‭Unit‬‭3‬

‭Grammar‬
‭1.‬ ‭Degrees‬‭of‬‭Certainty‬
‭●‬ ‭100%‬‭–‬‭Simple‬‭Present‬
‭Timetable,‬‭schedule‬
‭●‬ ‭99%‬‭–‬‭“be‬‭about‬‭to”‬
‭When‬‭the‬‭action‬‭is‬‭seconds‬‭or‬‭minutes‬‭away‬‭to‬‭happen.‬
‭●‬ ‭70%‬‭—‬‭Present‬‭Continuous.‬
‭Planned‬‭future‬‭events.‬
‭●‬ ‭60%‬‭—‬‭be‬‭going‬‭to‬
‭When‬‭there‬‭are‬‭signs‬‭of‬‭symptoms,‬‭intention.‬
‭●‬ ‭50%‬‭–‬‭will‬
‭Decisions,‬‭predictions.‬

‭2.‬ ‭Future‬‭Forms‬
‭●‬ ‭Present‬‭simple‬
‭We‬‭can‬‭use‬‭the‬‭present‬‭simple‬‭for‬‭timetables‬‭and‬‭schedules.‬
‭We’re‬‭late‬‭for‬‭the‬‭exam,‬‭hurry.‬‭It‬‭starts‬‭at‬‭nine-thirty.‬
‭●‬ ‭Present‬‭continuous‬
‭We‬‭can‬‭use‬‭the‬‭present‬‭continuous‬‭for‬‭future‬‭events‬‭that‬‭have‬‭already‬‭been‬‭planned.‬
‭The‬‭students‬‭are‬‭performing‬‭in‬‭a‬‭concert‬‭next‬‭week.‬
‭●‬ ‭Will‬
‭We‬‭use‬‭will:‬
‭a.‬ ‭for‬‭predictions.‬
‭Most‬‭shops‬‭will‬‭need‬‭extra‬‭staff‬‭in‬‭the‬‭summer‬‭months.‬
‭b.‬ ‭for‬‭decisions‬‭made‬‭at‬‭the‬‭moment‬‭of‬‭speaking.‬
‭Look‬‭at‬‭this‬‭amazing‬‭job!‬‭I‬‭think‬‭I’ll‬‭send‬‭in‬‭my‬‭CV.‬
‭c.‬ ‭for‬‭offers,‬‭promises,‬‭and‬‭requests.‬
‭I’ll‬‭help‬‭you‬‭prepare‬‭for‬‭your‬‭interview.‬
‭d.‬ ‭for‬‭expressing‬‭certainty‬‭about‬‭something.‬
‭He’ll‬‭hate‬‭working‬‭in‬‭an‬‭office‬‭all‬‭day.‬
‭●‬ ‭Be‬‭going‬‭to‬
‭We‬‭use‬‭going‬‭to:‬
‭a.‬ ‭for‬‭intentions‬‭and‬‭plans‬‭that‬‭we’ve‬‭already‬‭made.‬
‭I’m‬‭going‬‭to‬‭revise‬‭two‬‭hours‬‭every‬‭day‬‭for‬‭my‬‭exam.‬
‭b.‬ ‭for‬‭predictions‬‭based‬‭on‬‭present‬‭knowledge.‬
‭Careful!‬‭You’re‬‭going‬‭to‬‭drop‬‭something‬‭on‬‭my‬‭essay.‬
‭●‬ ‭Future‬‭continuous‬
‭We‬‭use‬‭future‬‭continuous:‬
‭a.‬ ‭for‬‭actions‬‭in‬‭progress‬‭over‬‭a‬‭given‬‭period‬‭in‬‭the‬‭future.‬
 ‭ e’ll‬‭be‬‭interviewing‬‭candidates‬‭all‬‭afternoon.‬
W
‭b.‬ ‭for‬‭actions‬‭in‬‭progress‬‭at‬‭a‬‭certain‬‭moment‬‭in‬‭the‬‭future.‬
‭Don’t‬‭call‬‭me‬‭at‬‭seven‬‭because‬‭I’ll‬‭be‬‭writing‬‭my‬‭CV.‬
c‭ .‬ ‭for‬‭planned‬‭future‬‭events.‬
‭The‬‭students‬‭will‬‭be‬‭having‬‭a‬‭big‬‭party‬‭at‬‭the‬‭end‬‭of‬‭the‬‭term.‬
‭d.‬ ‭for‬‭assumptions‬‭about‬‭something‬‭that’s‬‭happening‬‭now.‬
‭Don’t‬‭call‬‭Luke‬‭–‬‭he’ll‬‭be‬‭doing‬‭his‬‭homework‬‭now.‬

