ĐỘC LẠ VOCAB IELTS READING

Road to IELTS - Test 2 - Passage 2

Entomologist UK: /ˌen.təˈmɒl.ə.dʒɪst/
(n) US: /ˌen.təˈmɑː.lə.dʒɪst/
Nhà nghiên cứu sâu bọ,
nhà côn trùng học.
Ex:
- a person who studies insects:
➔ So asked British entomologist Vincent M.
Holt in the title of his 1885 treatise on the
benefits of what he named entomophagy.
(Paragraph A)
+ It takes a competent entomologist to
distinguish the dangerous mosquitoes from
the harmless ones.
+ Entomologists have long been fascinated by
the ability of insects to track odours to their
sources.

Treatise /ˈtriː.tɪs/ - a formal piece of writing that considers and

examines a particular subject:
(n)
Chuyên luận, luận án, ➔ So asked British entomologist Vincent M.

luận văn. Holt in the title of his 1885 treatise on the

benefits of what he named entomophagy.
(Paragraph A)
Ex:
+ a six-volume treatise on trademark law.
+ Any of these questions would deserve a
lengthy treatise, perhaps even a small book.
Similar: commentary, dissertation, essay,
monograph, thesis.

Stuffy /ˈstʌf.i/ - A stuffy room or building is unpleasant

because it has no fresh air:
(a)
Ngột ngạt (không khí). ➔ The prospect of eating dishes such as
“wireworm sauce” and “slug soup” failed to
garner favour amongst those in the stuffy.
(Paragraph A)
Ex:
+ a stuffy office.
+ The bedroom gets a little stuffy in the
summer.
Similar: airless, stifling.
Opposite: airy, breezy, ventilated, open.
Eccentric /ɪkˈsen.trɪk/ - strange or unusual, sometimes in a
humorous way:
(a)
Lập dị, kỳ cục, quái gở. ➔ Holt’s visionary ideas were considered at
best eccentric, at worst an offense to every
refined palate. (Paragraph A)
Ex:
+ eccentric behaviour.
+ eccentric clothes.
Similar: bizarre, kooky, nutty, odd, outlandish,
offbeat, strange, peculiar, quirky, weird, whimsical.
Opposite: common, conventional, familiar, normal.
ordinary, regular, usual.

Anticipate UK: /ænˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/ - to take action in preparation for something

that you think will happen:
(v) US: /ænˈtɪs.ə.peɪt/
➔ Anticipating such a reaction, Holt
acknowledged the difficulty in unseating
Dự đoán, lường trước.
deep-rooted prejudices against insect
cuisine. (Paragraph A)
Ex:
+ It's always best to anticipate a problem
before it arises.
+ The army anticipated the explosion by
evacuating the town.
Similar: forecast, foresee.
Opposite: amazed, surprised, unready.

Prejudice /ˈpredʒ.ə.dɪs/ - an unfair and unreasonable opinion or

feeling, especially when formed without
(v)
Thành kiến, định kiến. enough thought or knowledge:
➔ Anticipating such a reaction, Holt
acknowledged the difficulty in unseating
deep-rooted prejudices against insect
cuisine. (Paragraph A)
Ex:
+ Laws against racial prejudice must be
strictly enforced.
+ The campaign aims to dispel the prejudice
that AIDS is confined to the homosexual
community.
Similar: bigotry, enmity, preconception.
Opposite: fairness, impartiality, esteem, respect.
Cosmopolitan UK: /ˌkɒz.məˈpɒl.ɪ.tən/ - containing or having experience of people
and things from many different parts of the
(a) US: /ˌkɑːz.məˈpɑː.lɪ.tən/
world:
➔ In Los Angeles and other cosmopolitan
Toàn thế giới, quốc tế.
Western cities, insects have been caught up
in the endless pursuit of novel and authentic
delicacies. (Paragraph B)
Ex:
+ New York is a highly cosmopolitan city.
+ The club has a cosmopolitan atmosphere.

Delicacy UK: /ˈdel.ɪ.kə.si/ - something especially rare or expensive that

is good to eat:
(n) US: /ˈdel.ə.kə.si/
➔ In Los Angeles and other cosmopolitan
Western cities, insects have been caught up
Cao lương mỹ vị, món
in the endless pursuit of novel and authentic
ngon.
delicacies. (Paragraph B)
Ex:
+ In some parts of the world, sheep's eyes are
considered a great delicacy.
+ Dr Jaffrey handed us a plate of dates:
traditionally the delicacy with which to
break the Ramadan fast.

Mass /mæs/ - having an effect on or involving a large

number of people or forming a large
(a)
Đại chúng, trên diện amount:

rộng. ➔ These hand-prepared delicacies have the

potential to be produced on a scale large
enough to lower costs and open up mass
markets. (Paragraph C)
Ex:
+ mass starvation.
+ Opposition groups plan to stage mass
demonstrations all over the country.
Similar: majority, mob, throng, crowd.
Opposite: individual, part.

