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TYPICAL APPLICATIO
1-Cell to 1.8V at 600mA Step-Up Converter
VDD
VDD = 2.7V TO 5.5V L1 Efficiency
2.2µH VOUT
VIN = 0.9V TO 1.5V
1.8V 100
600mA VIN = 1.5V
LTC3424 90
6 4 Burst Mode
VDD SW R1 OPERATION
80
110k VIN = 1.2V
10 7 70
SHDN VOUT VIN = 0.9V
+
EFFICIENCY (%)
1 3 C3 60
8
– CELL VIN FB 44µF
50
(2× 22µF)
2 9
MODE/SYNC VC 40
C1 C2 C4
1 5 470pF R2 30
2.2µF 10µF Rt GND
C5 249k
20 VDD = 3.3V
Rt RC 4.7pF
10 VOUT = 1.8V
30.1k 82k
WITH MBRM120T3 SCHOTTKY
0
0.1 1 10 100 1000
C1: TAIYO YUDEN JMK212BJ225MG OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
0 = FIXED FREQ C2: TAIYO YUDEN JMK212BJ106MM
3223/24 TA02
1 = Burst Mode OPERATION C3: TAIYO YUDEN JMK325BJ226MM
L1: SUMIDA CD43-2R2M 3423/24 TA01
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LTC3423/LTC3424
W W W U U W U
ABSOLUTE AXI U RATI GS PACKAGE/ORDER I FOR ATIO
(Note 1)
VIN, VOUT, VDD Voltages .............................. – 0.5V to 6V ORDER PART
SW Voltage ................................................. – 0.5V to 6V TOP VIEW NUMBER
Rt 1 10 SHDN
VC, Rt Voltages ......................... – 0.5V to (VOUT + 0.3V) 9 VC
MODE 2
LTC3423EMS
SHDN, FB, MODE Voltages ......................... – 0.5V to 6V VIN 3 8 FB
SW 4 7 VOUT LTC3424EMS
Operating Temperature Range (Note 2) .. – 40°C to 85°C GND 5 6 VDD
Storage Temperature Range ................. – 65°C to 125°C MS PACKAGE
10-LEAD PLASTIC MSOP MS PART MARKING
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec).................. 300°C
TJMAX = 125°C
θJA = 130°C/ W 1 LAYER BOARD LTQM
θJA = 100°C/ W 4 LAYER BOARD
LTQN
Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
The ● denotes specifications that apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C.
VIN = 1.2V, VDD = 3.3V, VOUT = 1.8V, unless otherwise noted.
PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
VDD Input Voltage Range ● 2.7 5.5 V
VIN Operating Voltage Range (Note 4) ● 0.5 5.5 V
Output Voltage Adjust Range ● 1.5 5.5 V
Feedback Voltage ● 1.22 1.25 1.28 V
Feedback Input Current VFB = 1.25V 1 50 nA
Quiescent Current—Burst Mode Operation VC = 0V, MODE/SYNC = 3.3V (Note 3) 38 65 µA
Quiescent Current—SHDN SHDN = 0V, Not Including Switch Leakage 0.1 1 µA
Quiescent Current—Active VC = 0V, MODE/SYNC = 0V, Rt = 300k (Note 3) 440 800 µA
NMOS Switch Leakage 0.1 5 µA
PMOS Switch Leakage 0.1 10 µA
NMOS Switch On Resistance 0.16 Ω
PMOS Switch On Resistance 0.21 Ω
NMOS Current Limit LTC3423 ● 1 1.6 A
LTC3424 ● 2 2.8 A
Maximum Duty Cycle Rt = 15k ● 80 85 %
Minimum Duty Cycle ● 0 %
Frequency Accuracy Rt = 15k ● 1.6 2 2.4 MHz
MODE/SYNC Input High 1.4 V
MODE/SYNC Input Low 0.4 V
MODE/SYNC Input Current VMODE/SYNC = 5.5V 0.01 1 µA
Error Amp Transconductance ∆I = – 5µA to 5µA, VC = VFB 85 µmhos
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LTC3423/LTC3424
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
The ● denotes specifications that apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C.
VIN = 1.2V, VOUT = 3.3V unless otherwise noted.
PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
SHDN Input High VSHDN = VIN = VOUT 1 V
SHDN Input Low 0.4 V
SHDN Input Current VSHDN = 5.5V 0.01 1 µA
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which the life Note 3: Current is measured into VDD since the supply current is
of a device may be impaired. bootstrapped to the VDD pin. The outputs are not switching.
Note 2: The LTC3423/LTC3424 are guaranteed to meet performance Note 4: Once the output is started, the IC is not dependant upon the VIN
specifications from 0°C to 70°C. Specifications over the –40°C to 85°C supply.
operating temperature range are assured by design, characterization and
correlation with statistical process controls.
U W
TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS
Transient Response
Switching Waveform on SW Pin 150mA to 450mA
VOUT
100mV/DIV
SW AC COUPLED
0.5V/DIV
450mA
IOUT
0V 150mA
ILOAD = 500mA 100ns/DIV 3423/24 G01 COUT = 44µF 200µs/DIV 3423/24 G02
VOUT VOUT
100mV/DIV 100mV/DIV
AC COUPLED AC COUPLED
SW SW
1V/DIV 1V/DIV
VIN = 1.2V 1ms/DIV 3423/24 G03 VIN = 1.2V 500µs/DIV 3423/24 G04
VOUT = 1.8V VOUT = 1.8V
COUT = 44µF COUT = 44µF
MODE/SYNC PIN = HIGH MODE/SYNC PIN = HIGH
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LTC3423/LTC3424
U W
TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS
Converter Efficiency 1.2V to 1.8V LTC3424 Current Limit LTC3423 Current Limit
100 3.4 1.80
300MHz
90
Burst Mode 3.2 1.75
80 OPERATION 3MHz
1.70
70 3.0
EFFICIENCY (%)
CURRENT (A)
1.65
CURRENT (A)
60
1MHz 2.8
50 1.60
40 2.6
1.55
30 2.4
1.50
20
2.2 1.45
10
WITH MBRM120T3 SCHOTTKY
0 2.0 1.40
0.1 1 10 100 1000 –55 –15 25 65 105 125 –55 –15 25 65 105 125
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C)
3223/24 G05
3423/24 G06 3423/24 G07
RESISTANCE (Ω)
1.26
VOLTAGE (V)
0.20
1.25 2.00
0.15
1.24
1.95
0.10
1.23
10
RESISTANCE (Ω)
0.30 8
6
0.25
4
0.20
2
0.15 0
–55 –15 25 65 105 125 0.2 0.6 1.0 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.6 3.0
TEMPERATURE (°C) FREQUENCY (MHz)
3423/24 G11 3423/24 G12
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LTC3423/LTC3424
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TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS
Shutdown Threshold Burst Mode Operation Current
1.10 44
1.05
42
1.00
0.95 40
CURRENT (µA)
VOLTAGE (V)
0.90
38
0.85
36
0.80
0.75 34
0.70
32
0.65
0.60 30
–55 –15 25 65 105 125 –55 –15 25 65 105 125
TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C)
3423/24 G13 3423/24 G14
U U U
PI FU CTIO S
Rt (Pin 1): Timing Resistor to Program the Oscillator SW (Pin 4): Switch Pin. Connect inductor and optional
Frequency. Schottky diode here. Minimize trace length to keep EMI
down.
3 • 1010
fOSC = Hz GND (Pin 5): Signal and Power Ground for the IC.
Rt
VDD (Pin 6): Power Source for the IC. Typically derived
MODE/SYNC (Pin 2): Burst Mode Select and Oscillator from a higher voltage power converter. Requires an input
Synchronization. of 2.7V to 5.5V. A 2.2µF ceramic bypass capacitor is
MODE/SYNC = High. Enable Burst Mode operation. The recommended as close to the pins as possible.
inductor peak inductor current will be 400mA and VOUT (Pin 7): Output of the Synchronous Rectifier.
return to zero current on each cycle. During Burst Mode
operation the operation is variable frequency, providing FB (Pin 8): Feedback Pin. Connect resistor divider tap
a significant efficiency improvement at light loads. It is here. The output voltage can be adjusted from 1.5V to
recommended the Burst Mode operation only be en- 5.5V. The feedback reference voltage is typically 1.25V.
tered once the part has started up. VC (Pin 9): Error Amp Output. A frequency compensation
MODE/SYNC = Low. Disable Burst Mode operation and network is connected to this pin to compensate the loop.
maintain low noise, constant frequency operation. See the section “Compensating the Feedback Loop” for
guidelines.
