150 atm
at
Chlorobenzene Sodium Phenol
phenoxide
lic [1 Mark]
ii. Action of bromine water on phenol:
Phenol reacts with aqueous solution of bromine to give 2,4,6-tribromophenol.
OH OH
ub
Br Br
+ 3Br2 
H2O
 + 3HBr
Phenol
Br
P
2,4,6-tribromophenol
[1 Mark]
iii. Group 15 elements have extra stable, half-filled p-orbitals with outer electronic
et
configuration (ns2np3). Therefore, more amount of energy is required to remove an

electron compared to that of the partially filled orbitals (ns2np4) of group 16
rg
elements of the corresponding period. Hence, group 16 elements have lower ionization
enthalpy compared to group 15 elements. [1 Mark]
iv. Uses of dioxygen:
Ta
a. Dioxygen is important for respiration to sustain animal and aquatic life.

b. It is used in the manufacture of steel.
c. It is used in oxyacetylene flame for welding and cutting of metals.
d. Oxygen cylinders are widely used in hospitals, high altitude flying and
mountaineering.
e. It is used in combustion of fuels.
e.g. Hydrazine in liquid oxygen provides tremendous thrust (energy) in rockets.
(Any two uses) [1 Mark]
16
Board Answer Paper: MARCH 2023
MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS

SECTION − A
Q.1. i. (B) T, F [2 Marks]

π
ii. (B) [2 Marks]
3
iii. (C) 6 [2 Marks]

iv. (A) (2, 2) [2 Marks]
v. (D) 1 [2 Marks]
1 3
vi. (A) sin3x + sinx + c [2 Marks]
12 4
vii. (A) x = ect [2 Marks]

20
viii. (A) [2 Marks]
9
Explanation:
i. p∧q≡T∧F≡F
p→q≡T→F≡F
∴ Option (B) is the correct answer.
ii. c2 + a2 – b2 = ac …(i)[Given]
2 2 2
By cosine rule, we have b = c + a – 2ca cos B
c2 + a2 − b2 ac
∴ cos B = = …[From (i)]
2ac 2ac
1
∴ cos B =
2
π
∴ ∠B =
3
iii. If A = (1, 2, 0), B = (1, 0, 2) and C = (0, 3, 1), then
AB = −2j + 2k and AC = − i + j + k

1
Area of triangle = AB × AC
2
i j k
AB × AC = 0 −2 2 = −4i − 2j − 2k
−1 1 1
∴ AB × AC = 16 + 4 + 4 = 24 = 2 6
2 6
∴ Area of triangle = = 6 sq. units
2
1

iv. z = 3x + 2y
At (0, 10), z = 3(0) + 2(10) = 20
At (2, 2), z = 3(2) + 2(2) = 10
At (4, 0), z = 3(4) + 2(0) = 12
The minimum value of z is 10 and it occurs at (2, 2).
v. log (x + y) = 2xy …(i)

Differentiating w. r. t. x, we get
ns
1
(1 + y ) = 2(xy  + y)
x+y
 1 + y  = 2x (x + y) y  + 2y (x + y) …(ii)
io
Substituting x = 0 in (i), we get
log (0 + y) = 0
at
 y(0) = 1
Substituting x = 0, y = 1 in (ii), we get
lic
1 + y (0) = 0 + 2(1) (0 + 1)
 y (0) = 2 – 1 =1
ub
cos3x + 3cosx
vi.  cos x dx = 
3
dx …  cos 3A = 4cos3 A-3cos A
4
1  sin3x 
=  + 3sinx  + c
4 3 
P
sin3x 3
= + sin x + c
12 4
et
dx xlogx
vii. =
dt t
rg
dx dt
 =
xlogx t
Integrating on both sides, we get

Ta
dx dt
 xlogx =  t
 log |log x| = log |t| + log |c|
 log |log x| = log |ct|

 log x = ct
 x = ect
22


x 4x
5 4
viii. Comparing P(X = x) = 4Cx   ×   with
9 9
P(X = x) = nCx px qn – x, we get

5 4
n = 4, p = ,q=
9 9
5 20
E(X) = np = 4  =
9 9
Q.2. i. Equation of X-axis is y = 0.

Equation of Y-axis is x = 0.
ns
 The joint equation of co-ordinate axes is xy = 0. [1 Mark]
ii. cu = ci + 2cj + 3ck
io
cu = 3
 c2 + 4c2 + 9c2 = 3
at
 |c| 14 = 3
3
 c=± [1 Mark]
14
lic
cosx
iii.  cotx dx =  sinx dx
ub
 f  x  
= log |sin x| + c …   dx = log f  x  + c [1 Mark]
 f x  
P
iv. Since the given differential equation cannot be expressed as a polynomial in

differential coefficients, the degree is not defined. [1 Mark]
et
SECTION  B
rg
Q.3. Let p : x < y

q : x2 < y2
 The given statement is p  q.
Ta
Its inverse is ~p  ~q.

If x  y then x2  y2.
Its contrapositive is ~q  ~p.

If x2  y2 then x  y. [2 Marks]
3

x 0 0
Q.4. Α = 0 y 0 = x (yz)  0 + 0 = xyz  0
0 0 z
when x  0, y  0, z  0
Since A is a non-singular matrix, A1 exists.
Consider AA1 = I
x 0 0   1 0 0
 0 y 0  A1 = 0 1 0 
   
0 0 z  0 0 1 
æ1ö æ ö
1 æ1 ö
Applying R1 ççç ÷÷÷ R1, R2 ççç ÷÷÷ R2 and R3 ççç ÷÷÷ R3, we get
ns
èxø çè y ÷ø èz ø
1 
 0 0
 1 0 0 x 
io
0 1 0  A1  1 
  = 0 0
y
0 0 1   
 1
0 0 
at
 z
1 
 0 0
x 
 A1

= 0
1
y

0
lic
 
 1
0 0 
 z
ub
2 0 0 x 0 0 
Comparing 0 1 0  with 0 y 0  ,
 0 0 1  0 0 z 
P
we get x = 2, y = 1, z = 1
1 1 1 1
 = , = 1, = 1
x 2 y z
et
1 
2 0 0
2 0 0
   
