Advance Structure Unit 3 - Preposition - Meaning - Pert 4

Advanced Structure English Education Study Program
CHAPTER 3
THE PREPOSITION & MEANING
A. PREE - TEST
Direction: These questions are incomplete sentences. Fill in the blanks with the
correct proportion!
1. The cat was sitting ……. the window sill.

2. It looked out of the window ……. a bird.
3. The bird was eating ……. the garden.
4. The cat watched the bird ……. two hours.
5. A man saw the cat go ……. the garden.
6. The man sat ……. a chair.
7. He had been there ……. lunchtime.
8. He was ……. the living room.
9. There was an old newspaper ……. the table.
10. He left it there three days ……., but had not read it yet.
11. His wife came home ……. 4 pm.
12. She said she did not think he would be …….home.
13. He told her he sat down an hour ……..
14. She looked ……. him suspiciously.
15. She put her handbag ……. the newspaper.
16. The man watched her ……. a minute.
17. He put a teabag ……. a cup.
18. She said she had been walking too much ……. the morning.
19. The woman looked …….the man.
20. The audience laughed ……. her funny jokes.
21. He must account ……. all the information in our report.
22. Jack agrees …….your answer for the problem.
23. He apologized ……. his friends ……. his rude behavior.
24. We arrived ……. the test center on time.
25. They arrived ……. the same solution for the problem.
26. The man borrowed some paper …….my roommate.
27. The teacher commented ……. the effect of the election on the economy.
28. He communicated ……. his teacher about his grade.
29. Please compare Clinton's presidency ……. Reagan's.
30. He compared the food in the cafeteria ……. his mother's cooking.
31. The students complained ……. the food in the cafeteria.
32. The teacher complimented Maria ……. the good work she did on the
examination.
85 FBS UNINDRA PGRI JAKARTA By Selamat H. Napitupulu

33. The teacher congratulated all the students ……. their final reports.
34. My plane stopped ……. Dubai and Hanoi and arrived ……. Bangkok two hours
late.
35. The author's name is ……. the cover of the book.
36. I live ……. the 7th floor at 21 Oxford Street ……. London.
37. They drove ……. Chicago to Tulsa ……. 6:00 AM ……. noon.
38. There isn’t any food ……. the fridge but there is some fruit ……. the table.
39. I have got posters …….stars in the walls ……. my room.
40. He had to retire ……. ill health.
41. My mum is ……. work and my dad is ……. the shops.
42. Can you see the helicopter ……. the palace?
43. The water came up ……. our knees.
44. My family usually stays……. the house when the weather is cold.
45. The cat lies ……. the chair
46. Indonesia is ……. Malaysia, Philippines, Australia, and Timor Loose.
47. The girl is standing laughing ……. a crowd of journalists.
48. Sir. Sanggam Siahaan has been publishing linguistics books ……. 2000 after he
finished his study from UNIMED Medan
49. All the students in the class are not familiar ……. the new equipment.
50. My employer says she is not satisfied ……. my performance.
B. THE DEFINITION OF PREPOSITION

A preposition is a word which relates words in a sentence in order to affect the structure and
meaning of the sentence. A preposition usually indicates the temporal, spatial or logical
relationship of its object to the rest of the sentence as in the following examples:
a. I live in Medan
b. The man in the room is sir. William.
c. She left before breakfast.
d. The woman comes from USA
There are three major types preposition such as: simple prepositions and compound, complex
and common combination with preposition
C. THE SIMPLE PREPOSITION

The following are the most common simple prepositions as well as the meaning and
examples:
No Preposition Meaning Examples

1 above higher than, or over The sun is above the clouds.
It's dangerous to run across the
across from one side to the other
2 road.
following something The boy ran after the ball.
3 after
later than I'll phone you after lunch.
4 against in opposition to Stealing is against the law.

in contact with The sofa is against the wall.

5 along from one end to the other They are walking along the street.
surrounded by Peter was among the spectators.
6 among in a circle He walked around the table.
near, approximately It costs around 50 euros.
7 behind at the back of Passengers sit behind the driver.
8 below lower than His shorts are below his knees.
9 beneath under The pen was beneath the books.
10 beside next to The bank is beside the cinema.
11 between in the space separating two things Mary sat between Tom and Jane.
12 by near, at the side of The restaurant is by the river.
13 close to near The school is near the church.
14 down from higher to lower She pulled down the blind.
15 for what is intended I bought this book for you.
where something starts or The wind is blowing from the
16 from
originates north.
17 in at a point within an area The pen is in the drawer.
The child ran out in front of the
18 in front of directly before
bus.
19 inside on the inner part of The bird is inside the cage.
20 into enter a closed space He went into the shop.
21 near close to The school is near the church.
22 next to beside The bank is next to the cinema.
23 off down or away from He fell off the horse.
24 on in a position touching a surface The plate is on the table.
The cat jumped onto the roof of
25 onto move to a position on a surface
the car.
26 opposite facing, on the other side Eva sat opposite Tom at the table.
27 outside opposite of inside, on the outer side The garden is outside the house.
28 past beyond She drove past the supermarket.
29 round in a circular movement The earth moves round the sun.
30 through from one side to the other The Seine flows through Paris.
The virus spread throughout the
31 throughout in every part of
country.

32 to in the direct of / towards On the way to the station.

33 towards in the direction of The child ran towards her father.
34 under beneath, below Water flows under the bridge.
There was dust underneath the
35 underneath beneath
rug.
36 up towards or in a higher position She walked up the stairs.
37 past beyond She drove past the supermarket.
before earlier than The day before yesterday.

38
in front of He bowed before the king.
out of move from a closed space He got out of the taxi.
39
without She's out of work.
over above/across The plane flew over the Atlantic.
40
on the surface of She put a sheet over the furniture.
Based on the above simple preposition, it can be classified into ‘ time, direction, and place ‘,
as follows:
1. Prepositions of Time
Prepositions of time indicate the period of time that something happens (during, from,
since, throughout, until, etc.)
Examples:
✓ I had a couple of terrifying nightmares during the night.
✓ She swears never to talk to me again from tomorrow.
✓ His girlfriend has been missing since last Sunday.
✓ He slept throughout the lecture.
✓ They said I was breastfed until the age of six.
Prepositions of time used to indicate a particular time (at, by, in, on, etc.)
Examples:
✓ I had a big argument with my grandma at lunchtime.
✓ The funeral should be over by five o’clock.
✓ The astrologer said I would be dead in five years.
✓ The boss is always sleepy on Monday mornings.
Prepositions of time used to indicate a particular time in relation to another (after, before,
etc.)
Examples:
✓ I start to wonder whether I will be in Heaven or Hell after death.
✓ I usually need to go to the toilet before having my breakfast.
2. Prepositions of Direction
These prepositions show direction of movement to somewhere (into, onto, to, etc.).
Examples:
✓ A fly got into his soup while he was eating it.
✓ I must have put the pumpkin onto someone else’s trolley in the supermarket.
✓ The teacher has gone to the loo again.

These prepositions show direction of movement from somewhere (away from, from, off,
etc.).
Examples:
✓ He warned them to keep away from his daughter.
✓ Two tigers in the circus have escaped from their cage.
✓ The strong wind blew the wig off his head.
3. Prepositions of Place
Prepositions of place tell us the position of something (across, in, inside, on, outside,
etc.).
Examples:
✓ The newly built bridge across the river has just collapsed.
✓ His alarm clock went off twice and he is still in bed.
✓ There was something like a snake inside the dark cage.
✓ There was a fly on the bull’s nose.
✓ I fell asleep while waiting outside the clinic for my turn.
Prepositions of place tell us the position of something in relation to another (behind,
beside, between, in front, near, etc.).
Examples:
✓ Behind his farmhouse was a big scary scarecrow.
✓ I sat beside a snoring lady in the cinema.
✓ There is an awkward gap between her two front teeth.
✓ Someone parked a tractor in front of our house.
✓ Don’t go near her. She’s got a bad cold.
D. THE COMPOUND PREPOSITIONS
Some prepositions are composed of more than one word and are called compound
prepositions such as:
1. according to 9. across from
2. because of 10. in between
3. instead of 11. out of
4. next to 12. as for/of/to
5. but for 13. up on
6. except for 14. except for
7. due to 15. up to
8. as regards 16. up with, etc.
Examples:
1. According to him, his wife is the most beautiful woman in town.
2. He had to retire because of ill health.
3. You should do something instead of talking about it all the time.
4. The circus clown is sitting next to her.
5. Her face was perfect aside from that one hairy mole.
6. The bucks fought hard and it’s all because of a doe.
E. THE COMPLEX PREPOSITIONS

A complex preposition is made up of a simple preposition followed by a noun and then
followed by another simple. Complex prepositions can be divided into two groups: two-word
and three-word units. They are relatively easy to identify:
1. Two-word prepositions consist of a word + a simple preposition.
2. Three-word sequences include a simple preposition + a Noun + a simple preposition.

Examples:
• as far as • in front of
• in addition to • in between
• in front of • according to
• in spite of • such as
• on account of • thanks to
• as a result of • as far as
• in spite of • on account of
Examples:
1. In addition to that, the above sentences can be changed without changing the
meaning by adding the preposition.
2. As a result of the test, all the students passed the test well.
3. She parked her car right in front of mine.
4. They did not postpone the match in spite of the rain.
5. The book is in between War and Peace and The Lord of the Rings.
6. According to my mother, my father died in 1988.
7. There are many beautiful countries in America such as Peru and Brazil.
8. Thanks to my father, my brother has a new car.
9. The explosion could be heard as far as the police station, which is five
kilometers away.
10. In addition to an apple tree in his backyard, he has a pear tree in front of his
house.
11. They continued with their search and rescue mission in spite of the bad weather.
12. He can’t sing any more on account of his failing health.
13. In spite of such local and regional disasters, the overall human population on
earth has continued to grow.
F. THE COMMON COMBINATION WITH PREPOSITION
1. NOUN + PREPOSITION
Some nouns are commonly followed by collocating prepositions, for examples:
1. equivalent of 11. method of/for
2. quality of 12. hatred of/for
3. pair of 13. need of/for
4. number of 14. means of/for
5. reason for 15. a prelude to
6. sample of 16. a sequel to
7. example of 17. a taste for
8. exception to 18. a craving for
9. possibility of 19. an attack on
10. fear of/for 20. insurance against

21. a relationship with 23. an extract from

22. a safeguard against
Examples:
1. The hostages didn't give up hope of being released.
2. The quality of the products is not good to export.
3. The reason for him not to sign the contract is not fact.
4. The method of his teaching made the students not to be attractive.
5. I saw a sample of her work and was quite impressed.
6. They have yet to discover a new method of/method for analyzing this
information.
7. Devi, a small daughter, is fear of/for her ten dogs.
8.
2. ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION
Some adjectives are commonly followed by collocating prepositions, for
examples:
1. satisfied with 18. allergic to
2. divorced from 19. hostile to
3. quality of 20. sorry for
4. interested in 21. angry with
5. fond of 22. disturbed by
6. isolated from 23. interested in
7. afraid of 24. worried about
8. accustomed to 25. similar to
9. amenable to 26. related to
10. inferior to 27. characteristic to
11. similar to 28. typical of
12. different from 29. fraught with
13. familiar with 30. responsible for
14. nervous about 31. riddled with
15. afraid of 32. annoyed about
16. happy about 33. upset about
17. sad about 34. deficient in
35. lacking in
Examples:
1. No one believed him guilty of this terrible crime.
2. All the students in the class are not familiar with the new equipment.
3. The students are afraid of the new teacher.
4. She is sad about her all scores.
5. They are very sorry for coming late
6. William is quite fond of cooking Oriental food.
7. My employer says she is not satisfied with my performance.
8. Margaret is afraid of large dogs.
9. The lawyers were happy about the judge’s decision.
10. We are not familiar with the terms of law.

