NANOTECHNOLOGY

&
HUMAN SKIN AGING

BILAL MASOOD

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 ANATOMY OF SKIN

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 THE SKIN

EXTERNAL LAYER
EXPOSED TO EXTERNAL STIMULI
Injuries & wounds
External Environment
Aging & wrinkles
Diseases
REMIDIES
Tissue regeneration & rejuvenation
Scaffolds, Nanomaterials and Bioactive molecule

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 AGING OF SKIN

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 TYPES OF AGING
Extrinsic aging

Intrinsic aging-Photo aging

• UV
• Life Styles
• Nutrition
• Stress Response Mechanism
• Sugar intakes
• Smoking

loss of tone and hyperpigmentation, deeply changing residents cell behavior

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 AGING OF SKIN

keratinocyte turnover

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 AGING OF SKIN

HUMAN SKIN
Collagen
Elastin fibers
Glycosaminoglycan

YOUNG SKIN
• High collagen
• High elastin fibers

AGING OF SKIN
• Loss of collagen
• Loss of elastin fibers

Collagen fibrils and hyaluronic acid

organization and production change
during aging

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HUMAN SKIN
Collagen
Elastin fibers
Glycosaminoglycan

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 EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX- ECM

fibroblast-ECM

Schematic representation of dermis evolution during human development and ageing (Haydont et al., 2019)
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 HUMAN SKIN AGING REASON

Reserving stem cell plasticity and differentiation capability represents an important goal in tissue regeneration.

Downregulate related genes

lose the capability to replace damaged elements triggering tissue aging

HUMAN SKIN REGENERATION & REJUVENATION GOAL

REJUNVENATION collagen, skin can lose structure, become

Nanomaterials
dry, have less fat, and begin to appear wrinkled, loose, and
• Stimulate SSCs proliferation
saggy. Skin rejuvenation encourages collagen growth to help
• Maintenance of a young phenotype
• Modulation of fibroblast gene expression skin become fuller and more youthful.

REGENERATION the complete replacement of damaged

tissue with new tissue. Skin repair refers to the continued
healing process of existing tissue. Skin regeneration isn't usually
associated with scar tissue

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 HUMAN SKIN DAMAGE & WOUNDS REGERATION

Disorders of skin due to trauma or therapeutic conditions

Due to Mechanical or physical damages occurring after heat, electricity or chemicals exposition as well as after
surgery
skin regeneration, undergoing proliferation and differentiation toward fibroblasts before the final re-epithelization

HUMAN SKIN TREATMENT REGERATION

Skin Permeation by Topical Treatments

Cosmetic products as
• Sunscreens,
• Hair products,
• Skin cream
Nanomaterials

Hydrogels

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Skin Permeation by Topical Treatments
The flux of molecules through the skin occurs by passive diffusion, following a gradient concentration, both via
intracellular and extracellular pathways. This delivery is still far from satisfying the clinic and cosmetic requests

Nanomaterials in Skin Regeneration and Rejuvenation Emanuela Bellu ,Serenella Medici

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 NANOMATERIALS FOR SKIN TREATMENT

High surface-to volume ratio compared to bulky matter

At least one dimension in the range 1–100nm

There are two main routes of entry into the cell: direct fusion with the plasma membrane

Cell targeting and drug delivery

NANOMATERIALS & TISSUE REGERATION STRATEGIES

Regenerative actions of nanomaterials

(i) Direct stimulation of cell regrowth

(ii) Antibacterial activity;
(iii) Drug delivery.

Metal & metal oxides regenerative actions of Gold, silver nanoparticles

Hydrogels

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 HYDROGELS
they are composed of a 3D crosslinked polymeric network able to withhold large amounts of water while retaining
its structure after swelling

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 HYDROGELS
Extracellular matrix ECM and provide a moist environment for tissue regrowth

Elasticity close to that of the surrounding tissues, and a permeability to oxygen that prevents the growth of
anaerobic bacteria
Nanoparticle–hydrogel superstructures, on the other hand, are new materials prepared by embedding
nanoparticles in hydrogels to produce nanoplatforms with highly tunable properties and a wide range of
applications
Typical components of hydrogels for wound dressings are polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium alginate (SA),
cyclodextrin (CD), hyaluronic acid (HA), polyacrylic acid (PAAc), polyacrylamide (PAAm), polycaprolactone (PCL),
polyethylene glycol (PEG), polylactic acid (PLA), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), collagen,
pectin, chitin, and many others