Entrepreneur UK: /ˌɒn.trə.prəˈnɜːr/ - someone who starts their own business,

especially when this involves seeing a new
(n) US: /ˌɑːn.trə.prəˈnɜː/
opportunity:
➔ According to the entrepreneur behind the
Doanh nhân.
 company, Matthew Krisiloff, this will be the
key to pleasing the uninitiated palate.
(Paragraph C)
Ex:
+ He was one of the entrepreneurs of the 80s
who made their money in property.
+ A creative entrepreneur, he was continually
dreaming up new projects.
Similar: executive, manager.
Opposite: employee.

Superior UK: /suːˈpɪə.ri.ər/ - better than average or better than other

people or things of the same type:
(a) US: /səˈpɪr.i.ə/
➔ Huis also notes that insects – being
cold-blooded creatures – can convert food to
Tốt hơn, xuất sắc hơn.
protein at a rate far superior to that of cows.
(Paragraph D)
Ex:
+ For babies, breastfeeding is superior to
bottle-feeding.
+ The government troops were superior in
numbers.
Similar: admirable, good, preferable, remarkable.
Opposite: normal, ordinary, unremarkable, usual,
inferior, minor.

Perceive /pəˈsiːv/ - to come to an opinion about something, or

have a belief about something:
(v)
Nhận thức, xem là, nhìn ➔ Although insects are sometimes perceived

nhận là. by Westerners as unhygienic or

disease-ridden. (Paragraph E)
Ex:
+ How do the French perceive the British?
+ Women's magazines are often perceived to
be superficial.
Similar: discern, distinguish, realize, recognize.
Opposite: misunderstand, ignore, neglect.

Thrive /θraɪv/ - to grow, develop, or be successful:

➔ Furthermore, the squalid, cramped quarters
(v)
Phát triển mạnh, phát that encourage diseases to propagate

đạt, thịnh vượng. among many animal populations are

 actually the residence of choice for insects,
which thrive in such conditions.
(Paragraph E)
Ex:
+ His business thrived in the years before the
war.
+ She seems to thrive on stress.
Similar: boom, develop, flourish, grow, prosper.
Opposite: cease, decrease, fail, lessen, lose, stop,
retreat.

Subsistence /səbˈsɪs.təns/ - the state of having what you need in order

to stay alive, but no more:
(n)
Sinh kế. ➔ Until now, they have only used this
knowledge to meet their own subsistence
needs. (Paragraph F)
Ex:
+ The money is intended to provide a basic
subsistence and should not be paid to
someone who receives other income.
+ The family was living at subsistence level.
Similar: livelihood.

Flourish UK: /ˈflʌr.ɪʃ/ - to grow or develop successfully:

➔ Opportunities to expand the market to new
(v) US: /ˈflɜː.ɪʃ/
consumers will flourish. (Paragraph F)
Ex:
Bùng nổ, phát triển.
+ My tomatoes are flourishing this summer - it
must be the warm weather.
+ Watercolour painting began to flourish in
Britain around 1750.
Similar: boom, develop, thrive.
Opposite: decrease, fail, lessen, lose.

Agriculture UK: /ˈæɡ.rɪ.kʌl.tʃər/ - farming:

➔ This could provide a crucial step into the
(n) US: /ˈæɡ.rə.kʌl.tʃə/
global economic arena for those primarily
rural, impoverished populations who have
Nông nghiệp.
been excluded from the rise of
manufacturing and large-scale agriculture.
(Paragraph F)
Ex:
 + Agriculture is still largely based on
traditional methods in some countries.
+ 70 percent of the country's population
practises subsistence agriculture.
Similar: cultivation, husbandry.

Incidence /ˈɪn.sɪ.dəns/ - an event, or the rate at which something

happens:
(n)
Phạm vi ảnh hưởng. ➔ While examining children’s diets as a part of
her field work in Mali, Dunkel discovered
that a protein deficiency syndrome called
kwashiorkor was increasing in incidence.
(Paragraph G)
Ex:
+ There have been quite a few incidences of
bullying in the school this year.
+ an increased incidence of cancer near
nuclear power stations.
Similar: extent, prevalence.

Novelty UK: /ˈnɒv.əl.ti/ - the quality of being new and unusual:

➔ People won’t accept it beyond the novelty.
(n) US: /ˈnɑː.vəl.ti/
(Paragraph H)
Ex:
Tính khác lạ, tính mới.
+ The novelty of these toys soon wore off and
the children became bored with them.
+ In Britain in the 1950s, television still had
novelty value.
Similar: innovation, uniqueness, oddity.

Redeem /rɪˈdiːm/ - to make something or someone seem less

bad:
(v)
Mua lại, chuộc lại, bù lại. ➔ It is yet to be seen if history will truly redeem
Vincent Holt and his suggestion that British
families should gather around their dining
tables for a breakfast of “moths on toast”.
(Paragraph I)
Ex:
+ A poor game was redeemed in the second
half by a superb performance from Anthony
Edwards.
+ He was an hour late, but he redeemed
 himself in her eyes by giving her a huge
bunch of flowers.
Similar: compensate, offset, restore.
Opposite: damage, destroy, blame.