MODE/SYNC = External CLK. Synchronization of the
internal oscillator and Burst Mode operation disable. A SHDN (Pin 10): Shutdown. Grounding this pin shuts down
clock pulse width of 100ns to 2µs is required to the IC. Tie to >1V to enable (VDD or digital gate output).
synchronize. During shutdown the output voltage will hold up to VIN
minus a diode drop due to the body diode of the PMOS
VIN (Pin 3): Voltage Sense for Internal Circuitry. synchronous switch. If the application requires a com-
plete disconnect during shutdown then refer to section
“Output Disconnect”.
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LTC3423/LTC3424
W
BLOCK DIAGRA
+ 1V TO
VOUT + 0.3
OPTIONAL
VIN SW
3 4
P VOUT VOUT
7
1.5V TO 5.5V
ANTICROSS
SHDN 10 SHUTDOWN
CONDITION
N + +
10mV
ISENSE
– AMP – +
IZERO
AMP
CURRENT +
GND LIMIT
5
– 1.6A TYP (LTC3423)
2.8A TYP (LTC3424)
+ 1.25V
– ERROR
R1
AMP
CURRENT – FB
8
VDD COMP
6 VDD +
2.7V TO 5.5V PWM
LOGIC
SLEEP + – VC
Σ 9
Burst Mode R2
CONTROL
Rt SYNC
1 OSC 2 MODE/SYNC
SLOPE COMP
3423/24 BD
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LTC3423/LTC3424
U U W U
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
DETAILED DESCRIPTION Zero Current Amp. The zero current amplifier monitors the
inductor current to the output and shuts off the synchro-
The LTC3423/LTC3424 provides high efficiency, low noise
power for applications such as portable instrumentation nous rectifier once the current is below 50mA, preventing
negative inductor current.
and are ideal for applications that require an output voltage
between 1.5V and 2.6V from a single cell. These products Burst Mode Operation
are an addition to the LTC3401 and LTC3402 family of
synchronous boost converters, with the differences being Burst Mode operation is when the IC delivers energy to the
the omission of the power good function (PGOOD) and the output until it is regulated and then goes into a sleep mode
addition of a VDD input to provide internal power. The IC where the outputs are off and the IC is consuming only
will not start up until the applied voltage on the VDD pin is 38µA. In this mode, the output ripple has a variable
above 2.7V. frequency component with load current and the steady
state ripple will be typically below 3%.
The current mode architecture with adaptive slope
compensation provides ease of loop compensation with During the period where the device is delivering energy to
excellent transient load response. The low RDS(ON), low the output, the peak current will be equal to 400mA and the
gate charge synchronous switches provides the pulse inductor current will terminate at zero current for each cycle.
width modulation control at high efficiency. In this mode the maximum output current is given by:
VIN
Low Noise Fixed Frequency Operation IOUT (MAXBURST) ≈ Amps
6 • VOUT
Oscillator. The frequency of operation is set through a
resistor from the Rt pin to ground where f = 3 • 1010/Rt. An Burst Mode operation is user controlled by driving the
internally trimmed timing capacitor resides inside the IC. MODE/SYNC pin high to enable and low to disable. It is
The oscillator can be synchronized with an external clock recommended that Burst Mode operation be entered after
inserted on the MODE/SYNC pin. When synchronizing the the part has started up.
oscillator, the free running frequency must be set to
approximately 30% lower than the desired synchronized COMPONENT SELECTION
frequency. Keeping the sync pulse width below 2µs will
ensure that Burst Mode operation is disabled. Inductor Selection
Current Sensing. Lossless current sensing converts the The high frequency operation of the LTC3423/LTC3424
peak current signal to a voltage to sum in with the internal allows the use of small surface mount inductors. The
slope compensation. This summed signal is compared to minimum inductance value is proportional to the operat-
the error amplifier output to provide a peak current control ing frequency and is limited by the following constraints:
command for the PWM. The slope compensation in the IC
is adaptive to the input and output voltage. Therefore, the k
L > µH and L >
(
VIN(MIN) • VOUT (MAX) – VIN(MIN)
H
)
converter provides the proper amount of slope compensa- f f • Ripple • VOUT (MAX)
tion to ensure stability and not an excess causing a loss of
phase margin in the converter. where
Error Amp. The error amplifier is a transconductance k = 3 for LTC3423, 2 for LTC3424
amplifier with gm = 85µmhos. A simple compensation f = Operating Frequency (Hz)
network is placed from the VC pin to ground. Ripple = Allowable Inductor Current Ripple (A)
Current Limit. The current limit amplifier will shut the VIN(MIN) = Minimum Input Voltage (V)
NMOS switch off once the current exceeds its threshold.