3. VERB + PREPOSITION is used to complete the idea of the verb , for examples:
1. detract from 45. consented to

2. emerge from 46. consists of
3. confide in 47. congratulated on
4. plan on 48. convinced of
5. engage in 49. decide between/on
6. pay for 50. depend on
7. escape from 51. approves of
8. remove from 52. disapproves of
9. depend on 53. dreams about
10. approve of 54. excused of
11. mingle with 55. explained about
12. account for 56. get along with
13. accused of 57. get back from
14. adapted to 58. get rid of
15. added to 59. get through with
16. agreed on 60. get used to
17. agree with 61. happened to
18. apologized for 62. confidence in
19. apologized to 63. influence on
20. applying for 64. opportunity for
21. approved of 65. opportunity to
22. argued with 66. patience with
23. arrived at 67. reason for
24. arrived at 68. heard about
25. asked for 69. hear from
26. became of 70. heard of
27. believes in 71. insists on
28. belongs to 72. introduced to
29. blames for 73. invited to
30. blame for 74. keep for
31. blamed on 75. keep away from
32. borrowed from 76. keep on
33. care about 77. laughed about
34. care for 78. laughed at
35. caring for 79. learned about
36. catch up with 80. listening for
37. comes from 81. listened to
38. commented on 82. look at
39. communicated with 83. looked for
40. compare with 84. looking forward to
41. complained about 85. objected to
42. complimented on 86. participated in
43. congratulated on 87. paid for
44. concentrate on 88. plan on
89. prefers to 105. substitute for

90. preparing for 106. substitute for
91. prevented from 107. subtracts from
92. provided with/for 108. succeeded in/at
93. recovering from 109. take of
94. referred to 110. talked with/to/about
95. related to 111. thanked for
96. relied on 112. thought of/about
97. remind of 113. threw away
98. searched for 114. voted for
99. see about 115. waited for
100. sent for 116. wasted on
101. Separate from 117. wished for
102. showed up 118. works for
103. spends on 119. carry about
104. stop from
Examples:
1. The audience laughed at her funny jokes.
2. He must account for all the information in our report.
3. Jack agrees with your answer for the problem.
4. He apologized to his friends for his rude behavior.
5. We arrived at the test center on time.
6. They arrived at the same solution for the problem.
7. I don’t believe in you that you always tell the lie.
8. The man borrowed some paper from my roommate.
9. The teacher commented on the effect of the election on the economy.
10. He communicated with his teacher about his grade.
11. Please compare Clinton's presidency with Reagan's.
12. He compared the food in the cafeteria with his mother's cooking.
13. The students complained about the food in the cafeteria.
14. The teacher complimented Maria on the good work she did on the examination.
15. The teacher congratulated all the students on their final reports.
G. Preposition as a completion of meaning

There are some verbs which can be followed with different preposition of course
different meaning that is meant to complete the idea of the verb, for examples:
Verb Preposition Meaning Sentences

at memperhatikan You look at me like that
in melihat kedalam You looked in the empty room.
for mencari You looked for your dog.
look up mencari You may look up the meaning of ‘

grace ‘ in the dictionary

down meremehkan You look down me
around berputar You look around in the place
up naik tangga Jack puts up the stairs.
Put away menjauhkan She put the cat away from the baby.
outside Mengusir/menempatkan She put the cat outside.
Thus, the meaning can be different based on the function as follows:
1 Literal Meaning each word has a dictionary meaning (word for word)
2 Less Literal a second or third meaning for a word in the dictionary (not
central, additional, older, or new meaning)
3 More Figurative a fourth or subsequent (5th, 6th, 7th, etc.) meaning
4 Figurative/Idiom two or more words that together express a meaning (each
word does not have usual meaning)
Look at the following examples:
Literal meaning Less literal More figurative Figurative / idiom

A fireman puts out I don't want to put
He puts out the They puts out a fires. you out.
cat quality product.
1
angers, upsets
places away from places to a state of
(troubles someone;
places away from, (produce, extinction or
forces someone out of
takes outside distribute to the nonexistence
his/her
public) (extinguishes flames)
comfort/home)
She puts her She puts the She puts in four hours The ship puts in for
earrings in a box. flowers in a vase. of time. fresh provisions.
2 places mostly places within (works, docks (brings a vessel
places within a within (places contributes to a central to port and puts its
space, not out stems inside not effort) anch
the flowers)
He puts his keys He puts pictures Are you putting me
She puts a coat on.
on a table. on the wall. on?
places above or places vertically
3 horizontally so so that it is places so that it is jokes, deceives (puts
that it is touching touching a touching a supporting someone on stage or
a supporting supporting 3-D figure (wears) on display as a fool)
surface surface
Addition to that, you may look the separable prepositional verbs in following boxes
how the preposition is separated between ‘ verb as predicate and preposition’.
Separable prepositional verbs Inseparable prepositional verb

Separable prepositional verb can be separated with an Inseparable prepositional verb can’t
object and can’t be followed with object pronoun. be separated with an object and can
be followed with object pronoun.
1 He took his coat off. He took it off. The airplane took off. (departed)
He took off his coat. Or He took off it. School lets out in June. (finishes)
(removed)
2 He gave money He got on well with his
He gave it away.
away.
He gave money He got on well with his
He gave away *it.
away. (give as a gift) classmates. (worked in harmony)
3 She let my dress out. She let it out. He made out well in life. (succeeded)
She let out my The piano took up most of the living
She let out *it.
dress. (enlarged) room. (occupied)
4 He got his shoes on. He got them on. I looked after the children. (take
care of)
He got on his I looked after them.
He got on *them.
shoes. (wore)
5 He made the check He looks up to his big
He made it out for $100.
out for $100. brother. (admires)
He made out the He looks up to him.
He made out *it (wrote)
check for $100.
6 He took the piano She wouldn't put up with bad
He took it up.
up. behavior. (tolerate)
He took up the She wouldn't put up with it.
piano. (begin to He took up *it.
learn)
7 I looked the bills
I looked them over.
over.
I looked over the I looked over *them.

bills. (review)
8 Look the word up. Look it up.
Look up the
word. (search in Look up *it.
reference book)
9 She put the fire out. She put it out.
She put out the
She put out *it.
fire. (extinguish)
H. THE VERBAL IDIOMS
Verb + Preposition ‘Unspecified vs. Specified’
Unspecified preposition (more than Specified preposition (one in particular)

one)
Commonly, Verb with preposition which is A verb that needs a special preposition is used for
not special has the literal meaning. Look ‘figurative and idiomatic’ meaning. Look at the
at the following examples: following examples:
Literal Meaning Sentence Meaning
Olivia arrives at school at 8:00 a.m. (1) Olivia arrived at the Figurative Meaning
solution after a while. : ‘ a point of success’
Note : Literal Meaning : "a precise (2) Olivia goes at math Idiomatic Meaning :
point / in class, on campus’ problems. ‘ attacks, work
energetically ‘
Olivia gets on the bus on Monday. (1) Olivia gets on a new diet Figurative Meaning
every week. : ‘a supporting diet
Note : Literal Meaning : ‘ a plat form’
supporting surface’ / in class, on (2) Olivia gets on her clothes Idiomatic Meaning :
campus, up the hill, over the fence, etc. before she eats. dresses
Olivia lives in the city. (1) Olivia lives in harmony. Figurative Meaning
: ‘a bounded
Note : Literal Meaning : ‘ a bounded concept’; in–style,
or enclosed area’/ peace, jeopardy.
at home, under a bridge, by me, up the (2) Olivia reins in her Idiomatic Meaning :
hill, etc. spending. ‘controls her
spending’
Olivia runs into the classroom. (1) Olivia ran into trouble. Figurative Meaning
: ‘inside a situation ‘
Note : Literal Meaning : ‘ inside an (2) Olivia ran into a friend. Idiomatic Meaning :

enclosed location / ‘ under the bridge, ‘met by chance ’

by the field, above the river, to the
gym, etc.’
A verbal idiom is group of words, containing a verb that has a meaning different from
the meaning of any individual word within it. The following list of two-and three-
word verbal idioms should be learned.
N VERBAL MEANING SENTENCES