Hence, the inverse of 0 1 0  is  0 1 0 . [2 Marks]
rg
 0 0 1  0 0 1
 
 
Ta
π
Q.5. (r, )   2,  …[Given]
 4 
Using x = r cos  and y = r sin , where (x, y) are the required cartesian co-ordinates,
we get
π π
x= 2 cos   and y = 2 sin  
4 4
 1   1 
 x = 2   and y = 2  
 2  2
 x = 1 and y = 1
 The required cartesian co-ordinates are (1, 1). [2 Marks]
44

Q.6. If h2 = ab, then the lines represented by the equation ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 are
coincident.
 The slopes of the lines will be equal.
 The ratio of their slopes = 1 : 1 [2 Marks]
Q.7. 5a + 3b  8c = 0
 8c=5a + 3b
5a + 3b
 c=
ns
8
3b + 5a
 c=
3+5
 By the section formula,
io
point C divides the line segment AB internally in the ratio 3 : 5. [2 Marks]
at
Q.8.
Given inequalities lic 2x + 3y  6 x+y2
Corresponding equalities 2x + 3y = 6 x+y=2
Intersection of line with X-axis (3, 0) (2, 0)
Intersection of line with Y-axis (0, 2) (0, 2)
ub
Origin test 2(0) + 3(0)  6 0+02
i.e., 0  6 i.e., 0  2
which is true which is false
P
Region Origin side of the line Nonorigin side of the line
x  0, y  0 represents 1st quadrant.

et
The shaded portion ABC represents the feasible solution.
Y
rg
Ta
4
3
C(0, 2)
2
1
B(3, 0)
X X
O 1 2 3 4
A(2, 0) 2x + 3y = 6
Y x+y=2
The corner points of the feasible region are A(2, 0), B(3, 0) and C(0, 2).
[2 Marks]
5

Q.9. f(x) = x3 + 10x + 7

 f  (x) = 3x2 + 10
Here, 3x2 ≥ 0 for all x  R and 10 > 0
 3x2 + 10 > 0
 f (x) > 0 for all x  R
Thus, f(x) is a strictly increasing function for all x  R. [2 Marks]
π
2
Q.10. Let I =  1  cos4x dx
ns
0
π
2
 A
=  2sin2 2x dx …  1  cosA= 2sin2 
0  2
io
π
2
= 2  sin2x dx
0
π
at
  cos2x  2
= 2 
 2 0
2
=  (cos  – cos 0)
2
lic
2
=  (–1 – 1)
2
 I= 2 [2 Marks]
ub
4
Q.11. Required area =  y dx Y
1
x=1 x=4
P
4
=  4x dx
1
4 1
= 2  x 2 dx
et
1
X X
 3
4
O
 x2 
= 2 
3
rg
  y2 = 4x
 2 1
3 3
4 2 
=  4  12  Y
3
Ta
4
=  8  1
3
4 28
= 7  = sq. units [2 Marks]
3 3
Q.12. cos x  cos y dy  sin x  sin y dx = 0

 cos x  cos y dy = sin x  sin y dx
cos y sinx
 dy = dx
sin y cosx
66

 cot y dy =  tan x dx
 log |sin y| = log |cos x| + log |c|
 log |sin y| + log |cos x| = log |c|
 log |sin y cos x| = log |c|
 sin y cos x = c [2 Marks]
ns
Q.13. The sample space of the experiment is S = {1, 2, 3, …, 15}.
Let X denote the number selected.
Then X is a random variable which can take values 1, 2, 3, …, 15.
io
Each number selected is equiprobable.
1
 P(1) = P(2) = P(3) = … = P(15) =
at
15
15
 E(X) =  x .P  x 
i i
i =1
=1
1
+2
1
+3
lic
1
+ … + 15 
1
15 15 15 15
1
= (1 + 2 + 3 + … + 15) 
15
ub
 15 ×16  1
=   
 2  15
=8 [2 Marks]
P
Q.14. Required area = area of the region OPRO

et
= 2(area of the region OPQO)

4
= 2  x dy Y
y = x2
rg
0
4
= 2  y dy Q
y=4
0
R P
4
Ta
 3
 y2 
= 2 
3
 
 2 0 X X
3
O
4 
= 4  0
2
3  Y
4
= (8)
3
32
= sq. units [2 Marks]
3
7

SECTION  C
Q.15. sin  + sin 3 + sin 5 = 0

 (sin 5 + sin ) + sin 3 = 0
 5θ + θ   5θ  θ 
 2sin   cos   + sin 3 = 0
 2   2 
 2sin 3 cos 2 + sin 3 = 0

 sin 3 (2cos 2 + 1) = 0
ns
1
 sin 3 = 0 or cos 2 = 
2
2π
 sin 3 = 0 or cos 2 = cos
3
io
Since sin  = 0 implies  = n and cos  = cos  implies  = 2n ± , n  Z
2π
 3 = n or 2 = 2n ± ,nZ
at
3
nπ π
 The required general solution is  = or  = n ± , where n  Z. [3 Marks]
3 3
lic
π π
Q.16. Let sin–1 x = , where x  [–1, 1] and     , 
 2 2
π π
–     , 
ub

 2 2
π
 –   [0, ], which is the principal domain of the cosine function.
2
π
P
cos   θ  = sin 
2 
π
 cos   θ  = x
2
et
 
π
 cos–1 x= –
2
π
rg
  + cos–1 x =
2
π
 sin–1 x + cos–1 x = [3 Marks]
Ta
Q.17. Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of the lines represented by the equation
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0.
2h a
 m1 + m2 = and m1m2 =
b b
 (m1  m2)2 = (m1 + m2)2 – 4m1m2
2
  2h 
  a
=    4b
 b   
4h2 4ab 4h2  4ab 4 h  ab 
2
=  2 = =
b2
b b 2
b2
88

