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Grammar summary  | Unit 2
Future forms and uses will be + -ing (future continuous)
will + infinitive, going to + infinitive
Affirmative Negative
We use both will and going to to talk about:
I/You/He/She/It/We/ I I/You/He/She/It/We/They won’t
●● predictions and beliefs about future events or situations. The They’ll be waiting. be waiting.
meaning is very similar and when the prediction is based
on the same information, either form can be used. The
Question Short answer
choice often depends on the speaker’s personal preference.
It doesn’t depend on how sure the speaker is about the Will I/you/ he/she/it/we/ Yes, I/you/he/she/it/we/they will.
prediction. they be waiting? No, I/you/he/she/it/we/they won’t.
After everything the teacher has said, I think the exam will
We use the future continuous to talk about:
be easy.
After everything the teacher has said, I think the exam is ●● an activity that will be in progress at a stated time in the future
going to be easy. Today’s my last day at work. This time next week, I’ll be
driving across Europe.
We also use will to talk about: ●● a prediction about an activity that will be in progress at a
●● a decision or an offer we think of at the time we’re speaking time in the future
I’m hungry – I think I’ll make some pasta. In twenty years’ time, they won’t be making cars that run
‘I can’t fill in this form.’ ‘I’ll help you – let me have a look.’ on petrol.

We also use going to to talk about:

We often use time expressions with the future continuous to
●● a decision we have already taken about a plan or an intention say when the activity will be in progress or the point when it
My colleague is worried about his presentation, so I’m will stop.
going to help him with it tomorrow. This time tomorrow, you’ll be doing your driving test.
The restaurant is fully booked, so we’re going to invite My friend has failed his test five times. He’ll be learning to
everyone to our house for lunch instead. drive until he’s an old man!
●● a prediction about an event which is based on evidence at
the moment of speaking ▶ Exercise 1
Usain Bolt is ahead of everyone else. He’s going to win
the race. will have + past participle (future perfect)
We don’t use will or going to after the adverbs of future time
when, until, etc. We use the present simple even though the Affirmative Negative
action is in the future. I/You/He/She/It/We/ I/You/He/She/It/We/They won’t
When I get home, I’ll call you. They’ll have arrived. have arrived.

Question Short answer

Will I/you/he/she/it/we/ Yes, I/you/he/she/it/we/they will.

they have arrived? No, I/you/he/she/it/we/they won’t.

We use the future perfect to talk about:

●● actions that will be completed before a stated time in the
future
According to the schedule, the interview team will have
chosen a candidate by the end of the week.
●● predictions about actions completed before a stated time in
the future
It’s only Wednesday – the manager won’t have decided
anything yet.

▶ Exercises 2–6

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Exercises 4 Match the two parts to make logical sentences.

1 Complete the conversation with the future continuous 1 My brother says he isn’t going to have
form of the verbs. 2 Many people believe that they will achieve
3 The office manager says he’ll be hiring
A: Is everything ready for tomorrow? 4 These sales figures mean that the new model isn’t
B: Yes, it is. This time tomorrow we 1 going to do
(open) the doors of our new gallery! 5 We’re confident that the new offices will be
A: 2
people (wait) outside 6 I’ve seen lots of flats and I’m sure I’ll have found
when we open? What do you think? 7 Lots of people think they’ll be
B: I hope so! We’ve done so much publicity! Now 8 Don’t worry! I’m sure that
remember, you 3 (stand) at the
door to give everyone a gift bag. a some new staff next month.
A: Yes, I know. What about the local press? What time b everything is going to be OK.
4
they (get) here? c happier with more money.
B: About half an hour after we open. But I d any children before he’s 30.
5
(not / do) the interview until later e well this year.
on. I need to spend time with the artists first. f their personal goals.
A: And the artists 6 (talk) to people g perfect for our business.
about their work until about nine o’clock, I imagine. I’m h a new place by next week.
really looking forward to it!
5 Complete the text with the verbs. There is one extra verb.
2 Complete the sentences with the future perfect form of are going to change is going to cause is going to enjoy
the verbs. will affect will be working will combine
1 I think we (sell) at least one will fall will have replaced won’t think
painting before nine o’clock.
2 By the end of the week, everyone A recent survey predicts that working habits
(hear) our news.
1
dramatically for young adults.
3 the new business Experts predict that in the next few years the number
(make) a profit by the end of its of full-time jobs 2 . Some say

 
first year? that part-time positions 3 over
4 The deadline is Friday, but they a third of full-time jobs by the end of the decade.
(not / do) all the work – it’s impossible. This 4 men as well as women.
5 How many people we In addition, a large proportion of people
(interview) by the end of the day?
5
for themselves in 2020. Instead
6 I need to talk to Samira, but her meeting of working for one employer, they 6
(not / finish) yet. different part-time and short-term positions. The
survey predicts that, as a result of this, many young
3 Choose the correct option to complete the sentences. adults 7 about saving for
retirement or a pension. It’s clear that this situation
1 A: What will happen / will be happening when all the oil 8
problems in the future for some
runs out?
workers.
2 B: I’m sure someone will invent / will have invented new
sources of energy by then. 6 Correct the mistake in each sentence.
3 A: Will the exam have / Will the exam be having 1 I don’t think the plan is a good idea. I explain.
multiple-choice questions? 2 When I’ll finish the course, I’m going to celebrate.
4 B: I think they’ll have discussed / they’ll be discussing 3 Will they have finish by lunchtime?
that tomorrow. 4 I expect that tomorrow’s exam is difficult.
5 A: The manager will come / will be coming to the office 5 This time on Monday she’ll be start her new job.
this afternoon. 6 I’ll apply for this job because it looks really interesting.
6 B: Do you think she’ll have stayed / she’ll be staying long?

7 A: What job will you do / will you be doing this time

next year?
8 A: I don’t think I’ll find / I’ll have found anything by then!

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