VOUT(MAX) = Maximum Output Voltage (V)
The current amplifier delay to output is typically 50ns.
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LTC3423/LTC3424
U U W U
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
The inductor current ripple is typically set to 20% to 40% where
of the maximum inductor current.
IL = Average Inductor Current
For high efficiency, choose an inductor with a high fre- IP = Peak Inductor Current
quency core material, such as ferrite, to reduce core
losses. The inductor should have low ESR (equivalent The ESR is usually the most dominant factor for ripple in
series resistance) to reduce the I2R losses and must be most power converters. The ripple due to capacitor ESR is
able to handle the peak inductor current at full load without simply given by:
saturating. Molded chokes or chip inductors usually do VRCESR = IP • RESR Volts
not have enough core to support the peak inductor cur-
rents in the 1A to 2A region. To minimize radiated noise, where
use a toroid, pot core or shielded bobbin inductor. See RESR = Capacitor Series Resistance
Table 1 for a list of component suppliers.
Low ESR capacitors should be used to minimize output
Table 1. Inductor Vendor Information voltage ripple. For surface mount applications, AVX TPS
SUPPLIER PHONE FAX WEBSITE series tantalum capacitors and Sanyo POSCAP or Taiyo-
Coilcraft (847) 639-6400 (847) 639-1469 www.coilcraft.com Yuden ceramic capacitors are recommended. For through-
Coiltronics (516) 241-7876 (516) 241-9339 www.coiltronics.com hole applications Sanyo OS-CON capacitors offer low ESR
Murata (814) 237-1431 (814) 238-0490 www.murata.com in a small package size. See Table 2 for a list of component
(800) 831-9172 suppliers.
Sumida
USA: (847) 956-0666 (847) 956-0702 www.japanlink.com
In some layouts it may be required to place a 1µF low ESR
Japan: 81-3-3607-5111 81-3-3607-5144 sumida capacitor as close to the VOUT and GND pins as possible.
Table 2. Capacitor Vendor Information
SUPPLIER PHONE FAX WEBSITE
Rt SHDN
MODE VC AVX (803) 448-9411 (803) 448-1943 www.avxcorp.com
VIN FB
SW VOUT VDD IN Sanyo (619) 661-6322 (619) 661-1055 www.sanyovideo.com
GND VDD 2.7V
TO 5.5V Taiyo Yuden (408) 573-4150 (408) 573-4159 www.t-yuden.com
8
LTC3423/LTC3424
U U W U
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
Operating Frequency Selection 130mA/100mV, and the LTC3424 is typically 170mA/
100mV, so the amount of signal injected is proportional to
There are several considerations in selecting the operat-
ing frequency of the converter. The first is determining the the anticipated change of inductor current with load. The
outer voltage loop performs the remainder of the correc-
sensitive frequency bands that cannot tolerate any spec-
tion, but because of the load feed forward signal, the range
tral noise. For example, in products incorporating RF
communications, the 455kHz IF frequency is sensitive to over which it must slew is greatly reduced. This results in
an improved transient response. A logic level feed forward
any noise, therefore switching above 600kHz is desired.
signal, VFF, is coupled through components C5 and R6.
Some communications have sensitivity to 1.1MHz. In this
The amount of feed forward signal is attenuated with
case, converter frequencies up to 3MHz may be em-
resistor R6 and is given by the following relationship:
ployed.
The second consideration is the physical size of the V • R5 • VIN • 1.5
converter. As the operating frequency goes up, the induc- R6 ≈ FF – R5
VOUT • ∆IOUT
tor and filter caps go down in value and size. The trade off
is in efficiency since the switching losses due to gate where ∆IOUT = load current change.
charge are going up proportional with frequency.