‭●‬ F ‭ uture‬‭perfect‬
‭We‬‭use‬‭future‬‭perfect‬‭for‬‭actions‬‭completed‬‭before‬‭a‬‭certain‬‭time‬‭in‬‭the‬‭future.‬
‭Call‬‭me‬‭around‬‭seven.‬‭I’ll‬‭have‬‭finished‬‭my‬‭dinner‬‭by‬‭then.‬
‭●‬ ‭Future‬‭perfect‬‭continuous‬
‭We‬‭use‬‭future‬‭perfect‬‭continuous‬‭for‬‭actions‬‭happening‬‭during‬‭a‬‭period‬‭up‬‭to‬‭a‬‭specified‬
‭time‬‭in‬‭the‬‭future:‬
‭By‬‭the‬‭time‬‭I‬‭leave‬‭school,‬‭I‬‭will‬‭have‬‭been‬‭learning‬‭English‬‭for‬‭fifteen‬‭years!‬
‭●‬ ‭Future‬‭time‬‭clauses‬
‭We‬‭use‬‭words‬‭and‬‭phrases‬‭such‬‭as‬‭when,‬‭while,‬‭as‬‭soon‬‭as,‬‭after,‬‭before,‬‭until,‬‭once,‬‭by‬
‭the‬‭time,‬‭next‬‭time,‬‭followed‬‭by‬‭the‬‭present‬‭simple‬‭or‬‭present‬‭perfect‬‭to‬‭refer‬‭to‬‭future‬
‭actions.‬
‭When‬‭we‬‭see‬‭them,‬‭we’ll‬‭talk‬‭to‬‭them‬‭about‬‭it.‬
‭By‬‭the‬‭time‬‭you’ve‬‭got‬‭back,‬‭I’ll‬‭have‬‭started‬‭my‬‭new‬‭job.‬
‭●‬ ‭phrases‬‭for‬‭talking‬‭about‬‭the‬‭future‬
‭We‬‭also‬‭use‬‭phrases‬‭such‬‭as‬‭be‬‭(just)‬‭about‬‭to‬‭…‬‭/‬‭be‬‭due‬‭to‬‭…‬‭/‬‭be‬‭likely/unlikely‬‭to‬‭…‬
‭+‬‭infinitive‬
‭The‬‭exam‬‭is‬‭about/due‬‭to‬‭start‬‭in‬‭ten‬‭minutes.‬‭(for‬‭a‬‭fixed‬‭time)‬
‭He’s‬‭likely/unlikely‬‭to‬‭do‬‭well.‬‭(it’s‬‭probable/improbable)‬

‭ .‬ M
1 ‭ y‬‭flight‬‭departs‬‭at‬‭6‬‭pm‬‭tonight.‬‭(schedule)‬
‭2.‬ ‭The‬‭dog‬‭stops‬‭barking‬‭by‬‭the‬‭time‬‭our‬‭neighbor‬‭returns‬‭home.‬
‭3.‬ ‭We‬‭will‬‭have‬‭been‬‭demonstrating‬‭the‬‭procedure‬‭for‬‭three‬‭hours‬‭by‬‭the‬‭time‬‭you‬‭finish‬‭the‬
‭explanation.‬
‭4.‬ ‭She‬‭will‬‭be‬‭carrying‬‭the‬‭package‬‭all‬‭day‬‭long.‬‭(in‬‭progress‬‭in‬‭the‬‭future)‬
‭5.‬ ‭The‬‭sky‬‭is‬‭so‬‭dark.‬‭It‬‭is‬‭going‬‭to‬‭rain‬‭in‬‭a‬‭few‬‭minutes.‬‭(prediction)‬
‭6.‬ ‭Kafka‬‭is‬‭going‬‭to‬‭betray‬‭his‬‭friends‬‭before‬‭anyone‬‭finds‬‭out.‬
‭Ex.‬‭2,‬‭pg.‬‭38‬
‭1.‬ ‭Most‬‭students‬‭will‬‭be‬‭revising‬‭for‬‭exams‬‭next‬‭week.‬
‭2.‬ ‭I‘ll‬‭have‬‭finished‬‭this‬‭exercise‬‭by‬‭the‬‭time‬‭the‬‭bell‬‭goes.‬
‭3.‬ ‭By‬‭next‬‭year‬‭I‘ll‬‭have‬‭been‬‭studying‬‭English‬‭for‬‭ten‬
‭years.‬
‭4.‬ ‭The‬‭idea‬‭is‬‭unlikely‬‭to‬‭be‬‭popular‬‭with‬‭students.‬

‭Use‬‭of‬‭English‬‭1‬
‭ ncountable‬‭nouns‬
U ‭:‬‭Advice,‬‭Information,‬‭stuff‬
‭Countable‬‭nouns‬ ‭:‬‭Boss,‬‭role,‬‭task‬
‭Plural‬‭Countable‬‭nouns‬ ‭:‬‭Colleagues,‬‭courses‬