O IDIOM
1. break off end As a result of the recent, unprovoked attack, the two
countries broke off their diplomatic relation.
2. bring up raise; initiate The county commissioner brought up the heated issue of
restricting on-street parking.
3. call on ask The teacher called on James to write the equation on the
blackboard
visit The new minister called on each of the families of his
church in order to become better acquainted with them.
4. care for like Because Maria doesn’t care for dark colors, she buys only
brightly colored clothes.
look after My neighbors asked me to care for their children after
school.
5. check out borrow book, etc., I went to the library and checked out thirty books last
from a library. night for my research paper.
investigate This photocopy machine is not working properly. Could
you check out the problem?
6. check out of leave We were told that we had to check out of the hotel before
one o’clock, or else we would have to pay for another day.
7. check (up) on investigate The insurance company decided to check up on his
driving record before insuring him.
8. close in on draw nearer, In his hallucinatory state, the addict felt that the walls were
approach. closing in on him.
9. come along with accompany June came along with her supervisor to the budget
meeting.
10. come down with become ill with During the summer, many people come down with
intestinal disorders.
11. count on depend on; rely on Maria was counting on the grant money to pay her way
through graduate school.
12. do away with eliminate; get rid of Because of the increasing number of problems created
after the football games, the director has decided to do
way with all sports activities.
13. draw up write; draft (such as A new advertising contract was drawn up after the terms
plans or contracts) had been decided.
14. drop out of quit; withdraw from This organization has done a great deal to prevent young
people from dropping out of school.
15. figure out solve; decipher; After failing to figure out his income tax return, Jack
interpreter; decided to see an accountant.
understand.
16. find out discover Erin just found out that her ancestors had come from
Scotland, not Ireland.
17. get by manage to survive Despite the high cost of living, we will get by on my
salary.
18. get through finish Jerry called for an earlier appointment because he got

through with his project sooner than he had expected.

mange to It is difficult to get through to someone who doesn’t
communicate understand you language.
19. get up arise Pete usually gets up early in the morning, but this morning
he overslept.
organize Paul is trying to get up a group of square dancers to go
Switzerland.
20. give up stop; cease Helen gave up working for the company because she felt
that the employees were not treated fairly.
21. go along with agree Mr. Robison always goes along with anything his
employer wants to do.
22. hold on to grass; maintain Despite moving to the western world, Mariko held on to
her Oriental ways.
23. hold up rob at gunpoint The convenience store was help up last night.
endure or withstand Mrs. Jones held up very well after her husband’s death.
pressure or use
stop Last night’s accident held up rush hour traffic for two
hours.
24. keep on continue I keep on arguing Rita to practice the violin, but she
doesn’t heed my advice.
25. look after care for After my aunt had died, her lawyer looked after my
uncle’s financial affairs.
26. look into investigate Laura is looking into the possibility of opening a
drugstore in Dallas as well as in Front Worth.
27. pass out/hand distribute The political candidate passed out campaign literature to
out her coworkers.
28. pass out faint The intense heat in the garden caused Maria to pass out.
29. pick out select; choose The judges were asked to pick out the essays that showed
the most originality.
30. point out indicate Being a professional writer, Jonas helped us by pointing
out problems in style.
31. put off postpone Because Brain was a poor correspondent, he put off
answering his letters.
32. run across discover While rummaging through some old boxes in the attic, I
ran across my grandmother’s wedding dress.
33. run into meet by accident When Jack was in New York, he ran into an old friend at
the theater.
34. see about consider; attend to My neighbor is going to see about getting tickets for next
Saturday’s football game.
35. take off leave the ground to Our flight to Toronto took off on schedule.
fly
36. take over for substitute for Marie had a class this afternoon, so Janet took over for
her.
37. talk over discuss The committee is talking over the plans for the
homecoming dance and banquet.
38. try out test General Mills asked us to try out their new product.
audition for a play Marguerite plans to try out for the lead in the new
musical.
39. turn in submit The students turned in their term papers on Monday.
go to bed After a long hard day, we decided to turn in early.
40. watch out for be cautious or alert While driving through that development, we had to watch
for the little children playing in the street.
41. ask someone out invite on a date Why don't you ask Carla out to dinner?
42. ask around ask different people I asked around but nobody is helping.
43. add up to
something
to combine Your savings will add up over time.
44. back something reverse Back up your truck so I park.

up
45. back someone
up
support We will back you up financially.
46. blow up explode They blew up the tanks.
47. blow something
up
add air Blow up the balloons.
48. break up to separate Katie broke up with her boyfriend.
49. break down stop functioning My car broke down in the middle of the road.
50. break something divide into smaller
down
Break it down so we can understand better.
parts
51. break in Entering by force The thief must have broken in from the back door.
52. break into
something
enter by force Someone broke into my car yesterday night.
53. break out escape Michael broke out of Fox River penitentiary.
54. bring someone
down
make unhappy Don't let your relationship bring you down.
55. bring up to raise Jessica was brought up by her grandparents.
56. bring something start talking about a You shouldn't bring up this subject when you are in
up subject public.
57. phone different
call around I was calling around all morning to book our flights.
people
58. call someone
back
return a phone call I will call you back when I finish my homework.
59. call something
off
cancel It's false alarm, you can call it off.
60. call someone up phone Call me up when you are in town.
61. calm down to relax You can't think right, you need to calm down.
62. catch up get to the same point You two start running, I will catch up to you.
63. check in arrive and register Let's check in first and then we can go to the rooms.
64. check out leave a hotel> Wait for me, I need to check out and return the keys.
65. check
look at carefully, to
someone/someth They are checking us out before hiring.
ing out investigate
66. check out look at Check out that girl with blue shirt.
67. cheer one up make happier Don't worry, I know how to cheer her up.
68. chip in help Everybody chipped in to gather that much money.
69. clean up to clean, tidy Clean up your bedroom tonight.
70. I came across these old photos when I was cleaning up my
come across find unexpectedly
room.
71. come apart separate The sides of the box come apart.
72. come forward to volunteer I will award whomever comes forward for this job.
73. come up with think of Russell came up with a brilliant idea.
74. I can count on this phrasal verbs list for tomorrow's
count on rely on
grammar quiz.
75. cross something
out
draw a line through Please cross those numbers out, they are invalid.
76. make something fall
cut down They cut down all the trees.
to the ground
77. I couldn't have a nice conversation with him because his
cut in interrupt
friend kept on cutting in.
78. remove with
cut off They will cut off the stitches next week.
something sharp
79. Are you saying that you couldn't do the homework
cut off stop providing
because the electricity was cut off?
80. do something I have to do the project over because I used the wrong
over
do again
data.
81. dress up wear nice clothing They dressed up for their anniversary.
82. drop back move back in a The troops dropped back after the big explosion.

position/group
83. come without an
drop in/by What are the drop in hours for the clinic?
appointment
84. deliver one or
drop someone /
something off
something some Just drop me off by the market, I will walk home.
place
85. quit a class, school
drop out I dropped out of high school because I started working.
etc.
86. eat a meal at a
eat out We eat out every weekend.
restaurant
87. eventually decide to,
end up I don't want to end up in jail like Linc.
to end with
88. fall apart break into pieces This is not good, my entire plan is falling apart.
89. be tricked by,
fall for I can't believe you fell for his lies.
believe
90. find a solution by
figure out I can't figure out how to solve this problem.
thinking
91. fill in to write in blanks Please fill in the form.
92. fill something to write information
out
Fill out an application.
in blanks
93. fill something
up
fill to the top Fill the bottles up with water.
94. find out discover What if she finds out that you are lying?
95. get along with like each other Do you get along with your in laws?
96. get away go on vacation I feel so tired, I just want to get away.
97. get away with do without being
something
Do you think we can get away with cheating?
seen or punished
98. get back return I need to get back to work.
99. get on/in
something
step onto a vehicle Come on, get in the car.
100. get over recover from an
something
You can' be sick this weekend, please get over it.
illness, difficulty
101. get over
something
overcome a problem I just want to get over this school project.
102. get to
someone/someth reach They know where he is, they finally got to him.
ing
103. get to do
something
have the opportunity I get to go out with the most wonderful girl tonight.
104. meet ( usually for
get together Lets get together for a BBQ this weekend
social reason)
105. get up get out of bed I feel sleepy, I got up so early today.
106. get up stand Get up, we need to go, it's getting late.
107. give someone reveal one's secret He will go to jail if you give him away.
away
108. give something give something for
away
They are giving away free books at the library.
free
109. give something
up
quit a habit He needs to give up smoking.
110. give up stop fighting She is very passionate, she won't give up easily.
111. go after
someone
follow someone Make sure nobody is coming after us.
112. go ahead start, proceed Go ahead and press the search button.
113. go back to return I need to go back to school.
114. leave home and go
go out Are you going out tonight?
on a social event
115. go out with date Do you think she will go out with me?
someone

116. go over review We will go over the phrasal verbs before the exam.
something
117. stop being close
grow apart> Mathew and Anna grew apart after they started college.
over time
118. grow up become older She has grown up since the last time I saw her.
119. hand something submit Hand in your home works before you leave.
in
120. hand something give something to a
out
The teacher is handing out the worksheets.
group of people
121. hand something give Your knife, hand it over.
over
122. stay positive
hang in Hang in there, the semester is almost over.
(informal)
123. hang on wait (informal) Hang on, I will be right back.
124. spend time
hang out Do you want to hang out tonight?
together(informal)
125. hang up end the call I hate it when she hangs up on my face.
126. hold on wait Hold on, I am coming.
127. hold onto hold tightly Hold onto your hat, it's windy.
128. hold onto know it's value Hold onto your kids, they are all you've got.
129. keep on continue The guy kept on looking at me all night.
130. keep out don't let enter Keep the pets out of the bedroom.
131. continue at same
keep up Well done Charlie, keep up the good work.
level
132. lay out to spend She lays out a fortune on jewelry.
133. let someone to disappoint I am counting on you, please don't let me down this time.
down
134. let someone in allow to enter Let James in, he is with me.
135. look after take care of You go to your meeting, I will look after the kids.
136. He always looks down on me just because I didn't finish
look down on consider inferior
college.
137. look for try to find Are you looking for your keys?
138. look forward to be excited about I'm looking forward to meeting that girl.
139. look out / watch be careful Look out! the dog doesn't seem friendly.
out
140. look out for be careful Look out for wild dogs when you are traveling abroad.
141. search in dictionary You should look up the words you don't know on this
look up
/ encyclopedia website.
142. make
lie about something Don't make things up, tell him the truth.
something up
143. make up justify a mistake I am guilty, I will do anything to make it up to you.
144. make up put on cosmetics Make me up pretty, I want to look good tonight.
145. mix up confuse Don't mix up phrasal verbs look after and take after?
146. pass away die She got sick after his mother passed away.
147. pass out faint She just passed out when we were walking.
148. pass give something to
The teacher started passing out the exams at noon.
something out people
149. pay for
be punished Whoever did this is going to pay for it.
something
150. pick out choose I Picked out the ones you like.
151. point out show with finger The lady pointed out who tried to steal her purse.
152. put someone
insult He put me down in front of everybody.
down
153. put off postpone Good news! The teacher put off the exam.
154. put out extinguish Use the fire extinguisher to put out small fires.
155. put up with tolerate He is so annoying, I can't put up with him anymore.
156. put on to clothe oneself Put on your jacket, it's getting cold.

