BULIHAN INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL T

Bulihan, Silang Cavite

Coffee Consumption on Academic Performance of BINHS Senior High

School Students

A Research Paper
Presented to the Faculty of
Science Department / Science Technology
Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
Bulihan Integrated National Highschool
Bulihan, Silang Cavite

In partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the academic track
Practical Research 1

Pabilonia, Kieth Salumbides

Tebrero, Gabriel Rodolfo Canbungcal
Vargas, Marvic Hunat
Picorro, Bea Fe Demotor
Tellor, Mitchel Lee Dala
STEM 11-3

SY. 2022-2023
CHAPTER II

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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Effects of Coffee Intake/Consumption

The purpose of this review is to provide the reader a general overview

of coffee consumption and its influence on academic performance. Caffeine is

widely consumed among students due to its cognitive and physical enhancing

effects. However, little is known about the consumption pattern of different

caffeinated products among university students in the United Arab Emirates

(UAE). (Kharaba et al., 2022). Drinking coffee has gradually moved from a

form of momentary comfort to a daily routine for society. Due to its availability,

caffeine is widely used as a source of energy. Coffee, pills, soda, and energy

drinks are some of the most popular sources of caffeine. Some of the benefits

that have been attributed to moderate caffeine intake include increased

attention, alertness, mood elevation, increased cognitive function and

fewer cognitive failures, lower risk of suicide, and fewer depressive symptoms.

Thus, caffeine use is extremely prevalent among college students. (Bertasi et

al., 2021).

Globally coffee is considered to be amongst commonly used

beverages due to the presence of chemical components like caffeine, cafestol,

kahweol and many micronutrients. It is considered as a primary source of

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caffeine intake among teenagers and adults. (Ahsan & Bashir, 2019) Coffee

began to be traded globally during the 13th century, and during this time,

the chosen brewing method was to simply steep coffee grounds in hot water.

(The History of Brewing Coffee, 2020). Compared today where coffee is a

mainstream brand in the market due to its affordability and the simple pleasure

it gives. (Ldn-Post, 2021). Since coffee blocks the body’s substance that

triggers drowsiness, it makes people feel more energetic. It improves mental

alertness and increases reaction time. Coffee causes the brain’s neurons to

fire more rapidly than usual, which makes the brain operate faster. Since

coffee alters the mind, it’s technically a type of drug. However, it’s much safer

than actual drugs such as Ritalin or Adderall. Since coffee increases energy,

it’s incredibly helpful for students pulling late-night study sessions or taking

early morning classes. (Developer, 2022).

The ancient Chinese used coffee for medicinal purposes. Many early

healers claimed that coffee could cure anything and everything, while others

cautioned people against its use. Ancient Chinese culture said that coffee was

part of the yang in nature. Coffee has a special place in traditional Chinese

medicine, where its bronchodilator, astringent, antipyretic,

and cardioprotective properties have been used for treating asthma, chronic

diarrhea, malaria, fever and irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia). (Coffee, 2023).

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Though coffee may have some Advantages and Disadvantages,

some of the advantages are Increase metabolism: Coffee also helps with

weight loss because it contains Chlorogenic acid which has been shown to

increase metabolism. Increase energy levels: Caffeine is a known stimulant

and helps increase energy levels. It can also help people who have trouble

focusing or need extra wakefulness. May help with type 2 diabetes: Whether

drinking coffee lowers your risk of type 2 diabetes can be argued, but it is

likely that the drink helps maintain a healthy body weight. In a study conducted

by Harvard University, researchers found that people who drank three to four

cups of coffee a day had lower levels of insulin resistance and consequently a

lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes. May benefit brain health: Drinking

coffee has been shown to have several health benefits, including reducing the

risk of developing dementia, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.

