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    The document discusses two examples of calculating time studies using different methods: 1) The first example uses snapback timing to calculate normal time and standard time for a work cycle consisting of multiple elements. Normal time is calculated by performance rating operator elements and taking the maximum time. Standard time adds allowance time to the normal time. 2) The second example uses continuous timing to calculate normal time, standard time, and worker efficiency. Normal time is calculated by performance rating operator elements and adding them to the machine time. Standard time adds allowances to normal time. Worker efficiency is calculated by comparing work completed to standard time worked. The document demonstrates how to use different time study methods like snapback timing and continuous timing to

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    Note for Work design and Ergonomics final

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    NOTE-WD

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    The document discusses two examples of calculating time studies using different methods: 1) The first example uses snapback timing to calculate normal time and standard time for a work cycle consisting of multiple elements. Normal time is calculated by performance rating operator elements and taking the maximum time. Standard time adds allowance time to the normal time. 2) The second example uses continuous timing to calculate normal time, standard time, and worker efficiency. Normal time is calculated by performance rating operator elements and adding them to the machine time. Standard time adds allowances to normal time. Worker efficiency is calculated by comparing work completed to standard time worked. The document demonstrates how to use different time study methods like snapback timing and continuous timing to

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    7 views4 pages

    Note WD

    Uploaded by

    Lê Trường Thịnh
    The document discusses two examples of calculating time studies using different methods: 1) The first example uses snapback timing to calculate normal time and standard time for a work cycle consisting of multiple elements. Normal time is calculated by performance rating operator elements and taking the maximum time. Standard time adds allowance time to the normal time. 2) The second example uses continuous timing to calculate normal time, standard time, and worker efficiency. Normal time is calculated by performance rating operator elements and adding them to the machine time. Standard time adds allowances to normal time. Worker efficiency is calculated by comparing work completed to standard time worked. The document demonstrates how to use different time study methods like snapback timing and continuous timing to

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    of 4

    REVIEW FINAL SEM II - 2223

    WORK DESIGN AND ERGOOMICS

    I. Time study: (snapback timing ≠ continuous timing)


    • Tn = Tobs*PR (PR: performance rate)
    • Tstd = Tn*(1+A)
    • Hstd = Q/Tstd
    • Ew = Hstd/hour-shift

    Example 1: The snapback timing method was used to obtain average times for work elements
    in one work cycle. The times are given in the table below. Element d is a machine-controlled
    element, and the time is constant. Elements a, b, c, e, and f are operator-controlled and were
    performance rated at 80%; however, elements e and f are performed during the machine-
    controlled element d. The machine allowance is zero (no extra time is added to the machine
    cycle), and the PFD allowance is 14%. Determine
    (a) the normal time for the cycle
    (b) the standard time for the cycle
    E Elements a b c d e f
    Observed time
    0.24 0.30 0.17 0.76 0.26 0.14
    (min)

    (a) The normal time for the cycle


    - For a, b, c: (0.24 + 0.3 + 0.17)*0.8 = 0.568 min
    - For e, f: (0.26 + 0.14)*0.8 = 0.32 min
    => Tn = 0.568 + max(0.32;0.76) = 0.568 + 0.76 = 1.328 min

    (b) The standard time for the cycle


    Tstd = 0.568*(1+14%) + 0.76 = 1.40752 min
    Example 2: The continuous timing method in direct time study was used to obtain the element
    times for a worker-machine task as indicated in the table below. Element c is a machine-
    controlled element, and the time is constant. Elements a, b, d, e, and f are operator-
    controlled and external to the machine cycle, and were performance rated at 80%. If the
    machine allowance is 25%, and the worker allowance for personal time, fatigue, and delays is
    15%, determine.
    (a) the normal time
    (b) standard time for the cycle
    (c) If the worker completed 360 work units working 7.2 hours on an 8-hour shift, what was the
    worker’s efficiency?

    E Elements a b c d e f
    Observed time
    0.18 0.30 0.88 1.12 1.55 1.80
    (min)

    (a) The normal time


    Observed time for each element is
    Te (a) = 0.18
    Te (b) = 0.30 – 0.18 = 0.12
    Te (c) = 0.88 – 0.30 = 0.58
    Te (d) = 1.12 – 0.88 = 0.24
    Te (e) = 1.55 – 1.12 = 0.43
    Te (f) = 1.80 – 1.55 = 0.25
    => Tn = (0.18 + 0.12 + 0.24 + 0.43 + 0.25)*0.8 + 0.58 = 1.556 min
    (b) The standard time for the cycle
    Tstd = [(0.18 + 0.12 + 0.24 + 0.43 + 0.25)*0.8]*(1 + 15%) + 0.58*(1+15%) = 1.8474 min
    (c) If the worker completed 360 work units working 7.2 hours on an 8-hour shift, what was
    the worker’s efficiency?
    Ew = (360*1.8474)/(60*8) = 139%
    II. Write a list of the therbligs that comprise this motion sequence, label each
    basic motion with a brief description. Using MTM 1 (Methods – Time
    Measurement), determine the time of the task in sec?
    Example:
    Answer:

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