157. Have you seen Mike lately? Yeah, I ran into him at the
run into meet unexpectedly
mall today.
158. drive over a with a
run over Be careful, we don't want to run over anybody.
vehicle
159. run away escape You can't run away from me!
160. have no more of
run out We are running out of gas.
something
161. set someone
trap Someone set Lincoln up and he ended up going to jail.
up
162. shoping at different
shop around places, comparing I am shopping around to see which one is the best for me.
prices
163. display proudly,
show off She loves to show off her new pendant.
pretentiously
164. spend the night at
sleep over somewhere Jamie is going to sleep over at my sister's house tonight.
(informal)
165. stick to You should stick to football, you are not a baseball
stay with
something person.
166. turn off, cut the
switch off Switch off the light so we can sleep.
power
167. switch on turn on Don't switch on the light, Sarah is asleep.
168. take after
resemble I am not like mom, I must have taken after my dad.
someone
169. break into pieces
take apart He took apart the clock so that he can fix it.
(purposely)
170. take off start to fly Aircrafts are ready to take off.
171. take something remove (clothing) Why don't you take off your shoes?
off
172. take someone take someone to
out
I will take the kids out for a walk.
somewhere
173. tear up rip into pieces I am going to tear up the boxes to recycle.
174. contemplate
think over I will think it over and answer you.
(rethink)
175. throw away get rid of Should I throw away the old lamb?
176. turn down decrease the level Can you turn down the radio? I have a headache.
177. turn down refuse an offer We are going out right? Don't turn me down please.
178. disconnect power
turn off Turn off your laptop before you sleep.
supply, switch off
179. turn on start, switch on Turn on the TV, I want to watch the news.
180. turn up increase the level Can you turn up the heat? I am cold.
181. try something put on a garment to
on
I like this suit, I want to try it on
see if it's good
182. try out put to a test I am going to try out this new shampoo.
183. use something
up
finish It used up all the fuel in the tank.
184. wake up stop sleeping I woke up early today to study phrasal verbs.
185. warm up prepare for exercise You should warm up before you start lifting weights.
186. increase the
warm up Can you warm up the food for me?
temperature
187. watch out for be careful about Watch out for the dogs!
188. wear out become exhausted This hiking has worn me out, I can't walk anymore.
189. work out exercise Arnold works out at the gym 7 days a week.
The following Verbs are followed by Specified Prepositions as well the complete sentences/examples:
No Verb+ Prep Examples

1 abide by He will abide by the court's decision. ("act or do as promised")

2 account for It's hard to account for his actions. (idiom "explain")
3 accuse (NP) of They accused him of cheating.
4 accustom to He will accustom himself to the cold weather.
5 acquaint (NP) You can acquaint yourself with your new teammates
with
6 addicted to He was addicted to video games.
7 address (NP) to He addressed a letter to her.
8 agree with We agree with you.
9 allow for The rules allow for exceptional situations. (idiom "give what is needed")
10 answer to (NP) You will have to answer to me if you try to do that. / He had to answer to the
for authorities for his actions. ("respond to a person, explain, justify")
11 argue for They argued for changes in the medical system. (present reasons for or against)
12 argue He argues with his co-workers about small things.
with…about
13 apologize for Jason apologized for the error.
14 apply for She applied for a job.
15 approve of They approve of your choice of colors.
16 arrange for She arranged for a meeting. (made preparations)
17 arrive in / at He arrived in Berlin. (city destination) / She arrived at school on time. / She
arrived in the morning. He arrived at 9 PM.
18 ask about He asked about our new project.
19 ask for She asked for some help. ("request")
20 assure (NP) of He was assured of a job.
21 attach (NP) to He attached a note to the box. / He was attached to the group.
22 bank on You can bank on him to charge you a reasonable amount. ("depend on")
23 bar from They barred them from entering. ("blocked")
24 be at Please be at my house at 9:00 a.m. ("arrive")
25 beg for They begged for mercy. (idiom "ask to give")
26 believe in He believes in democracy. ("think that something is effective or right") He
believes in God. (be sure that someone exists)
27 blame for They blamed her for the accident.
28 bless (NP) with God blessed us with six children.
28 bore (NP) with He bored us with a long story.
29 break into Robbers broke into the store. / He wanted to break into show business. (get a
start in)
30 bring about He will bring about changes. ("cause to happen")
31 call for He will call for you at noon. ("pick you up") / This calls for a celebration.
(demands or deserves)
32 care about Do you care about its success?
33 complain about He never complains about his health.
34 care about He really cares about what will happen? ("consider important" "worry about")
35 care for She doesn't care for cheese. ("like") / She cares for him. ("has feelings")
36 count for His experience counts for nothing? (idiom "have worth")
37 confide in She confides in me. ("entrusts with secrets")
38 count on You can count on me. (depend)
40 come across He came across as excessively confident. (idiom "gave the impression of
being") /They came across a new idea. ("encounter, find by chance")
41 come between He came between me and my ex-girlfriend. (causes a separation or
estrangement)
42 come by How did you come by that antique chair? (obtain)
43 come into He came into a lot of money when his father died. (inherit)
44 come under This department comes under the Science Division. (is categorized as, is under
the responsibility of)
45 come off The meeting came off well. (resulted)
46 complain of He complains of headaches.

47 compose of The meat is composed of beef and lamb.

48 consist of The soup consists of broth, rice and chicken.
49 convince of They convinced of the need for change.
50 confine (NP) to They confined him to his room.
51 connect to A candidate must connect to his audiences.
52 connect to A candidate must connect to his audiences.
53 contribute to They contributed to the school fund.
54 charge (NP) with They charged him with manslaughter.
55 compare (NP) You can compare this apple with that apple.
with / to
56 contaminate He contaminated the food with bacteria.
(NP) with
57 compete with One team competes with another.
58 concern (NP) He concerns himself with every detail of the business.
with
59 count on You can count on me. (idiom "depend")
60 cover (NP) with We covered the food with a cloth.
61 coordinate (NP) The mayor coordinated operations with the police department.
with
62 deal in He deals in drugs and weapons. ("does business")
63 deal with This new bill deals with human rights. ("concerns", "handles" "manages")
64 decide on He will decide on an ice cream flavor.
65 dedicate to He dedicated the song to his sweetheart.
66 depend on You can depend on me. (rely)
67 deprive (NP) of The authorities deprived him of his rights.
68 devote to He is devoted his children.
69 die from He died from cancer.
70 differ from His ideas differ from hers.
71 dispense with Let's dispense with formality. (go without)
72 dispose of He disposed of his unwanted furniture at a thrift store.
73 distinguish from He wants to distinguish himself from other competitors.
74 divorce from He will divorce his interests from hers. / They are divorced from each other..
75 dream about He dreams about being a rock star.
76 dream of He dreams of better days ahead.
78 draw (NP) into The crooks drew him into their scam. (idiom "induced" "cleverly lead in")
79 draw on His story draws on personal experience. (uses as a source)
80 entitle (NP) to He was entitled to half the estate.
81 equip (NP) with Our coach equipped our team with new uniforms, balls and nets.
82 escape from The man escaped from his captors.
83 excel at / in She excels at / in programming.
84 excuse (NP) for Jason excused himself for the error.
85 explain (NP) to The teacher explained the answer to me.
86 expose to The employee exposed the problem to the public.
87 faithful to A couple should remain faithful to each other.
88 fall for He fell for the telephone scam. ("deceived by")
89 feed (NP) on He feeds his dogs on kibble and meat. ("gives a daily diet of")
90 feel for I feel for you. ("sympathize")
91 fight for He fights for his principles.
92 fill (NP) with He filled the bottle with fresh water.
93 forget about He forgot about his morning appointment.
94 forgive (NP) for He forgave me for my lie.
95 frown at The angry boy frowned at me.
96 furnish (NP) They furnished the room with tables and chairs. / They will furnish you with
with what you need. ("supply")
97 fuss about She fussed about what to wear.
98 get about How does he get about town? (idiom "travel" or "move")

99 get around How do you get around the rules? ("circumvent" "outwit")
100 get at What is he getting at? ("imply")
101 get over He got over his loss slowly ("recover")
102 get through We got through the tunnel in time. (literal meaning) / He hopes to get through
the difficult day. (idiom "bear, endure, survive")
103 get to We can get to the beach by that road. / We want to get to the beach by noon. (to
come to or arrive at in some course of progress, action)
104 glance over We glanced over the fence. (literal meaning) / We glanced over the topic.
(idiom "look briefly")
105 go off Our electricity went of. ("stopped working") / A bomb went off in the center of
the city. ("exploded")
106 go on about He goes on about his marvelous dog. (talks excessively)
107 go from…to He went from being rich to being poor.
108 grow on His character grows on you. (increases in effect or likability)
109 hear from We haven't heard from them for a while. (idiom "receive news")
110 help (NP) with He helped us with our project.
111 hide from Bobby hid from his sister.
112 hit on He was hitting on the woman next to him in the bar. (flirt) / They his on a new
method of developing the vaccine faster. (discover unexpectedly)
113 hold (NP) Hold this cold pack against the swelling. (literal meaning) / Please don't hold
against this mistake against me. (Idiom "think badly of someone because of some fault
or occurrence.")
114 hold with He doesn't hold with all this talk about gun control. (support, approve of)
115 hope for We hope for rain.
116 improve on Can you improve on his work?
117 incite (NP) to The group incited the students to riot.
118 introduce (NP) He introduced his brother to his friends.
to
119 insist on He insists on changes.
120 interest (NP) in He interested us in an investment in his business.
121 involve in He involves himself in other people's business.
122 jump on He jumped on the trampoline. (literal) / He jumped on the bandwagon. (idiom
"joined")
123 keep from He chews gum to keep from smoking. (idiom "avoid")
124 keep on They keep on calling me. (idiom "continue")
125 keep to You must keep to the topic. ("stick with, stay the course")
126 laugh at She laughs at my jokes.
127 lay into His boss lay into him for making the mistake. (criticize verbally)
128 lean on You can lean on me. (depend)
129 learn from We learn from our mistakes.
130 lecture about Professor Lee lectures about the importance of conservation.
131 let (NP) into The neighbors let him into their house.
132 let (NP) off The bus driver let the passenger off the bus. (literal meaning) / The judge let the
driver off with only a $200 fine. (idiom "excuse form legal responsibility")
133 let out The lady let the cat out the door. (literal meaning) / The tailor let out the side
seam. (idiom "enlarge a garment") / The wolf let out a howl. (idiom
"vocalized")
134 limit to They limit customers to one sale item.
135 live for He lives for adventure. ( "anticipate with eagerness")
136 locate in They will locate the building in the city center.
137 look after He looks after his elderly father. "takes care of"
138 look at She looked at them.
139 look on He looks on her as a friend. (idiom "regards")
140 make for It is time to make for home. ("head") / The makes for an awkward situation.
(cause a situation)
141 make from The chair is made from wood.