Another operating frequency consideration is whether the VIN VOUT
application can allow “pulse skipping.” In this mode, the
LTC3423/LTC3424
minimum on time of the converter cannot support the duty
VDD 6 4
cycle, so the converter ripple will go up and there will be IN VDD SW
R5
VOUT – VIN
fMAX _ NOSKIP = Hz
VOUT • tON(MIN) C5
3.3nF
LOAD FEED R6
FORWARD VFF
where tON(MIN) = minimum on time = 140ns SIGNAL 3423/24 F02
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LTC3423/LTC3424
U U W U
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
GDC = GCONTROLOUTPUT • GEA The typical error amp compensation is shown in Figure 3.
The equations for the loop dynamics are as follows:
2 • VIN
G CONTROL = , GEA ≈ 2000
IOUT 1
fPOLE1 ≈ Hz
The output filter pole is given by: 2 • π • 20 • 106 • C C1
which is extremelyclose to DC
IOUT
fFILTERPOLE = Hz 1
π • VOUT • C OUT fZERO1 = Hz
2 • π • RZ • C C1
where COUT is the output filter capacitor. 1
The output filter zero is given by: fPOLE2 ≈ Hz
2 • π • RZ • C C2
1
fFILTERZERO = Hz Refer to Application Note AN76 for more closed loop
2 • π • RESR • COUT
examples.
where RESR is the capacitor equivalent series resistance.
A troublesome feature of the boost regulator topology is VOUT
the right half plane zero (RHP) and is given by: + 1.25V
ERROR R1
AMP FB
2 – 8
VIN • RO
fRHPZ = Hz VC R2
2
2 • π • L • VO
9
CC1 CC2
RZ
At heavy loads this gain increase with phase lag can occur
at a relatively low frequency. The loop gain is typically 3423/24 F03
U
TYPICAL APPLICATIO
Typical Application with Output Disconnect
ZETEX
VIN = 0.9V TO 1.5V FMMT717
VOUT
LTC3423/LTC3424
3 4
VIN SW RB*
10 7
SHDN VOUT
2 8 C5
MODE/SYNC FB
1µF
6 9
VDD VDD VC
1 5
Rt GND
3423/24 TA03
10
LTC3423/LTC3424
U
TYPICAL APPLICATIO
Single Cell to 1.8V at 300mA, 1.8mm High
VDD VDD = 2.7V TO 5.5V L1
IN 4.7µH D1
VIN = 0.9V TO 1.5V VOUT
1.8V
300mA
LTC3423
6 4 R1
VDD SW
110k
10 7
SHDN VOUT
+
1 3 8 C3
– CELL VIN FB
22µF
2 9
MODE/SYNC VC
C1 C2 C4
1 5 470pF R2
2.2µF 4.7µF Rt GND
C5 249k
Rt fOSC = 1MHz RC 4.7pF
30.1k 82k
U
PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO
MS Package
10-Lead Plastic MSOP
(Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1661)
0.889 ± 0.127
(.035 ± .005)
5.23
(.206) 3.2 – 3.45
MIN (.126 – .136)
3.00 ± 0.102
(.118 ± .004) 0.497 ± 0.076
3.05 ± 0.38 0.50
(.0120 ± .0015) (.0197) (NOTE 3) (.0196 ± .003)
10 9 8 7 6
TYP BSC REF
RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD LAYOUT
11
Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no represen-
tation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.
LTC3423/LTC3424
U
TYPICAL APPLICATIO
Triple Output Converter
D2 D3 D4 D5
3.6V
2mA
4.7µF
0.1µF 0.1µF 0.1µF
0.1µF D6
VDD VDD = 2.7V TO 5.5V L1
IN 2.2µH D1 4.7µF
VIN = 0.9V TO 1.5V VOUT
1.8V D7
700mA –1.1V
LTC3423 1mA
6 4 R1
VDD SW
110k
10 7
+ SHDN VOUT
1 3 C3
8
– CELL VIN FB 44µF
(2× 22µF)
2 9
MODE/SYNC VC
C1 C2 C4
1 5 470pF R2
2.2µF 10µF Rt GND
C5 249k
Rt f RC 4.7pF
OSC = 1MHz
30.1k 82k
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34234f