2 h2  ab
 m1  m2 = ±
b
As  is the acute angle between the lines,

m1  m2
tan  =
1 + m1 m2
2 h2  ab
±
b a
= ,  1
a b
1+
b
2 h2  ab
= ,a+b0
ns
a+b
[3 Marks]
io
Q.18. Let L1 and L2 be the two lines with direction ratios –2, 1, –1 and –3, – 4, 1 respectively.
Let the direction ratios of the vector perpendicular to L1 and L2 be a, b, c.
at
 –2a + b – c = 0 and –3a – 4b + c = 0
a b c
 = =
1 1 2 1 2 1
4 1 3 1 3  4
lic
a b c
 = =
1  4 2  3 8 +3
a b c
ub
 = =
3 5 11
 The direction ratios of the vector are –3, 5, 11. [3 Marks]
P
Q.19.   
The vector equations of given lines are r= i + 2j + 3k +  2i + 3j + 4k 
  
and r = 2i + 4j + 5k + μ 3i + 4j + 5k 
et
The shortest distance between the lines r =a1 + b1 and r =a2 + μb2 is
a 2 
 a1  b1 × b2 
b1 × b2
rg
Here, a1 = i + 2j + 3k , a2 =2i + 4j + 5k , b1 =2i + 3j + 4k , b2 =3i + 4j + 5k
    
a2  a1 = 2i + 4j + 5k  i + 2j + 3k = i + 2j + 2k
Ta
i j k
and b1 × b2 = 2 3 4 = i 15 - 16  j 10  12  + k  8  9  = - i + 2j  k
3 4 5
 a 2       
 a1 × b1 × b2 = i + 2j + 2k × i + 2j  k = 1  1  + 2 2  + 2  1  = 1 + 4  2 = 1
 1 + 2 +  1

2 2 2
and b1 × b2 = = 1 + 4 +1 = 6
1 1
 Shortest distance between the given lines = = unit [3 Marks]
6 6
9

Q.20.        
The given lines r = iˆ + jˆ  kˆ +  2iˆ  2 jˆ + kˆ and r = 4iˆ  3jˆ + 2kˆ + μ iˆ  2jˆ + 2kˆ are coplanar.
The equation of the plane determined by the lines r =a1 + b1 and r =a2 + μb2 is
 r  a  × b
1 1 
× b2 = 0

Here, a1 = i + j  k,
 b2 = i  2j + 2k
b1 = 2i  2j + k,
i j k
Now, b1 × b2 = 2 2 1 = i  4 + 2  j 4  1 + k   4 + 2 =  2i  3j  2k
1 2 2
   
ns
and a1 × b1 × b2  = i + j  k × 2i  3j  2k = 1(–2) + 1(–3) – 1(–2) = –2 – 3 + 2 = –3
The equation of the plane determined by the given lines is

 
r × b1 × b2 = a1 × b1 × b2 
io
  
r ×  2i  3j  2k = –3
 r × 2i + 3j + 2k  = 3 [3
at
Marks]
Q.21. y= tanx + tanx + tanx + ....

lic …(i)
 y2 = tan x + tanx + tanx + ....
 y2 = tan x + y …[From (i)]
ub
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dy dy
2y = sec2 x +
dx dx
P
dy
 (2y – 1) = sec2 x
dx
dy sec2 x
 =
et
dx 2y  1
When x = 0, y = 0 …[From (i)]

rg
 dy  sec2 0 1
  dx  = = =–1 [3
  0, 0  2  0   1 0 1
Marks]
Ta
Q.22. Let f(x) = sin x

 f (x) = cos x
o
1
x = 3030 = 30 + 30 = 30 +   = a + h
2
Here, a = 30
o
1 0.0175
and h =   = = 0.00875
2 2
1
f(a) = f(30) = sin 30 = = 0.5
2
10
10

f (a) = f (30) = cos 30 = 0.866

f(a + h)  f(a) + hf (a)
 sin (3030)  0.5 + (0.00875)(0.866)
 0.5 + 0.0075775
 sin (3030)  0.5075775 [3 Marks]
Q.23. Let I =  xtan 1 x dx

=   tan x  x dx
1
ns
 d 
= tan–1x  x dx     tan 1 x   x dx  dx
 dx 
x2 1 x2
= tan 1 x ×  × dx
io
2 1+x 2
2
1 2 1 x2
= x tan 1 x   dx
2 2 1 + x2
at
1 2 1 1 + x2  1
= x tan 1 x   dx
2 2 1 + x2
1 2 1  1 
= x tan 1x    1   dx
2
lic
2  1 + x2 
1 2 1
= x tan 1 x   x  tan 1x  + c
2 2
ub
1 2 1 1
 I= x tan 1 x  x + tan 1 x + c [3 Marks]
2 2 2
P
dy
Q.24. = e2ycosx
dx
et
dy
 = cos x dx
e2y
 e–2y dy = cos x dx
rg
e
2y
dy =  cosx dx
Ta
e 2y
 = sin x + c …(i)
2
π
When x = , y = 0, we have
6
e0 π
= sin + c
2 6
1 1
  = +c
2 2
 c = –1
Substituting c = –1 in (i), we get
11

e 2y
= sin x – 1
2
 – e–2y = 2sin x – 2
 e2y(2sin x – 2) + 1 = 0, which is the required particular solution. [3 Marks]
1
Q.25. a. P(X < 1) =  f x  dx
2
1
x +2
=  dx
2
18
ns
1
1  x2 
=  + 2x 
18  2  2
1  1    2   
2
=  + 2    + 2  2   
io
18  2   2 
 
1 5 
=  + 2
at
18  2 
1 9
= ×
18 2
=
1
4
lic
b. P(|X| < 1) = P(–1 < X < 1)
ub
1
=  f  x  dx
1
1
x +2
=  dx
18
P
1
1
1  x2 
=  + 2x 
18  2  1
et
1  1  1 
=  + 2     2  
18  2  2 
1 5 3
=
rg
 + 
18  2 2 
1
= 4
18
Ta
2
=
9
[3 Marks]
Q.26. Let X denote the number of odd numbers.