‭Determiners‬‭with‬‭countable/uncountable‬‭nouns‬
‭A.‬ ‭With‬‭single‬‭countable‬‭nouns‬‭we‬‭use‬‭each,‬‭every.‬
‭I‬‭didn’t‬‭realise‬‭it‬‭was‬‭such‬‭a‬‭responsibility‬‭making‬‭sure‬‭each‬‭customer‬‭is‬‭satisfied.‬
‭B.‬ ‭With‬‭uncountable‬‭nouns,‬‭we‬‭use‬‭a‬‭great‬‭deal‬‭of,‬ ‭a‬‭large‬‭amount‬‭of,‬ ‭a‬‭bit‬‭of,‬ ‭a‬‭little,‬ ‭little,‬ ‭(not)‬
‭much,‬‭any.‬
‭You‬ ‭have‬ ‭to‬ ‭be‬ ‭on‬ ‭hand‬ ‭24/7‬ ‭when‬ ‭you‬ ‭work‬ ‭with‬ ‭animals‬ ‭so‬ ‭you‬ ‭have‬ ‭very‬ ‭little‬ ‭time‬ ‭for‬
‭yourself.‬
‭C.‬ ‭With‬‭plural‬‭countable‬‭nouns‬‭we‬‭use‬‭all,‬ ‭most,‬ ‭several,‬ ‭(a‬‭great)‬‭many,‬ ‭a‬‭number‬‭of,‬ ‭a‬‭few‬‭(of),‬
‭and‬‭few.‬
‭I‬‭know‬‭the‬‭early‬‭starts‬‭are‬‭a‬‭problem‬‭but‬‭I‬‭could‬‭maybe‬‭do‬‭it‬‭for‬‭a‬‭few‬‭years.‬
‭D.‬ ‭With‬‭plural‬‭countable‬‭nouns‬‭and‬‭uncountable‬‭nouns‬‭we‬‭use‬‭some,‬‭a‬‭lot/lots‬‭of,‬ ‭plenty‬‭of,‬‭no‬
‭Some‬‭people‬‭I‬‭worked‬‭with‬‭were‬‭doing‬‭courses‬‭at‬‭college‬‭one‬‭day‬‭a‬‭week.‬

‭Ex.‬‭2,‬‭pg.‬‭41‬
‭Ex.‬‭4,‬‭pg.‬‭41‬

‭Ex.‬‭5,‬‭pg.‬‭41‬
‭Use‬‭of‬‭English‬‭2‬
‭ .‬
A ‭ ame‬‭up‬‭with‬ ‭:‬
C
‭B.‬ ‭Keep‬‭up‬‭with‬ ‭:‬
‭C.‬ ‭Catch‬‭up‬‭on‬ ‭:‬
‭D.‬ ‭Make‬‭up‬‭for‬ ‭:‬
‭E.‬ ‭Get‬‭on‬‭with‬ ‭:‬
‭F.‬ ‭Run‬‭out‬‭of‬ ‭:‬

‭Kosakata‬
‭1.‬ ‭Gear‬‭up‬ ‭:‬‭prepare‬‭or‬‭equip‬‭oneself‬‭for‬‭something;‬‭get‬‭ready.‬
‭2.‬ ‭Win-win‬‭situation‬ ‭:‬‭one‬‭where‬‭everyone‬‭involved‬‭is‬‭certain‬‭to‬‭do‬‭well‬‭or‬‭be‬
‭successful.‬‭A‬‭solution‬‭that‬‭is‬‭for‬‭everyone.‬
‭3.‬ ‭Pilot‬‭scheme‬ ‭:‬‭small-scale‬‭experiment‬

‭ .‬ ‭Long-term‬
4 :‭‬‭Lasts‬‭a‬‭long‬‭time‬
‭5.‬ ‭Much-needed‬ ‭:‬‭Very‬‭necessary‬
‭6.‬ ‭Built-in‬ ‭:‬‭An‬‭integral‬‭part‬‭of‬‭a‬‭gadget‬
‭7.‬ ‭Real-time‬ ‭:‬‭Made‬‭as‬‭they‬‭happen,‬‭as‬‭if‬‭face-to-face‬
‭8.‬ ‭Life-size‬ ‭:‬‭The‬‭same‬‭size‬‭as‬‭a‬‭person‬
‭9.‬ ‭Water-resistant‬ ‭:‬‭Resists‬‭water‬
‭10.‬‭Full-time‬ ‭:‬‭That‬‭you‬‭attend‬‭every‬‭day‬

‭ 1.‬‭Attendance‬
1
‭12.‬‭Detention‬
‭13.‬‭Discipline‬
‭14.‬‭Experiment‬
‭15.‬‭Grades‬
‭16.‬‭Handout‬‭selebaran‬
‭17.‬‭Syllabus:‬‭kompetensi‬‭dasar,‬‭academic‬‭course‬‭class‬
‭18.‬‭Timetable:‬‭jadwal‬

‭Curriculum‬‭Vitae‬‭(CV)‬
‭ unction‬
F ‭:‬‭Apply‬‭for‬‭jobs‬
‭Personal‬‭information,‬‭academic,‬‭proffesional‬