Researchers believe that it could be due to the antioxidant properties in coffee

or even its ability to increase levels of a neurotransmitter called

dopamine. Unfortunately, this can make coffee addictive too. Beneficial for

weight management: Studies have proven that coffee can help you lose

weight by reducing the calorie intake and appetite May protect liver function:

Coffee drinking has been linked to several health benefits, such as lower risk

of kidney stone formation, reduced risk of fractures in older adults, and

protective effects on cognitive function. May be beneficial for heart health:

Coffee contains a variety of compounds with potential benefits for heart health

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as well as reducing the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Some

disadvantages are as follows; Can cause anxiety: If you drink a lot of coffee, it

can cause anxiety and irritability. Over time, the same amount may not be

enjoyable for some people who are sensitive to what it does to their bodies.

Can cause Insomnia: Many people enjoy the taste, smell, and stimulating

effects that a cup of coffee in the morning provides, however for others these

effects are undesirable. Might be bad for the heart: There are a variety of

compounds in coffee, some that are good for your body and others that could

increase your risk of heart disease. These substances include caffeine,

theobromine, and polyphenols which help keep your blood vessels healthy but

can obstruct the same circulatory system when taken in large doses.

Not advisable for individuals with epilepsy: Some people may think that a cup

of caffeine is harmless for them, but for people with epilepsy, it’s a big mistake

to drink coffee. Adversely affecting many parts of the brain, caffeine causes

the seizure frequency to increase for up to 12 hours after Consumption.

(Prasanna, 2022).

Results revealed that before the implementation of the interventions,

both levels of performance of the groups are categorized below the average

level of performance in short-term memory recall, which implies that they were

having difficulty recalling the words that were tasked to recall. The result

showed that there is an improvement in the short-term memory recall of young

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adults in the experimental group after being exposed to caffeine. The post-

test performance of the control group found to be at the low average level of

performance, similarly, the experimental group found to be at the low average

level of performance as well. Finally, the study revealed that caffeine

consumption has a little amount of effect on the short-term memory recall of

the participants. (Publishers Panel, n.d.).

College students in today’s society have become dependent on

caffeine in order to perform at their best, with coffee as their preferred option.

However, many students have been consuming too much coffee. This has led

to “Caffeinism'', a syndrome resulting from chronic consumption of caffeine

and addiction. Its symptoms include nervous irritability, tremulousness,

occasional muscle twitching, sensory disturbances, tachypnea,

palpitation, flushing, arrhythmias, diuresis, and gastrointestinal disturbances.

2.2 Factors that affect Academic Performance

Academic performance is the measurement of student achievement

across various academic subjects. Teachers and education officials typically

measure achievement using classroom performance, graduation rates, and

results from standardized tests. (Academic Performance - Ballotpedia, n.d.).

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Education plays a pivotal role in producing qualified human power

that accelerates economic development and solves the real problems of a

community. Students are also expected to spend much of their time on their

education and need to graduate with good academic results. Higher education

institutions play a pivotal role in producing qualified human power that

enables solving the real problems of a community. Education is a powerful

agent of change that improves health and livelihoods and contributes to social

stability. At the micro-level, it is associated with better living standards for

individuals through improved productivity; given that those who have receiving

a higher education tends to have more economic and social opportunities. At

the macrolevel, education builds well-informed and skilled human capital,

which has been considered an engine of economic growth that positively

contributes to economic development. However, gaining knowledge, attitudes,

values, and skills through education is not a simple task; rather it is a long and

challenging trip in life. Students are expected to spend much of their time

studying and need to graduate with good academic results. Academic

performance/ achievement is the extent to which a student, teacher, or

institution has attained their short or long-term educational goals and is

measured either by continuous assessment or cumulative grade point

average (CGPA). And the importance of academic performance as education

is a powerful agent of change that produces qualified human power, improves

health and livelihoods, accelerates economic development, and solves the

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real problems of a community. Students are expected to spend much of their

time on their education and need to graduate with good academic

results. Academically good students have better employment benefits, higher

income, higher self-esteem and self-confidence, low levels of anxiety and

depression, and are less likely to engage in substance abuse. (Tadese et al.,

2022).