3 1
P(getting an odd number) = p = =
6 2
1 1
 q=1–p=1– =
2 2
Given, n = 6
12
12


 1
 X ~ B  6, 
 2 
The p.m.f. of X is given by

x 6 x
P(X = x) = 6Cx  1   1  , x = 0, 1, 2, …, 6
2   2
 P(at least 5 successes) = P(X  5)

= P(X = 5 or X = 6)
= P(X = 5) + P(X = 6)
ns
5 6
1 1 1
= 6C5     + 6C6  
2 2 2
6 1 7
= + 6= [3 Marks]
26
2 64
io
SECTION  D
at
Q.27. Let p : The switch S1 is closedlic
q : The switch S2 is closed
~p : The switch S1 is closed or the switch S1 is open
~q : The switch S2 is closed or the switch S2 is open
ub
The logical expression for the given circuit is p  (~p  ~q)  q.
Consider,
p  (~p  ~q)  q
P
≡ [p  (~p  ~q)]  q …[Associative law]

≡ [(p  ~p)  (p  ~q)]  q …[Distributive law]
et
≡ [F  (p  ~q)]  q …[Complement law]

≡ (p  ~q)  q …[Identity law]
≡ p  (~q  q) …[Associative law]
rg
≡pF …[Complement law]

≡F …[Identity law]
Ta
Conclusion: The lamp will not glow irrespective of the status of the switches.
[4 Marks]
 1 2
Q.28. A=  
3 4 
A11 = (–1)1 + 1 (4) = 4
A12 = (–1)1 + 2 (3) = –3
A21 = (–1)2 + 1 (2) = –2
A22 = (–1)2 + 2 (1) = 1
13

A A  4 2
adj A =  11 21
 =  3
A12 A22   1 
1 2   4 2  4  6 2 + 2   2 0 
 A(adj A) =   = 12  12 6 + 4  = …(i)
3 4   3 1   
 0 2
 
4 2  1 2   4  6 8  8   2 0 
(adj A) A =  = = …(ii)
 3 1  3 4   3 + 3 6 + 4   0 2
1 2  1 0  1 0   2 0 
and |A| I =   = ( 2)  =   …(iii)
3 4 0 1   0 1   0 2
From (i), (ii) and (iii) we get, A(adj A) = (adj A) A = |A| I [4 Marks]
ns
Q.29. Let OA = a , OB = b and OC = c be the coterminus edges of tetrahedron OABC.
Let AP be the height of the tetrahedron.
io
1
Volume of tetrahedron = (area of OCB)  (Height AP)
3
at
But AP = Scalar projection of a on ( b  c )
=

a b ×c  
…  Scalar projection of p on q is
p × q 
b×c  q 
lic  
1
Area of OCB = b×c
2
A
ub
 Volume of tetrahedron =
1 1
× b×c

a× b ×c 
3 2 b×c
b×c
1 a

= a  b × c 
P
6
C
c
1
= a b c P
6 B
et
O b
1
Volume of tetrahedron = a b c
6 
rg
1 2 3
1
= 1 1 2
6
2 1 4
Ta
1
= [1(4 – 2) – 2(– 4 – 4) + 3(–1 – 2)]
6
1
= (2 + 16 – 9)
6
1
= (9)
6
3
= cubic units
2
[4 Marks]
14
14

Q.30. The length of the perpendicular is same as the distance of P from the given line.
 
2
   a b
The distance of point P    from the line r = a + b is
2
a  
 b 
 
 a = 7i + 7j + 6k,
Here,  = 3i + 2j + k,  b = 2i + 2j + 3k
    
  a = 3i + 2j + k  7i + 7j + 6k =  4i  5j  5k
 4  +  5  +  5  =
2 2 2
a = 16 + 25 + 25 = 66
   a   b =  4i  5j  5k    2i + 2j + 3k  = 8 – 10 – 15 = –17
ns
 2 + 2 + 3 =
2 2 2
b= 4+4+9 = 17
2
 17 
 Length of the perpendicular from P to the given line = 66   
 17 
io
= 66  17
= 49 = 7 units [4 Marks]
at
Q.31. y = cos (m cos–1x) lic
 cos–1 y = mcos–1 x
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get

d d
 cos1 y  = m dx  cos1x 
ub
dx
1 dy m
   =
1  y dx
2
1  x2
dy
P
 1  x2  = m 1  y2
dx
Squaring on both sides, we get

et
2
 dy 
(1 – x2)   = m2(1 – y2)
 dx 
Again, differentiating w.r.t. x, we get

rg
2 2
d  dy   dy  d d
(1 – x2)    +  
dx  dx   dx  dx
1  x2  = m2 dx 1  y2 
Ta
2
2  dy  d  dy   dy  dy
 (1 – x ). 2      +     2x  = m2  2y 
 dx  dx  dx   dx  dx
2
dy d2 y  dy  2 dy
 2(1 – x2)   2x   = 2m y
dx dx2  dx  dx
dy
Dividing both sides by 2 , we get
dx
d2 y dy
(1 – x2)  x = m2 y
dx 2
dx
d2 y dy
 (1 – x2) x + m2 y = 0 [4 Marks]
dx2 dx
15

Q.32. f(x) = x + 4 , x  [0, 5]
The function f(x) is continuous on [0, 5] and differentiable on (0, 5).
Thus, all the conditions of LMVT are satisfied.

To verify LMVT, we need to find c  [0, 5]
f 5   f  0 
such that f (c) = …(i)
50
Now, f(5) = 5+4 = 9 =3

and f(0) = 0+4 = 4 =2
ns
f(x) = x+4
1
 f (x) =
2 x+4
io
1
 f (c) =
2 c+4
at
From (i), we get
1 f5  f 0 
=
2 c+4 50
lic
1 32
 =
2 c+4 5
1 1
ub
 =
2 c+4 5
5
 c+4 =
2
P
25
 c+4=
4
9
 c=
et
4
9
c= lies between 0 and 5
4
rg
Thus, Lagrange’s mean value theorem is verified. [4 Marks]
2x2  3
Q.33. Let I =  x dx
Ta
2
 5  x2 + 4 
2x2  3 A B
Let = +
 x  5  x2 + 4  x2  5 x2 + 4
2
 2x2 – 3 = A(x2 + 4) + B(x2 – 5) …(i)