142 make of The cloth is made of cotton and rayon.

143 married to She was married to him two years ago.
144 mess with Don't mess with me. ("bother" "cause trouble for")
145 nibble on She nibbled on a strawberry. ("ate little bits at a time")
146 obsess with He is obsessed with video games.
147 opposed to He is opposed to changes.
148 orbit around Earth orbits around the sun.
149 pause at He paused at the end of the sentence.
150 part with He hates to part with his hard earned money. (lose, have taken away)
151 participate in They are participating in the conference.
152 pay for He paid for his purchase with a card.
153 persuade (NP) of They persuaded the judge of the prisoner's innocence.
154 pick on She picks on her younger brother. (criticize, tease, bother)
155 please (NP) with She pleased the child with candy. / He was pleased with himself.
156 polite to Children must be polite to their teachers.
157 pore over The investigator pored over the clues to find an answer. ("look at carefully for
an extended time")
158 prepare for We must prepare for the storm.
159 prevent from His illness prevents him from working.
160 provide for He provides for his family. (idiom "gives what is needed")
161 provide (NP)
They will provide you with whatever you need.
with
162 prohibit from The state prohibits him from driving.
163 protect (NP)
The parents will protect her from harm.
from
164 qualify for His scores qualify him for entry into the university.
165 read (NP) into People may read evil into your statement.
166 recommend (NP)
They recommended him for the job.
for
167 refrain from Please refrain from smoking here. (not do or say)
168 rejoice at They rejoiced at the good news.
169 rely on You can rely on me. (depend)
170 remember for We remember him for his humor.
171 rescue from Superman rescued the woman from the bomb.
172 respond to How did he respond to the charges?
173 result in His behavior results in problems. ("ends in" or "causes")
174 run for Mrs. Clinton ran for President twice. "participate as a candidate in an election"
175 run into We ran into some problems while building the bridge. (meet unexpectedly)
176 rob (NP) of The thieves robbed him of his wallet.
177 satisfy with /
He is satisfied with his pay. / You can satisfy him with a raise in pay.
satisfy (NP) with
178 see about He will see about getting a new passport. (inquire)
179 see (NP) through You can see through the glass. (literal) / His family saw him through the crisis.
(idiom "helped")
180 see to He will see to your needs. (arrange, supply, get)
181 separate from She separated from her husband. ("moved into separate homes")
182 shoot at He shot at a wolf ("in that direction")
183 shout at She shouted at me.
184 smile at The happy boy smiled at me.
185 spend (NP) on He spent his money on a car.
186 stand by Please stand by while we fix the problem. ("wait") / The company stands by its
products. ("supports, defends the quality")
187 stand for I won't stand for this nonsense. (idiom "tolerate", "put up with") / VIP stands for
'very important person.
188 stand up for He stood up for us. (idiom "supported us")
189 stand up to You must stand up to forces of evil. ("withstand, not bend")

190 stare at She stared at the price tag.

191 stem from All these problems stem from one poor decision. ("originate, be caused by")
192 stick to Stick to your ideals. Stick to the rules. (stay to something; continue with
something; follow exactly)
193 stick with Stick with your friends. (stay close; continue to do something; persevere")
194 stop at He stopped at the corner. / He stopped at the end. / He will stop at nothing.
(idiom)
195 stop from He couldn't stop from smoking.
196 subject (NP) to The media subjected him to an invasion of his privacy.
197 substitute for She substitutes olive oil for butter.
198 succeed in He is succeeding in his business goals.
199 suffer from He suffers from Alzheimer's disease.
200 supply (NP) with The Red Cross supplied us with food and shelter.
201 suspect (NP) of The police suspect him of murder.
202 swarm with The garden is swarming with bees.
203 take after He takes after his father. ("act or look like")
204 talk about She talks about her family a lot.
205 talk at He talked at me. (idiom "didn't let me talk")
206 talk (NP) into He talked her into selling her car. ("convince")
207 talk of There is talk of closing the factory.
208 take care of He takes care of his family.
209 take in He took in a refugee family. ("care for, host, adopt") / She took in the seams of
the dress. ("sew and make smaller") / The murder scene was a lot for him to
take in. ("make sense of, understand emotionally")
210 tamper with Someone tampered with the contents of the medicine bottles. ("make
unapproved changes , make unsafe by changing") / Someone tampered with the
lock on the door. ("alter, damage")
211 tell on She told on her friends. ("reveal wrong-doing") / The stress was telling on his
health. ("produce a severe effect")
212 testify to I can testify to what you have just said. ("support with fact" "give evidence")
213 thank for He thanked you for your help.
214 think about Let me think about this for a while. (consider)
215 think of I can't think of it at the moment. (recall) / What do you think of him? (regard)
216 tire of They are tiring of his empty promises.
217 treat (NP) to They treated the children to ice cream.
218 trust (NP) with I trust you with my life. ("have confidence in"
219 try for He tried for a promotion. (idiom "applied", "interview" or "auditioned")
220 used to He used to live here.
221 vote for He voted for Obama for President.
222 wade through He waded through his tax preparation. ("persevered")
223 wage war on The northern people waged war on the southern people.
224 warn (NP) of /
The police warned us about him.
about
225 wait for Please wait for me.
226 wait on The man in the restaurant who waited on us was very friendly. ("served")
227 wave at He waved at us.
228 wink at He winked at her and she smiled back.
229 worry about He worries about upsetting his father.
230 zero in on We need to zero in on the problem. ("find and locate")

I. THE PROPER USE OF PREPOSITIONS
Kata depan (preposisi) adalah sebuah kata yang digunakan untuk menandai berbagai
hubungan makna antara kata di depan preposisi dengan kata yang berada di belakang
preposisi. Secara sintaksis, preposisi diletakan sebelum kata benda, kata kerja atau
kata keterangan. Kata depan pada umumnya di bahasa inggris, antara lain: in (di),
before ( sebelum), after ( sesudah), from ( dari) at ( di/pada), dll.
1. Verb + preposition + Adverb

• I live in Medan
( in menghubungkan live dan Medan
2. Noun + preposition + Noun

• The man in the room is sir.William.
( in menghubungkan the room dan sir William )
3. Verb + preposition + Noun

• She left before breakfast.
( before menghubungkan left dan breakfast )
4. Verb + preposition + Adverb

• The woman comes from USA.
( form menghubungkan comes dan USA )
Preposition adalah kata-kata yang simple tetapi tidaklah hal yang mudah digunakan di
dalam kalimat. Jika menggunakan preposisi yang salah atau menempatkan pasangan
yang salah, preposisi bisa menjadi kata keterangan (adverb) atau penghubung
(conjuction) yang megakibatkan maknanya lari dari yang sebenarnya. Ada beberapa
penggunaan preposisi, seperti di bawah ini:
a. A preposition is followed by a noun or a pronoun.

• We go jogging every day after work. (preposition)
Note: Kata depan ‘ after ‘ diikuti oleh kata benda ‘ work ‘..
b. An adverb comes after a verb and is not followed by an object.
• We got here not so long ago and she arrived after. (Adverb)
Note: ‘ After ‘ adalah kata keterangan yang didahului oleh kata kerja ‘
arrived ‘
c. A conjunction has a clause that comes after it.

• We arrived after he had left. (Conjunction)

Note: Klausa ‘ he had left ‘ hadir setelah kata penghubung ‘ after ‘.
Look at the more examples below in which preposition can be functioned as ‘adverb,
conjunction, adjective and adverb’.
No Preposition Sentences Function

1 until She was up until three o'clock watching the movie. preposition
He stayed there until the rain stopped. conjunction
2 as She's got a job as a horse trainer. preposition
The husband was fat, and his wife was just as fat. adverb
We watched as he was flying his kite. preposition
3 but He didn't tell anyone but his lawyer. preposition
We have but one week to meet the deadline. adverb
You are not only my best friend but also my conjunction
business partner.
4 round We walked round the marketplace. preposition
They gathered round to listen to his encounter with preposition
a wild pig.
In that tree, I saw two big, round eyes which must adjective
be the owl's
5 inside The book has beautiful pictures inside. adverb
The inside pages of the book have beautiful pictures. adjective
Beautiful pictures can be found inside the book. preposition

J. THE PREPOSITIONS VERSUS CONJUNCTIONS

According to Quirk et al. (1985), sentence and discourse functions of prepositions (and
complex prepositions as a subclass) have much in common with those of conjunctions and
adverbs. Both prepositions and conjunctions have connecting functions:
❖ the time when Ireland experienced a population crash in 1845
❖ the time of a population crash in Ireland in 1845
❖ the time of the 1845 population crash in Ireland
❖ the time of the 1845 Irish population crash
In fact many prepositions and conjunctions have identical forms and, for this reason, can be
confusing for learners (e.g., after, as, before, since, until). The key difference between
conjunctions and prepositions is that prepositions are always followed by a noun, noun phrase, or
nominalizations, including gerunds, but conjunctions conjoin the main and subordinate clauses,
which necessarily have the predicate verb or verb phrase. Thus, if the constructions following
such words as after or before contain a verb, this sentence unit is a subordinate clause. If no verb
can be identified, the word is the preposition in a prepositional phrase.
Distinguishing Prepositions and Conjunctions with Identical Forms
After preposition After a large-scale disaster, life begins to recolonize

the site. [no verb]
conjunction After a large-scale disaster occurs, life begins to

recolonize the site. [verb-occurs]
As preposition A few hardy pioneer species invade the environment as

a start. [no verb]
conjunction As the environment begins to renew itself, a few hardy

pioneer species invade the site. [verb-begins]
Before preposition Before the restoration of the ecosystems, the pioneer

species change the soil. [no verb]
conjunction Before the ecosystems can be restored, the pioneer

species change the soil. [verb phrase-can be restored]
Since preposition Since the 1960s, the urban growth has declined. [no
verb]
conjunction Since suburbs began to attract urban residents, a large

number of jobs also shifted to smaller cities. [verb
phrase-began to attract]
till/until preposition Until the expansion of suburban job markets, most

urban dwellers lived in central cities. [no verb]
conjunction Until manufacturing job markets emerged in the early