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 ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIONS
metal or metal-based nanoparticles (such as gold, silver, copper, zinc oxide, copper oxide or sulphide.
Metal nanoparticles (e.g., AuNPs and AgNPs) exert their antimicrobial activity by a series of mechanisms
involving direct interaction with the negatively charged bacterial cell membrane, its disruption, and subsequent
leakage of the inner cellular material
Once the NPs get inside the cell, they can further damage it by impairing DNA or other cellular components
CuS NPs, which are well established non-toxic nanomaterials, carry out their antibiotic action by damaging the
cellular membrane
Zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) NPs antimicrobial activity
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are also employed in the formulation of hydrogel for charge disruption
of membrane of bacterias & cell death

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 ANTIOXIDENT PROPERTIES
Hydrogels can be formulated to host an antioxidant species to decrease damages

Polyphenols and their derivatives both natural and synthetic sources

Ceria, curcumin, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, such as p-coumaric and ferulic acids, tannic acid,
propolis,natural plant extracts, anthocyanins and many other phytochemicals within nanocomposites

DRUG RELEASE

The hydrogels are used for the controlled drug release for the proper wound healing

To treat diabetic foot ulcers

hydrogel with antibacterial properties applied in the treatment of chronic infected diabetic wounds

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 NANO-FIBRE

Electrospun Nano-Fibers for Biomedical and Tissue Engineering Applications: A Comprehensive Review
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 NANO FIBRES
Nowadays, nanofibers are used for skin regeneration and rejuvenation as scaffolds, and for drug delivery.
Natural polymers are highly biocompatible, non-toxic, biodegradable
synthetic polymers can be modulated and modified during their preparation to meet specific requirements for each
case of application.
This leads to a control in their composition, molecular weight, crystalline structure, chemical properties and
mechanical features that allow high reproducibility for these materials
Nanoporosity, together with other prominent features in nanofibers, can be controlled during the process of
preparation . The most common way is through a technique called electrospinning
Currently, nanofibers of electrospun poly-"-caprolactone (PCL) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) have been described
as safe, well tolerated and effective
Drug-loaded nanofibers, a cerium-doped bioactive glass in a chitosan/polyethylene oxide nanofiber showed
remarkably high antibacterial
Nanofibers are able to combine the controlled release of the drug to the skin regeneration properties
SILVER SULFADIAZINE NANOMATERIALS-SSD
Silver sulfadiazine (SSD) is a drug based on a silver complex with an antibiotic of the sulphonamide

Polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethylcellulose/silver sulfadiazine composite nanofibers (PVA/CMC/SSD) were prepared

and found to be active in the treatment of excision wounds, leading to rapid healing in rabbits. The nanocomposite
also displayed good antibacterial activity
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 NANO FIBRES DRESSINGS

High surface area

Small pore size
High strength
Minimum aspect ratio of 1000:1

ANTI SCAR ACTION

Wound healing is associated to scar formation
Hydrogel nanocomposites natural or synthetic (PCL, PLGA, PVA, collagen, chitosan, silk fibroin, alginate/PVA,
etc--can help reduce the scarring process.

Functionalization can enhance the binding of nanofibers to collagen or gelatine

PVA nanofibers are able to induce scar-free wound healing retain humidity to maintain a moist wound
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 NANOFORMULATIONS FOR SKIN CARE
AND
ANTI-AGAING
PRODUCTS

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Nano-formulation is working of the development of skin care products for past 40 years
TiO2 and ZnO NPs have been employed for decades as UV inorganic filters in sunscreens

Antiaging useful NPs in cosmetics are dendrimers, nanocrystals, carbon nanotubes, niosomes, nanopolymers,

Target drug delivery with the active release of nano-particles

The cosmetic industry took advantage of the progresses in nanotechnology to expand its boundaries in personal
care and antiaging areas of sales

Metal-based NPs (Au, Ag, CuO, ZnO, etc.)

Antibacterial activity and promotion of wound healing
Facial masks and treatments based on AuNPs for skin rejuvenation

It has been demonstrated that gold nanoparticles are able to reduce wrinkles, improve skin brightening, promote
skin healing, have a cleansing effect

Au nanosheets induce a low level of apoptosis

AuNPs may have higher biocompatibility and less side effects

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 THANK
YOU
BILAL MASOOD

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