Putting x2 = 5 in (i), we get
2(5) – 3 = A(5 + 4) + B(0)
 7 = 9A
16
16


7
 A=
9
Putting x2 = –4 in (i), we get
2(–4) – 3 = A(0) + B(–4 – 5)
 –11 = –9B
11
 B=
9
7 11
2x2  3 9
 = 2 + 29
 x  5 x + 4 
2 2
x  5 x +4
ns
 7 11 
 9 
 I =  2 + 29  dx
 x  5 x + 4 
io
 
7 1 11 1
=  2 dx +  2 dx
9 x 5 9 x +4
at
7 1 11 1
=
9  x2  5 9  x2 + 2 2
dx + dx
 
2
=
7

1
log
x  5 11 1 x
+  tan 1   + c
lic
9 2 5   x+ 5 9 2 2
7 x  5 11 x
= log + tan 1   + c
ub
18 5 x + 5 18 2
[4 Marks]
P
a a
Q.34. Consider R.H.S.:  f(x)dx +  f(2a  x)dx
0 0
a a
Let I =  f(x)dx +  f(2a  x)dx
et
0 0
= I1 + I 2 …(i)
rg
a
Consider I2 =  f(2a  x)dx
0
Put 2a – x = t
Ta
 – dx = dt
 dx = –dt
When x = 0, t = 2a – 0 = 2a and when x = a, t = 2a – a = a
a a
 I2 =  f  t  (  dt) = –  f  t  dt
2a 2a
b a
2a  
=  f  t  dt …   f  x  dx =   f  x  dx 
a  a b 
b b
2a  
=  f  x  dx …   f  x  dx =  f  t  dt 
a  a a 
17

From (i), I = I1 + I2
a a
=  f(x)dx +  f(2a  x)dx
0 0
a 2a
=  f(x)dx +  f( x)dx
0 a
b c b
2a
 
=  f(x)dx …   f(x)dx =  f(x)dx +  f(x)dx; a < c < b 
0  a a c 
= L.H.S.
2a a a
  f(x)dx =  f(x)dx +  f(2a  x)dx
0 0 0
[4 Marks]
ns
io
at
lic
P ub
et
rg
Ta
18
18
BOARD ANSWER PAPER: MARCH 2023
BIOLOGY

SECTION A
Q.1. i. (A) Lysine and Arginine [1 Mark]

ii. (C) Three [1 Mark]
iii. (C) Ethylene [1 Mark]
ns
iv. (B) 5 to 5.8 [1 Mark]
v. (A) Biodiversity [1 Mark]
vi. (A) Pigeon, Parrot, Sparrow [1 Mark]
io
-
vii. (B) Cl diffuse into RBCs [1 Mark]
viii. (C) Collip’s hormone and Calcitonin [1 Mark]
at
SMART TIP
Collip’s hormone is also called as parathormone.
lic
ix. (D) Water potential of pure water is negative [1 Mark]
SMART TIP
Water potential of pure water is always zero.
ub
x. (D) LNG-20 [1 Mark]
SMART TIP
Cu-T, Cu-7 and Multiload-375 are copper releasing IUDs.
P
Q.2. i. Cancer is caused by HPV (Human Papiloma Virus). [1 Mark]

et
ii. Exhaust gas scrubber is the device used to clean both dust and gases from polluted
air. [1 Mark]
rg
iii. Mule is the sterile animal produced by intergeneric hybridisation. [1 Mark]

iv. First transgenic plant produced was tobacco. [1 Mark]
v. Cretinism [1 Mark]
Ta
vi ‘A’ is the stationary phase [1 Mark]

vii.
Abscission Pre-mature fall of flowers, fruits and leaves
Mottling Appearance of green and non-green patches on leaves [1 Mark]
viii. Cyperus is a plant in which both kidney shaped and dumbbell shaped guard cells are
present. [1 Mark]
1

SECTION  B
Q.3. i. Gross primary productivity is the rate of production of organic matter during
photosynthesis.
ii. Net primary productivity is the available biomass for the consumption to
heterotrophs like herbivores, carnivores and decomposers. [2 Marks]
Q.4. T.S. of Thyroid gland:
ns
Follicular
cells
Blood
io
capillaries
Thyroid
at
follicle
T.S of Thyroid gland

lic [2 Marks]
Q.5. i. ABA could cause efflux of k + ions from the guard cells and result in closure of
ub
stomata. So, it is known as an antitranspirant.
ii. Chlorophyllase enzyme causes degreening effect in banana. As they ripen,
chlorophyllase enzyme causes break down of chlorophyll. [2 Marks]
P
Q.6.
et
Disorders/diseases Recombinant Proteins

Anaemia Erythropoietin
rg
Asthma Interleukin-1 receptor

Blood clots Tissue plasminogen activator
Emphysema α1- antitrypsin [2 Marks]
Ta
Q.7. i. Imbibition is swelling up of hydrophilic colloids due to adsorption of water.

ii. The root hair cell wall is made up of pectic compounds and cellulose which are
hydrophilic colloids. During imbibition, water molecules get tightly adsorbed
without the formation of solution. Imbibition continues till the equilibrium is
reached. In other words, water moves along the concentration gradient. Water is
absorbed by root hair cell through imbibition diffusion osmosis, sequentially.
[2 Marks]
2

Q.8. Conducting system of human heart:
Atrioventricular
(AV) Node
Atrioventricular (AV)
Bundle (Bundle of his)
Purkinje
fibers
ns
Conducting system of human heart
[2 Marks]
io
Q.9.
Sr. No. Heterochromatin Euchromatin
at
i. It stains strongly and appears It stains light.
dark. lic
ii. Heterochromatin is genetically Euchromatin is genetically and
and transcriptionally inactive transcriptionally very much
active and fast replicating. [2 Marks]
ub
Q.10.
Primary consumer Herbivores
P
Primary Producer Grass, trees

Tertiary consumer Man, Lion
et
Secondary consumer Bird, fish and wolf [2 Marks]
Q.11. i. Biofortification is a method in which crops are bred (produced) for having
rg
higher levels of vitamins, minerals and fats (i.e. better nutritive value).
It can also be achieved by supplementing nutrients from outside, besides
Ta
through breeding.
ii. Examples of biofortification:

a. Amino acid Fortified Maize having twice the amount of amino
content acids- lysine and tryptophan.
b. Vitamin C Vitamin C enriched bitter gourd; tomato have
content been developed by IARI.
[2 Marks]
3