1800s, only 5% of Americans lived, in cities. [verb-

emerged]
K. EXERCISES
EXERCISE 1
Direction: Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions; in, out, off, up, across, for, with,
down, on (Separate answers with a comma and a space as needed.)
1. They had to put …….. the meeting when the general director didn't turn ……..
2. He made …….. a story when he was late for the first class, but the teacher didn't believe him.
3. We still haven't come …….. with an interesting theme for the advertising campaign.
4. He came…….., a very old letter written by his grandmother to his grandfather while he was
looking…….. an old photo for his research paper.
5. The plane wasn't allowed to take ……..because of bad weather conditions.
6. Most people prefer taking …….. a hobby to relieve stress.
7. Do you get …….., well …….. your sister?
8. The diamond ring that her boyfriend bought for her turned …….. to be a fake one.
9. His application was turned …….. as he didn't complete the necessary requirements in time.
10. They had been waiting at the departure lounge for almost three hours when they finally got
…….. the train.
Direction: Fill in the blanks with the prepositions in the box.
At on In of 2x with for at about 2x
11. Betty asked Barney for help, but it turned out he was even worse…….. math than her.
12. Luckily, my husband is not very keen …….. playing football.
13. Most men are not very fond …….. going to wedding parties.
14. This brand of cream is better …….. preventing wrinkles on your face.
15. Like many other children, my daughter is mad ……..chocolate.
16. Students are sometimes taught things that they are not interested …….. at all.
17. When Tom was a schoolboy, he was crazy …….. cars and he kept drawing them in his
drawing book.
18. Why should I be scared …….. ghosts? They don't exist.
19. Norman was dying …….. a cigarette but he was determined to give it up.
20. Walter is not mean; he is just very careful …….. money.
EXERCISE 2
Direction: Complete the exercise with convenient prepositions.
1. Nice …….. meet you 11. This key holder is very special……..me.
2. Don’t be late …….. school. 12. Apples and peaches are……..the same
3. Are you the new student…….. Portugal? box.
4. Are you a teacher …….. this school? 13. Write……..me soon.
5. Jessica is …….. vacation. She is 14. Have you got a piece ……..paper?
……..Italy now. 15. What’s the calculator for? It is my
6. What is this called …….. English? exam.
7. Look …….. the flowers! 16. I’m tall……..black hair and brown eyes.
8. Adam's birthday is……..July. 17. We have a house……..a big garden.
9. Don’t run……..he classroom 18. I come …….. a big family.
10. Compare your answers ……..your 19. Match the pictures …….. the names.
partner. 20. Is your house …….. the country?

21. Guess what I have …….. my hand? 33. Some people are very keen……..
22. I have two color pens ……...What working in a team, but some others don't
…….. you? like depending on others.
23. Most people agree that kindergarten 34. I'm terribly bored of having that
contributes…….. the child's mental day…….. battle with my manager, so
development. I'm planning to resign.
24. Since Jennifer was a year younger than 35. My son is mad……..science and
her friends, she had a hard time technology. I guess he'll become an
keeping……..with them. engineer.
25. In most countries, children start the 36. I wish I were experienced……..the field
primary school…….. the age of six. of marketing.
26. Although he studied hard, he couldn't 37. People who are good……..making
succeed……..getting a high score in his friends usually work in the field of
test. trade, which requires having good
27. There are different sets of language communicative skills
learning sets available ……..all age 38. Most office workers are
groups. fond……..having frequent coffee
28. All candidates are looking breaks.
forward……..the announcement of our 39. I wish my daughter were
test scores. interested……..learning foreign
29. Since I will be busy……..my homework languages.
and prepare ……..the exam tomorrow, I 40. In the competitive business world, one
don't think I will be able to go out has to be perfect …….. with customers.
tonight. 41. Working at a big company will certainly
30. The students walk five kilometers to enable you to have a large
school, so they need to get up very circle……..friends.
early……..the morning. 42. Everyone hopes to get a job with
31. Since our school was next to our house, prospects……..promotion, but not many
I used to come home……..lunch time. people manage to do so.
32. I was born……..the 23rd …….. April,
so there is no school when it's my
birthday.
EXERCISE 3
Direction: Each of the following sentences contains at least one preposition. Underline
the prepositions. Then, indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
1. After school many students participate 9. I’ll have to consult to my attorney

for sports. before making a decision.
2. I know I can rely in you to be here on 10. James has lost his keys, so he must look
time. for them.
3. If you need more light to read turn to the 11. I just don’t approve at your cheating on
lamp next to you. the exam.
4. The film consists at nothing but car 12. Smoking is forbidden, so you should put
crashes. out your cigarette.
5. They subjected him above fierce 13. Failure to pass the test will result to the
interrogation. loss of your license.
6. It is primarily its greater size which 14. It is unlawful for parolees to associate
distinguishes the raven of the common with known felons.
crow. 15. If you take this job, it will be necessary
7. Their luggage arrived at advance. to deal in other departments.
8. Parents always try to bring at their 16. Each child took one cookie from the
children to be thoughtful. plane.
17. In the discussion, Rob sided for the rest.

18. The board turned off his suggestion for 27. Elisabeth excels on math and science.
the project because it was too costly. 28. She insisted on going to work in spite of
19. He can always depend of his friends. her cold.
20. While Mrs. Sampson went shopping, a 29. Bob remains me to his father because he
baby-sitter looked with the children. looks just like him.
21. I know Steve believe for what you told 30. If you are cold, you should put on your
him. sweater.
22. Children should beware to strangers. 31. Mr. Sandra is not here now, but he will
23. It was difficult to make a decision about call you when he returns
buying a house. 32. I do not want to interfere to your plans.
24. Tom blamed his brother in the dent in 33. Alan waited with Marie after school.
the car. 34. Bill laughs for me whenever he looks to
25. The students must hand in their me.
homework. 35. I am not familiar of the facts.
26. It will be difficult to forgive you of 36. Laura is not fully acquainted to the facts
breaking your promise. of the case.
EXERCISE 4
Direction: Fill in each blank with a suitable preposition!
1. We must account …… all the 13. They arrived …… the same solution
information in our report. for the problem.
2. The teacher accused Michael …… 14. We asked …… more time on the test.
cheating on the test. 15. What became …… Michael? Have
3. We have adapted …… living in the you seen him lately? I haven't seen
U.S. him for a long time.
4. 6 added to 5 equals 11. The new 16. He believes ……his solution for the
requirement has added …… my problem.
worries about paying for my 17. She belongs……a tennis club.
education. 18. He blames his poor English……his
5. We agreed …… an answer for the grade on the test.
problem 19. The citizens blame the
6. I agree …… your answer for the government……the economic
problem. problems.
7. He apologized to his friends …… his 20. He blamed his grade …… his
rude behavior. English.
8. She applied …… a teaching 21. The police blamed the explosion
assistantship. _____ a separatist group.
9. The teacher approved …… his plan 22. I borrowed some paper …… my
for his research paper. roommate.
10. Michael argued…… his teacher 23. Shakespeare borrowed his plots
_____ his grade. ……other writers.
11. I argued politely _____ Michael 24. I really care…… the environment.
_____ his ideas on the economy. 25. I don't care …… his attitude--I don't
12. We arrived …… the test center on like it at all.
time. 26. He is caring …… his elderly parents.

27. Run faster--we have to catch up 51. She excused him …… being rude.
_____ the rest of the group. 52. She explained her ideas …… the
28. I caught up …… the homework last project …… the teacher.
weekend. 53. He gets along well …… many
29. He comes…… Egypt different people
30. The teacher commented …… the 54. We just got back …… Egypt
effect of the election on the economy. 55. I need …… get rid …… my old car.
31. He communicated …… his teacher 56. I'll get through …… school in late
about his grade. May.
32. Please compare Clinton's presidency 57. I can't get used…… American food.
…… Reagan's. 58. What happened …… Michael? He
33. He compared the food in the cafeteria seems sad.
…… his mother's cooking. 59. What happened …… the oranges that
34. The students complained …… the I put in the refrigerator? They're not
food in the cafeteria. there.
35. The teacher complimented Maria 60. Our teacher has confidence…… our
……the good work she did on the dedication to study.
examination. 61. His father had a lot of influence ……
36. The teacher congratulated all the his major.
students ……their final reports. 62. I have an opportunity …… getting a
37. I want to concentrate ……my major scholarship.
38. My advisor consented……my plan. 63. I have an opportunity…… get a
39. Grammar consists …… syntax, scholarship.
morphology, semantics, and 64. The teacher has patience …… us.
phonology. 65. You must have a good reason ……
40. Water consists …… hydrogen, your answer on the math test.
oxygen, and a few other elements. 66. I heard about the lecture from
41. The students complained…… the Michael
food in the cafeteria. 67. I just got an email from Michael; I
42. The teacher complimented Maria hear …… him everyday.
……the good work she did on the 68. Have you ever heard _____ a music
examination. group called "Echelon"? They seem to
43. The teacher congratulated all the be popular in France.
students …… their final reports. 69. The teacher insists…… our being on
44. Michael convinced his teacher …… time to class.
the correctness of his answer on the 70. Mary introduced her grammar teacher
test. He convinced his teacher …… …… Michael.
change his grade. 71. Mary invited her grammar class ……
45. I have to decide …… coffee and tea the lecture.
to go with my lunch. 72. Michael will be out of town for the
46. Michael decided …… biology as his summer. Mary will keep his cat ……
major him while he is gone.
47. I depend …… my family for money. 73. I don't like John's attitude. I want to
48. Mary approves …… my plan. keep away …… him.
49. Michael disapproves …… my ideas.
50. He dreams …… being a doctor.