There are many factors influencing students' academic performance

to ensure they graduate on time. From past research, good performance of

students might be from teaching and learning process, infrastructure of

university, family and peers influence, and students financially. There are also

the other hidden factors on why students extend, maybe because of the health

of the student but it seems only a quarter have serious disease while studying

that they need to take a special study leave. Academic performance of

students will lead to increasing employment. If the students perform well in

their examination, then they will graduate on time. By getting the graduation

on time they still have a lot of time to further their study for the next stage. That

is why the students need to perform well in their study. By delaying or

extending because of poor academic performance, a student might be tired

and bored to study because they feel their study. The period is too long.

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(Academic Performance of University Students: A Case in a Higher Learning

Institution | KnE Social Sciences, n.d.).

Students' academic performance embodies an essential part of the

constellation of factors determinant of student success. Also, it plays a very

significant role in education, primarily as a concrete tool to assess the

student's learning process. Psychologists and researchers have attempted to

comprehend how students vary in processing, retaining, and retrieving

learning information and have used various personality, attitudinal, cognitive

styles, and ability measures.

2.3 Synthesis of the Related Literature

The studies suggest that caffeine is a widely consumed substance among

students due to its cognitive and physical enhancing effects. Coffee is the most

popular source of caffeine among teenagers and adults, and its consumption has

gradually moved from a form of momentary comfort to a daily routine. (Ahsan &

Bashir, 2019), (Bertasi et al., 2021), (Ldn-Post, 2021). Moderate caffeine intake has

been attributed to several benefits, including increased attention, alertness, mood

elevation, cognitive function, and fewer cognitive failures. Coffee contains chemical

components like caffeine, cafestol, kahweol, and many micronutrients. It is

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considereda primary source of caffeine intake among university students in the United

Arab Emirates (UAE). (Kharaba et al., 2022). The various works of literature and

studies cited were all related to and are significant to this study since all of them have

a deep relation with the words coffee consumption and academic performance

specifically with each and each research contributing to the factor of coffee

consumption and academic performance. The review suggests that coffee consumption

is prevalent among college students, and its effects on academic performance are still

not well-known. Future research should explore the relationship between

coffee consumption and academic performance among BINHS students.

The research differs from the aforementioned studies because it will deal with

the effect of caffeine on students regarding their academic performance. The findings

this study may find will be able to fill in the hole of previous researchers that

conducted a study about the correlation of coffee consumption and academic

performance.

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REFERENCES

Academic performance - Ballotpedia. (n.d.). Ballotpedia.

https://ballotpedia.org/Academic_performance#:~:text=Academic

%20performance%20is%20the%20measurement,and%20results%20from

%20standardized%20tests.

Academic Performance of University Students: A Case in a Higher Learning

Institution | KnE Social Sciences. (n.d.).

https://knepublishing.com/index.php/Kne-Social/article/view/4285/8800

Ahsan, F., & Bashir, S. (2019). Coffee Consumption: Health Perspectives and

Drawbacks. ResearchGate.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/

334364002_Coffee_Consumption_Health_Perspectives_and_Drawbacks

Coffee. (2023b, March 15). HerbaZest.

https://www.herbazest.com/herbs/coffee

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Ldn-Post. (2021). Why Drinking Coffee Is Now More Popular Than Ever.

London Post.

https://london-post.co.uk/why-drinking-coffee-is-now-more-popular-than-ever/

#:~:text=Affordable,the%20prices%20of%20almost%20everything.

Tadese, M., Yeshaneh, A., & Mulu, G. B. (2022a). Determinants of good

academic performance among university students in Ethiopia: a cross-

sectional study. BMC Medical Education, 22(1).

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03461-0

The History of Brewing Coffee. (2020, June 23). Aeropress UK.

https://www.aeropress.co.uk/blogs/news/history-brewing-coffee#:~:text=Coffee

%20began%20to%20be%20traded,go%2C%20as%20we%20can%20today!

Prasanna. (2022). Coffee Advantages And Disadvantages | The World’s Most

Popular Drink, 8 Benefits and 7 Disadvantages of Coffee. A Plus Topper.

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https://www.aplustopper.com/coffee-advantages-and-disadvantages/

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