Q.12.
No. X Chromosome Y Chromosome
i. Non-homologous part of X Non-homologous part of Y
chromosome shows more genes chromosome contains few genes
than Y chromosome. as compared to X chromosome.
ii. It is metacentric. It is acrocentric
Position of centromere: Middle Position of centromere: Near
of the chromosome one end of the chromosome [2 Marks]
ns
Q.13. i. Genetic drift: Any random fluctuation (alteration) in allele frequency, occurring in
the natural population by pure chance, is called genetic drift.
io
ii. Homologous organs are those organs, which are structurally similar but perform
different functions. [2 Marks]
at
Q.14. i. Conservation of species outside their natural habitat is called ex situ conservation.
lic
ii. Ex situ conservation is undertaken at wildlife safari parks, zoological parks and
botanical gardens. [2 Marks]
ub
SECTION  C
Q.15. i. Incomplete dominance is a deviation of Mendel’s law of dominance. In incomplete

P
dominance, both the alleles (genes) of an allelomorphic pair express themselves partially.
ii. Cross between a red-flowered (RR) Mirabilis jalapa plant with a white-flowered (rr) plant:
et
Phenotype of Parents Red flower White flower

Genotype RR  rr
rg
Gametes R r
F1 generation Rr
Pink flower
Ta
Selfing of F1 generation Rr  Rr
Gametes R r R r
F2 generation R r
R RR Rr
Red Pink
r Rr rr
Pink White
Phenotypic ratio  1 : 2 : 1 (1 Red : 2 Pink : 1 White)

Genotypic ratio  1 : 2 : 1 (1 RR : 2 Rr : 1 rr) [3 Marks]
4

Q.16. i.
Sympathetic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system
Heart beat Increases Decreases
Pre-ganglionic Short Long
nerve fibres
Post ganglionic Long Short
nerve fibres
Adrenaline and Noradrenaline is Acetylcholine is produced at the
ns
produced at the terminal ends of terminal end of postganglionic
postganglionic nerve fibres at nerve at the effector organ, hence
the effector organ, hence it is these are also called cholinergic
io
also called Adrenergic fibres. fibres.
ii. All spinal nerves are of mixed type, because: Spinal nerves contain axons both of
at
sensory neurons entering the brainstem and motor neurons leaving the brainstem.
lic [3 Marks]
Q.17. i. Schematic diagram of replication of eukaryotic DNA:
3 5
ub
Replicating fork
Leading 3 RNA primer

P
template 5 Okazaki fragments

3 of lagging strand
Leading 5 Lagging template
et
strand 3
RNA primer 5
3
5 3 5
DNA replication [Label any three parts]
rg
ii. Twelve amino acids will be three in the polypeptide chain formed on the given mRNA
as sequence of three consecutive bases constitutes a codon, which specifies one
Ta
particular amino acid. [3 Marks]
SMART TIP
To determine the number of amino acids, divide the length of the mRNA sequence by 3, since each
codon represents one amino acid.
Q.18. i. Breathing: It is a physical process by which gaseous exchange takes place between
the atmosphere and the lungs. It occurs in two steps - inspiration and expiration and
involves thoracic cage, the ribs, sternum, and the intercostal muscles and muscles of
the diaphragm.
5

a. Inspiration:
1. It is an active process in which atmospheric air is taken into the
lungs, due to the pressure gradient formed between the lungs and the
atmosphere.
2. During inhalation, the external inter-costal muscles contract so the ribs and
sternum move upward and outward.
3. The diaphragm becomes flat and goes downward.
4. Thus, volume of thoracic cavity increases and the pressure in the lungs
ns
decreases.
5. As air moves from higher pressure to the lower pressure, air from the
atmosphere is taken into the lungs.
io
b. Expiration:
1. It is an passive process in which air from the lungs rushes out.
at
2. During exhalation, the intercostal muscles relax pulling the rib cage inward
and downward. lic
3. The diaphragm relaxes and is pushed upwards. It becomes dome shaped.
4. Thereby decreasing thoracic volume and increasing the pressure in the lungs
as compared to the atmospheric pressure.
ub
5. Air from the lungs is exhaled into the atmosphere.
i. Inspiration Air ii. Expiration Air

P
(Breathing in) (Breathing out)
Rib cage moves

et
up and forward
Rib cage
moves down
Pressure in lungs
and inward
rg
decreases and air

comes rushing in
Ta
Diaphragm contracts and moves down Diaphragm relaxes and moves up
Breathing
[3 Marks]
Q.19. i. Spermatogenesis is the process of formation of the male gamete (sperm) or

spermatozoa from the germinal epithelium of testis.
6

ii. Diagram of spermatogenesis:
Primordial cell
(2n)
Mitosis
I. Multiplication
phase Spermatogonia
(2n)
II. Growth
phase Primary spermatocytes
Meiosis I (2n)
division
Meiotic
Secondary
ns
III. Maturation
Meiosis II spermatocytes
(n)
phase
Spermatids
Spermiogenesis
(n)
io
Spermatozoa
(n)
at
Spermatogenesis
lic [3 Marks]
Q.20. i. Connecting links are fossil forms, transitional or intermediate between two groups of
ub
organisms. They show some characters akin to both the groups.
ii. Archaeopteryx is known as connecting links between reptiles and birds because it
shows characters of both.
P
a. Reptilian characters:
1. Presence of long tail, claws and scales on the body.
et
2. Single headed ribs.