74. To learn English, you must keep …… 100. We sent …… some books from home
studying. You can't stop after a few about the history of our country.
months. 101. Separate the yolk…… the white of
75. Mary and Michael laughed …… the the egg.
article in the newspaper. 102. We didn't invite him--he just
76. They laughed …… the silly joke. showed…… at the party.
77. I learned …… his problems from his 103. He spends a lot of money …… his
mother. girlfriend.
78. John and Mary are supposed to get 104. His teacher wants him to stop from
home at 5:00 P.M. Their mother is answering all the questions in class.
listening …… their car. 105. Margarine can substitute …… butter.
79. We listened…… the new CD. 106. Mary will substitute …… Michael
80. Please look …… my answer to this next week--she can teach his class for
problem him.
81. I looked …… information on the 107. The company will subtract the cost of
Web. insurance…… your salary.
82. I am looking forward _____ my 108. His bad temper subtracts…… his
visit to Egypt. other good qualities.
83. They objected …… having a test on 109. Mary will succeed …… any task she
the last day of class. attempts.
84. All the students participated …… 110. I want to succeed …… this new job.
the discussion. 111. He succeeded …… passing the test.
85. We paid $120 …… our textbooks 112. She succeeded…… her ambition to
86. Michael planned …… studying in be a teacher.
the U.S 113. Let's go to the store right now. I
87. He prefers English …… chemistry. want…… take advantage …… the
88. Mary is preparing …… TOEFL. sale.
89. Her poor Spanish prevented her …… 114. He's not a very good person. He will
getting the job in Peru. take advantage…… his friends to
90. His family provides …… his tuition. make money.
91. I provided Michael …… information 115. Let's talk …… your problem.
for his report. 116. We talked …… the possible answers.
92. She was very sick. But, she's 117. I talked …… my teacher about my
recovering …… her illness rapidly. test grade.
93. He referred …… the Internet in his 118. Mary talked …… Michael about this
report. temper.
94. Michael related the economic decline 119. Michael thanked Mary …… her
…… oil prices. advice
95. I rely …… my family for money. 120. The students thought …… their
96. We relied…… the Internet for our answers to the math problem. They
research papers. considered all the possible answers.
97. Michael reminds me…… my brother. 121. They thought …… several new ways
98. I searched …… information about to do the problem. They developed
water pollution. several new methods.
99. We need to see …… buying our
textbooks for the semester.

122. They cleaned their apartment and 125. My brother wasted a lot of money
threw …… two sacks of old …… a very old car.
newspapers. 126. He wasted time and energy …… that
123. We voted …… the president of the car, too.
student government. 127. He wished …… a new car.
124. Michael was late for the meeting, and 128. Michael works…… a computer
Mary waited…… him for thirty company
minutes. 129. Mary worries …… her grades.
130. Michael worries …… money.
EXERCISE 5
Direction: Fill in each blank with a suitable preposition. There may be several possible answers
for some blanks.
Olivia is a dynamic person with leadership qualities. Olivia is the oldest of six children, all of
whom count (1) …… her for guidance. And there is so much they can learn (2 ) …… her. It is
hard to account (3)…… her energy, which seems endless. Olivia participates (4)…… so many
activities.
Olivia has run (5)…… President of her high school class three times and has won. Her
classmates support her because she cares (6)…… them. She fights (7)…… what is right. Olivia
believes (8)…… equality for everyone. For example, the girls in her school complained (9)……
the lack of funds for their sports activities. She succeeded (10)…… convincing the faculty
to form a women's basketball team on campus. Olivia also arrange (11)…… a meeting with the
school board to petition them to add Dance as an official physical education class.
Besides that, Olivia argued (12)…… the school administrators (13) …… better Internet
access for a number of students who had no Internet connection at home. She asked (14) ……
24/7 access to WiFi on campus.
The school district could not afford to pay (16)…… a nighttime librarian, but they could help
in another way. Olivia talked the school administrators (17)…… leaving both the WiFi and the
lights on outside of the library at night. This compromise provided students (18)…… Internet
access and a well-lighted place to study on the library steps. The simple solution cost nothing and
resulted (19)…… better Internet access for all the students.
It is hard to explain her success (20)…… anyone. She is devoted (21)…… her causes. She
wades (22)…… problems and finds cost-effective solutions.
Olivia's teachers will recommend her (23)…… any university that she wants to attend. She is
assured (24)…… a place in the college or university of her choice. A scholarship will furnish
her (25…… most of her needs. She will deal (26)…… unexpected costs by working and saving
up money over the summer. Olivia's Her high school classmates and teachers know that she will
go (27)…… and have a bright future.
EXERCISE 6
Direction: Fill in each blank with a suitable preposition. There may be several possible answers
for some blanks.
…… (1) the summer, we went…… (2) the beach very day. We stayed …… (3) a lovely
motel right …… (4) the beach. …… (5) the morning we would get up …… (6) 9:30, have
breakfast, and then spend four hours …… (7) the pool …… (8) all the other guests. …… (9)
1:00 we would have lunch …… (10) our room. …… (11) lunch we would eat something light

like sandwiches and fruit.…… (12) the afternoon we would return …… (13) the pool area and sit
…… (14) the sun …… (15) a while. …… (16) night we would take long walks …… (17) the
beach or visit some friends who lived …… (18) 520 Volusia Avenue …… (19) Daytona Beach.
Many people from …… (20) …… (21) town stayed …… (22) that motel. Like us, they had
been coming…… (23) that same motel …… (24) 1975. Most …… (25) them were …… (26)
Ohio. …… (27) time …… (28) time we would eat out …… (29) a nice restaurant, where we did
not have to wait long …… (30) the waitress to serve us. …… (31) July it is usually very
crowded, but this year …… (32) least, it was not as crowded as …… (33) the past. Once ……
(34) a while we went …… (35) the movies …… (36) the theater …… (37) the corner …… (38)
Las Olas Boulevard and Castillo Avenue. We arrived there …… (39) no time …… (40) all ……
(41) cat. We sat …… (42) the middle …… (43) the theater, …… (44) the twelfth now. The
movie started …… (45) 7:00 sharp, so we got there just …… (46) time to buy some popcorn and
find our seat. …… (47) first, I thought I would not enjoy it, but …… (48) the end; it turned ……
(49) to be a very interesting movie. …… (50) the whole, it was an enjoyable evening.
We decided to get a Coke …… (51) …… (52) the machine, but unfortunately it was ……
(53)…… (54) order. So …… (55) place …… (56) the Coke, we decided to get some ice cream
…… (57) the Dairy Isle which was located …… (58) the corner …… (59) Harper Ave, and
Washington St.
…… (60) returning …… (61) our motel, I decided to finish reading my novel. It is ……
(62) far the most exciting book that Victoria Holt has ever written. …… (63) the most part, her
book deals …… (64) a group …… (65) archeologists who went …… (66) Egypt …… (67)
hopes …… (68) discovering some pharaoh’s tomb. …… (69) accident they uncovered a plot to
smuggle the treasures …… (70)…… (71) Egypt. …… (72) course the archeologists got ……
(73) touch …… (74) the authorities, who had heard some rumors about smuggling off and ……
(75). All …… (76) a sudden, one day the police showed up and caught them …… (77) the act
and arrested them.
EXERCISE 7
Direction: Change the underlined words to incorporate two and three-word verbs. Make all
necessary tense changes, for example:
✓ The senator raised the question of the treaty negotiations.
✓ The senator brought up the question of the treaty negotiations.
1. Louis doesn’t like peas unless they’re mixed in with something else.
2. Because of the shortages of funds, we will have to eliminate all extracurricular activities.
3. Many teenager quit school before graduation and regret it later.
4. Mike and Mary Ellen will be very happy when they finish writing their book.
5. Marsha was so upset by her fiancé’s disloyalty that she ended their engagement.
6. The local convenience store was robbed last night and $225 was taken.
7. Thomas Jefferson was one of the men responsible for writing the Declaration of
Independence.
8. I am trying to interpret this writing, but it is not easy.
9. Continue driving at 55 miles per hour if you want to save gasoline and prevent accidents.
10. Mrs. David asked me to serve as chairman of the entertainment committee.
11. Pete promised to stop smoking immediately.
12. The police are approaching the robbers’ hideout.
13. Maria Elena will take care of the neighbors’’ children while they attend the school meeting.
14. Jose became ill with the measles just before his scout troop went to camp.
15. Mrs. Jack will substitute for the history teacher who is out of town.

16. The mountain climbers grasped the rope tightly to avoid failing.
17. We plan to investigate the possibility of spending a week at the seashore.
18. My mother distributed candy to the children last Halloween.
19. The manager said we had to leave the motel no later than noon.
20. Mike just discovered that his passport had expired three months previously.
21. When buying apples, remember to select only the firm, red ones.
22. We were counting on a raise in pay, but we’ll have to manage without it.
23. Rita will accompany her sister to the Skating Palace on Saturday night.
24. The tour guide indicated the historical monuments of the city.
25. I knew I could rely on them to get the job done.
26. The dance had to be postponed because of the bad weather.
27. I accidently met an old friend in the shopping Centre last week.
28. The manager said he would consider hiring another secretary to take care of the backlog of
work.
29. Last night Mr. Robbins raised the issue of student parking on city streets.
30. Henry was so upset at the sight of his injured daughter that he fainted.
31. Before making a decision on the project, the board of directions decided to discuss the
matter.
32. Procter and Gamble is testing a new product and has sent everyone a sample.
33. All budget proposals had to be submitted by last Friday.
34. What time did you awaken this morning?
35. Be careful of spending cars when you cross the street.

POST TEST
Direction: These questions are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see five
words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), (D), and (E). Choose the one word or phrase that the best
complete the sentence.
1. As I have just had a tooth …… , I am not C. passed away
allowed to eat or drink anything for three D. fell back on
hours. E. cut down
A. run out 8. I find it hard to …… with the other students
B. tried on in the Italian class as they have been
C. crossed out attending the classes more regularly than I
do.
D. taken out A. fall through
E. broken off B. call in
2. You need to …… your essay for spell-check C. do away
before you hand in your exam paper. D. catch up
A. hang out E. come up
B. point out 9. The first National Food and Nutrition
C. cut off Survey was …… in 1980 and the most
D. go over recent one in 1992.
E. give away A. carried out
3. It is not easy for many civil servants to …… B. dropped out
on their salaries as the inflation rate is C. figured out
extremely high. D. brought about
A. get by E. checked in
B. turn up 10. The summit was earlier to be held in March
C. wear out but was …… due to the tsunami disaster that
D. run over hit India, Sri Lanka and the Maldives.
E. take away A. paid off
4. You'd better…… your cigarette as it is B. crossed out
dangerous to smoke at a gas station. C. put off
A. hold up D. dropped in
B. pull through E. turned down
C. get through 11. We arranged to meet at ten o'clock last
D. hang up Sunday but John didn't …… on time.
E. put out A. give in
5. Jane found it hard to get up from the bed B. look up
after the alarm clock …… at seven. C. put out
A. broke in D. turn up
B. took out E. find out
C. sent out 12. I had better leave, I don't want to …… my
D. went off welcome.
E. threw up A. give up
6. There is an easy way to …… four species of B. go off
wild cats living in this region by their tail C. run down
patterns. D. wear out
A. tell apart E. take in
B. see to 13. It was a mistake that I didn't …… the
C. clear up contract before signing it.
D. back up A. look through
E. call for B. called out
7. I thought the party was going to be boring, C. come by
but it …… to be the most unforgettable D. get up
evening of my life. E. catch on
A. turned out 14. John is a rich man because he …… a lot of
B. looked around money last year.

A. went through 22. My check-up results indicate that I have to

B. checked in …… all my bad habits at once.
C. fell behind A. keep on
D. came into B. let down
E. figured out C. give up
15. Liz decided to …… jogging as she needed D. put across
to lose weight urgently. E. bring up
A. go against 23. We haven't been able to decide on who is
B. take up going to …… our baby while we are on the
C. run into business trip next week.
D. hand in A. fall out
E. get at B. come to
16. I will buy this bag since it is exactly what I C. get by
have been …… D. look after
A. calling off E. go on
B. giving away 24. Today, there is a tendency in our culture to
C. taking after …… the people who haven't been to a
D. making out university.
E. looking for A. take off
17. As we have been informed that the weather B. show off
will get worse soon, we have decided to C. turn over
…… the tennis match. D. look down on
A. take out E. run out
B. put off 25. The soldier will be brought to trial because
C. make up he is thought to have…… state secrets to the
D. go by enemy.
E. hand out A. backed up
18. Before…… for Los Angeles, it is urgent that B. given away
I get my car serviced today. C. broken out
A. holding on D. turned off
B. letting down E. run over
C. giving out 26. In order not to lose its market share, our
D. finding out company must……the latest technological
E. setting off developments.
19. I am trying to…… from my roommate since A. brought about
I don't want him to be infected as I am. B. broken away
A. take on C. taken in
B. keep away D. pulled out
C. clear up E. come at
D. turn down 27. It is obvious that the new law has …… some
E. give back revolutionary changes in the current tax
20. A lot of plant and animal species are in system but there are still some points to be
danger of …… at the moment. revised.
A. dying out A. brought about
B. paying off B. broken away
C. turning on C. taken in
D. setting out D. pulled out
E. running over E. come at
21. I have to …… my notes once again to make 28. If it weren't for the loan I got from the bank,
sure I have learned all important details it would have been impossible for me to
before the exam. …… my own business.
A. stand for A. set up
B. put up with B. cross out
C. take after C. drop off
D. pull down D. take down
E. go over E. throw up

29. Though he loved his fiancée very much, the E. got by

boy acted in accordance with his parent's 35. Vegetarians should…… for animal fat in
wishes and …… with her. biscuits.
A. set out A. watch out
B. turned out B. live on
C. made up C. feel up to
D. broke up D. make up
E. looked in E. stand for
30. The fact that the inflation rate has …… in 36. I earn extra money by …… brochures on the
recent months indicates that the government street.
isn't following a reliable economic policy A. taking after
A. put forward B. backing up
B. come down with C. cheering up
C. given off D. giving out
D. gone up E. coming about
E. put out
37. Along with the new title and pay rise,
31. The grand jury is …… the allegations that Max…… so me additional responsibilities.
bribes influenced the mayor's actions. A. took on
A. putting off B. fell off
B. breaking into C. drew back
C. drawing up D. sent out
D. looking into E. kept up
E. fixing up
38. Unfortunately, my trip to Indonesia ……
32. Experts say if the island is not protected, the because I couldn't save enough money.
oil spill could …… the Gulf's turtle A. fell through
population. B. try out
A. throw up C. take for
B. wipe out D. turn up
C. put across E. wash away
D. hold up
39. The computer company I work for is ……
E. pass on
with a new video game system next month.
33. Cheryl has missed several days of school A. passing away
and now she is …… in her homework B. coming to
A. picking up C. breaking away
B. telling off D. going off
C. turning out E. coming out
D. going without
E. falling behind 40. Whenever he sat down at the piano, we
knew he was going to……
34. The police quickly …… her disguise and A. keep out
arrested her. B. show off
A. pulled in C. pull through
B. stood by D. take up
C. saw through E. look out
D. counted on
Direction: From the four underlined words or phrases A, B, C, or D, identify the one that is not
correct, and correct it.
1. Amelia Earhart, the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic, disappeared on June
A B C
1937 while attempting to fly around the world.
D
2. The occurrence edema indicates the presence of a serious illness.
A B C D
3. Atomic nuclei are believed to be composed by protons and neutrons in equal numbers
A B C D

for the lighter elements.

4. According legend, Betsy Ross designed and sewed the first American flag.
A B C D
5. The middle ear is attached for the back of the throat by the Eustachian tube.
A B C D
6. Plants that sprout, grow, bloom, produce seeds, and die within one year are classified
A B C
for annuals.
D
7. A marionette is controlled by means strings connected to wooden bars.
A B C D
8. In July of 1861, Pat Garrett killed Billy the kid in a house close Fort Summer.
A B C D
9. Many comfort heating systems using steam as a working fluid operate at the convection
A B C D
principle.
10. Mars’ two small moons are irregularly shaped and covered for craters.
A B C D
11. The body depends in flood as its primary source of energy.
A B C D
12. Regular programming was interrupted to broadcast a special news bulletins.
A B C D
13. Sulfa drugs had been used to treat bacterial infection until penicillin becomes widely
A B C D
available.
14. Plans for both the International Monetary Fund or the Word Bank were drawn up at the
A B C D
Bretton woods Conference.
15. Seldom Antarctic icebergs will move far enough north to disturb South Pacific shipping
A B C D
lanes.
16. In 1958, a largest recorded wave, with a height of 500 meters occurred in Lituya bay,
A B C D
Alaska.
17. Exercise in swimming pools is particularly helpful because of the buoyant effect water.
A B C D
18. They have yet to discover a new method on analyzing this information.
A B C D
19. No one believed him guilty with this terrible crime.
A B C D
20. All the students in the class are not familiar to the new equipment.
A B C D
21. The students are afraid to the new teacher.
A B C D
22. The man is sad at his sickness.
A B C D
23. Daud is very sorry from coming late to the seminar.
A B C D
24. Ella is quite fond in painting some lakes.
A B C D

25. My employer says she is not satisfied at my performance.

A B C D
26. You should do something instead with talking about it all the time.
A B C D
27. They did not postpone the match in spite the rain.
A B C D
Good Luck
===== SHN ======

Advance Structure Unit 3 - Preposition - Meaning - Pert 4

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Advance Structure Unit 3 - Preposition - Meaning - Pert 4

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Advanced Structure English Education Study Program

1. The cat was sitting ……. the window sill.

85 FBS UNINDRA PGRI JAKARTA By Selamat H. Napitupulu

B. THE DEFINITION OF PREPOSITION

C. THE SIMPLE PREPOSITION

No Preposition Meaning Examples

86 FBS UNINDRA PGRI JAKARTA By Selamat H. Napitupulu

in contact with The sofa is against the wall.

87 FBS UNINDRA PGRI JAKARTA By Selamat H. Napitupulu

32 to in the direct of / towards On the way to the station.

before earlier than The day before yesterday.

88 FBS UNINDRA PGRI JAKARTA By Selamat H. Napitupulu

D. THE COMPOUND PREPOSITIONS

E. THE COMPLEX PREPOSITIONS

89 FBS UNINDRA PGRI JAKARTA By Selamat H. Napitupulu

F. THE COMMON COMBINATION WITH PREPOSITION

90 FBS UNINDRA PGRI JAKARTA By Selamat H. Napitupulu

21. a relationship with 23. an extract from

91 FBS UNINDRA PGRI JAKARTA By Selamat H. Napitupulu

1. detract from 45. consented to

89. prefers to 105. substitute for

G. Preposition as a completion of meaning

Verb Preposition Meaning Sentences

93 FBS UNINDRA PGRI JAKARTA By Selamat H. Napitupulu

grace ‘ in the dictionary

Thus, the meaning can be different based on the function as follows:

Look at the following examples:

Literal meaning Less literal More figurative Figurative / idiom

Separable prepositional verbs Inseparable prepositional verb

95 FBS UNINDRA PGRI JAKARTA By Selamat H. Napitupulu

H. THE VERBAL IDIOMS

Verb + Preposition ‘Unspecified vs. Specified’

Unspecified preposition (more than Specified preposition (one in particular)

96 FBS UNINDRA PGRI JAKARTA By Selamat H. Napitupulu

enclosed location / ‘ under the bridge, ‘met by chance ’

N VERBAL MEANING SENTENCES

97 FBS UNINDRA PGRI JAKARTA By Selamat H. Napitupulu

through with his project sooner than he had expected.

98 FBS UNINDRA PGRI JAKARTA By Selamat H. Napitupulu

99 FBS UNINDRA PGRI JAKARTA By Selamat H. Napitupulu

100 FBS UNINDRA PGRI JAKARTA By Selamat H. Napitupulu

101 FBS UNINDRA PGRI JAKARTA By Selamat H. Napitupulu

No Verb+ Prep Examples

102 FBS UNINDRA PGRI JAKARTA By Selamat H. Napitupulu

1 abide by He will abide by the court's decision. ("act or do as promised")

103 FBS UNINDRA PGRI JAKARTA By Selamat H. Napitupulu

47 compose of The meat is composed of beef and lamb.

104 FBS UNINDRA PGRI JAKARTA By Selamat H. Napitupulu

105 FBS UNINDRA PGRI JAKARTA By Selamat H. Napitupulu

142 make of The cloth is made of cotton and rayon.

106 FBS UNINDRA PGRI JAKARTA By Selamat H. Napitupulu

190 stare at She stared at the price tag.

107 FBS UNINDRA PGRI JAKARTA By Selamat H. Napitupulu

I. THE PROPER USE OF PREPOSITIONS

1. Verb + preposition + Adverb

2. Noun + preposition + Noun

3. Verb + preposition + Noun

4. Verb + preposition + Adverb

a. A preposition is followed by a noun or a pronoun.

108 FBS UNINDRA PGRI JAKARTA By Selamat H. Napitupulu

• We arrived after he had left. (Conjunction)

No Preposition Sentences Function