3. Abdominal ribs are present which look like ribs of crocodile.
rg
4. Jaws with homodont teeth.

5. Sternum without keel.
6. Bones are solid (non-pneumatic).
Ta
7. Hind limbs had four clawed digits.

b. Avian characters:
1. Feathery exoskeleton.
2. Forelimbs are modified into wings.
3. Jaws are modified into beak.
4. Skull bone is completely fused.
5. Large rounded cranium.
6. Cranium with large orbits and a single condyle.
7

7. Limb bones are bird like.

8. Hind limbs with four toes first toe is opposable.
[Any one character of both] [3 Marks]
Q.21.
Sr. No. Name of interaction Interaction between
i. Host parasitic interaction Plasmodium and Man
ii. Interspecific competition Leopard and Lion
ns
iii. Commensalism Clown fish and Sea-anemone [3 Marks]
Q.22. i. Composition of Biogas: Biogas is a mixture of methane CH4 (50-60%), CO2 (30-40%),
io
H2S (0-3%) and other gases (CO, N2, H2) in traces.
ii. Benefits of biogas:
at
a. It is a cheap, safe and renewable source of energy.
b. It can be easily generated, stored and transported.
lic
c. It can be used for domestic lighting, cooking, street lighting as well as small
scale industries.
d. It burns with blue flame and without smoke.

ub
e. It helps to improve sanitation of the surrounding.
f. It is eco-friendly and does not cause pollution and imbalance of the environment.
g. Sludge which is left over is used as a fertilizer.
P
[Any four benefits] [3 Marks]

et
Q.23. i. Water has high specific heat, high heat of vaporization and high heat of fusion. Due
to this, it acts as thermal buffer.

rg
ii. Structure of root hair:

Ta
Mitochondria
Nucleus Vacuole
Structure of root hair

[3 Marks]
8

Q.24. The free antibodies have three main functions:

i. Agglutination of particulate matter, including bacteria and viruses. The immobilized
mass is then engulfed by phagocytes.
ii. Opsonisation or coating of bacteria to facilitate their subsequent phagocytosis by
macrophages.
iii. Neutralization of toxins released by bacteria e.g. tetanus toxin. [3 Marks]
Q.25. i. (A) Porogamy (B) Mesogamy
ns
ii. Significance of double fertilization:
a. It is a unique feature of angiosperms.
b. It ensures that the parent plant invests a seed with a food store, only if the egg
io
is fertilized.
c. The diploid zygote develops into an embryo which consequently develops into a
at
new plant.
d. The triploid PEN develops into nutritive endosperm tissue.
lic
e. It restores the diploid (2n) condition by fusion of haploid (n) male gamete with
haploid (n) female gamete (i.e. through syngamy).
f. It also helps to avoid polyembryony.
ub
[Any four points] [3 Marks]
Q.26. i. Auxin is responsible for apical dominance in plants.

P
ii. In order to make farm free from weeds, a farmer must spray the weedicide 2, 4 - D
(Auxin). It is a dicot weedicide and is target specific. It does not harm the jowar
et
(monocot) crops.
iii. Applications of cytokinins:
rg
a. Cytokinins promote cytokinesis cell division. It also promotes cell

enlargement.
b. Cytokinin and auxin ratio and their interactions control morphogenic
Ta
differentiation.
c. A low ratio of cytokinin to auxin induces root development, but a high ratio
causes buds and shoot development.
d. Cytokinin reverses apical dominance effect. It promotes the growth of lateral
buds and controls apical dominance by cell division.
e. It delays the senescence or ageing and abscission processes in plant organs. This
was reported by Richmond and Lang (1957).
f. Cytokinins induce formation of interfasicular cambium and expansion of cells.
9

g. It also breaks dormancy and promotes the germination of seeds.

h. It induces RNA synthesis.
[Note: Cytokinins induces rRNA transcription.]
[Any two applications][3 Marks]
SECTION  D
Q.27. i. The pressure exerted by blood on the wall of the blood vessels is called blood
ns
pressure.
ii. It is measured by the sphygmomanometer. It is usually measured from the arteries.
iii. Difference between an artery and a vein with reference to lumen and thickness
io
of wall:
No. Arteries Veins
at
a. They are thick walled. They are thin walled.
b. Lumen is narrow.lic Lumen is wide.
c. They do not have valves. They have valves to prevent the
backflow of the blood. [4 Marks]
ub
Q.28. i. a. Adaptations in anemophilous flowers:
1. The flowers are small, inconspicuous, colourless, without nectar and fragrance
(odour).
P
2. The pollen grains are light in weight, dry and produced in large numbers to
increase chances of pollination considering wastage of pollen grains.
et
3. Stigma is feathery to trap pollens carried by wind currents.

4. Stamens are exerted with long filaments and versatile anthers.
rg
5. Stamens and stigmas are exposed to air currents. [Any three adaptations]
b. Example of the anemophilous flower: Wheat, rice, corn, rye, barley, oats and
other plants like palms [Any one example]
Ta
ii. a. Adaptations in hydrophilous flowers:

1. Flowers are small and inconspicuous.
2. Perianth and other floral parts are unwettable.
3. Pollen grains are long and unwettable due to presence of mucilage.
4. Nectar and fragrance are lacking in flowers. [Any three adaptations]
b. Example of the hydrophilous flowers: Vallisneria, Zostera, Ceratophyllum etc.
[Any one example]
[4 Marks]
10

Q.29. i. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR):

a. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is the process of in vitro amplification of
gene of interest using a PCR machine.
b. PCR can generate a billion copies of the desired segment of DNA or RNA,
with high accuracy and specificity, in few hours.
c. The process of PCR is completely automated and involves automatic
thermal cycles for denaturation and re-naturation of double stranded
DNA.
ns
d. The device required for PCR is called thermal cycler.
e. Requirements for polymerase chain reaction:
1. DNA containing the desired segment to be amplified
io
2. several molecules of four deoxyribonuclueoside triphosphates (dNTPs)
3. excess of two primer molecules
at
4. heat stable DNA polymerase and
5. appropriate quantities of Mg ++ ions.
lic
ii. Steps involved in mechanism of PCR:
Step i: Denaturation: The reaction mixture is heated to a temperature
(90–98o C) to separate two strands of desired DNA. This is called
ub
denaturation.
Step ii: Annealing: The mixture is allowed to cool (40–60oC) that permits
pairing of the primer to the complementary sequences in DNA. This step is called
P
annealing.
Step iii: Primer extension / Polymerization: The temperature (70–75oC) allows
et
thermostable Taq DNA polymerase to use single-stranded DNA as template and

adds nucleotides. This is called primer extension. It takes around two minutes
duration.
rg
a. One cycle takes around 3 to 4 minutes.

b. To begin second cycle, DNA is again heated to convert double stranded
Ta
DNA into single strands.

c. In an automatic thermal cycler, the above three steps are automatically
repeated 20-30 times. Thus, at the end of ‘n’ cycles 2 n copies of DNA
segments are produced.
d. The machine performs the entire operations automatically and
precisely.
11

1 copy of desired gene
1
Denaturation (90-98 C)
DNA strands
separated
2
Annealing of primers
(40-60 C)
ns
3
Replicating DNA strands
using Taq polymerase
io
(70-75 C)
2 copies of
at
desired gene
(renaturation)
Second cycle continues to form
lic
4 copies of desired DNA
Cycle continues to produce

2n copies of DNA
ub
DNA replication through polymerase chain reaction

[4 Marks]
P
Q.30. i. The significance of fertilization in humans:

a. Secondary oocyte completes the process of oogenesis and is transformed into a
et
mature ovum (n).

b. The diploid chromosome number is restored in the zygote by the process of
rg
syngamy.
c. The ovum lacks the centrioles necessary for further divisions, which are
received from the sperm during fertilization.
Ta
d. Fertilization involves fusion of male and female gametes from the two parents.
It results in variations which are significant to evolution.
e. Sex of the offspring is determined.
ii. a. Organs derived from ectoderm: Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, salivary glands,
mammary glands, lacrimal glands, sebaceous glands, cornea, lens, retina,
conjunctiva, nasal epithelium, enamel of teeth, internal and external ear,
foregut, hindgut, adrenal medulla, anterior and posterior pituitary, pineal gland,
entire nervous system.
12

b. Organs derived from mesoderm: Mesoderm forms all types of muscles (except
iris muscles and ciliary muscles of eye which originate from ectoderm),
connective tissues, dermis of skin, adrenal cortex, heart, blood, blood vessels,
lymphatic vessels, middle ear, dentine of teeth, urinary and reproductive ducts,
gonads, kidneys, sclera and choroid of eye.
[Any two organs of each] [4 Marks]
Q.31. i. Functions of cerebellum: Cerebellum co-ordinates voluntary movements and maintains
ns
body balance.
ii. Motor cranial nerves with their appropriate serial number:
No. Name Type
io
III Occulomotor Motor
IV Pathetic Motor
at
VI Abducens (Smallest cranial nerve) Motor
XI Spinal accessory lic Motor
XII Hypoglossal Motor
[Any four motor cranial nerves]

iii. a. Insulin secreted by  cells of Islets of Langerhans stimulates liver for
ub
glycogenesis.
b. Glucagon secreted by  cells Islets of Langerhans stimulates liver for
glycogenolysis.
P
SMART TIP
Insulin starts with "I" like "increase," indicating an increase in glycogen.
et
Insulin and glucagon play opposing roles in regulating blood sugar levels, acting as antagonists in the
control of glucose homeostasis.
rg
[4 Marks]
Ta
13

12th Model Question Paper With Solution - March 2023 - 652aaf4d20ef1

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12th Model Question Paper With Solution - March 2023 - 652aaf4d20ef1

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BOARD ACTIVITY SHEET SOLUTION: FEBRUARY 2023

Note: Answer to every question must be written on a new page.

A2. (a) The writer’s English was very poor.

A3. Negative qualities: (i) Loneliness

their comprehension and expose them to different accents and expressions.

2 Export incentives 2 Unreliable quality of post-

Board Activity Sheet Solution: March 2023

(B) Medical Tourism in India

Art and activity Travel and adventure Sports and Fitness

• Photography • Tourism • Yoga

• Music • Road trips • Swimming

• Painting • Backpacking • Basketball

• Writing • Extreme sports • Football

SECTION II: POETRY

visibility. Rock. Inchcape Bell. Inchcape Rock.

were printed.] [2 Marks]

A5. Ships Sailing the Sea

Board Activity Sheet Solution: March 2023

(B) Appreciation of the poem ‘She Walks in Beauty’

Antithesis, Consonance, Exclamation, Inversion, Metaphor, Metonymy,

SECTION III: WRITING SKILLS

Board Activity Sheet Solution: March 2023

Subject Quotation for 20 PCs

I am a resident of Aaram Nagar and I am planning to start a Computer Institute in my

Please make a note of the specifications I need for these computers:

(2) Independence Day Celebration

Independence. Various socio-cultural activities such as debate and speech

Board Activity Sheet Solution: March 2023

paid out of the donations we receive.

Welcome the guests

(3) Experience is the best teacher

Board Activity Sheet Solution: March 2023

education is by creating a culture of distraction. Students today are constantly

and low awareness means a dark future. [4 Marks]

SECTION IV: LITERARY GENRE - NOVEL

(a) Oroonoku (iii) Aphra Behn

(ii) (a) Gothic (b) Growth

(c) six (d) conflict

Board Activity Sheet Solution: March 2023

Note: Answer to every section must be written on a new page.

ii. (B) energy [1 Mark]

Q.2. i. For an ideal voltmeter the value of resistance is infinite. [1 Mark]

ii. Force on a closed circuit in a magnetic field is zero. [1 Mark]

3.142  3 3.142  1 3.142 5

of a toroid and perpendicular to its plane:

i. Consider a toroid carrying steady current I and having turns N.

Amperian loop along

Board Answer Paper: February 2023

viii. From equation (1) and (4),

This is the required expression. [2 Marks]

Q.5. Principle: Angular momentum of an isolated system is conserved in the absence of an

external unbalanced torque.

b. Let capacitors of capacitances C1, C2 be connected in series as shown in the

Board Answer Paper: February 2023

e. Thus, each capacitor receives a magnitude of charge Q. Hence, when the

f. Total potential difference ‘V’ across the combination is given by, V = V1 + V2

effective capacity remains same then

From equation (2) and (3),

This is the required shunt to increase the range n times.

will flow through galvanometer.

Formulae: i. irms = erm s ii. Pav = erms irms

Board Answer Paper: February 2023