Subject/Biology 1/FIS 1074/TUTORIAL

KPJ Healthcare University College

Center of Global Professional & Social Development
Foundation in Science
Biology 1 FIS 1074
TUTORIAL7 (CELLULAR METABOLISM & RESPIRATION):
Name: VIYASINEI A/P V.KUMARAMONEY
Matrix No: U0230150

1. Define metabolism. 1M

Metabolism is biochemical processes which occur within a living organism in

order to sustain life
2. Define anabolism. Give example. 2M

Anabolism is a succession of chemical reactions that constructs or synthesizes

molecules from smaller components. Example of anabolism is bone
development.
3. Define catabolism. Give example. 2M

Catabolism is a series of degradative chemical reactions that break down

complex molecules into smaller units. Example of catabolism is citric acid
cycle
4. Define cellular respiration. 1M

Cellular respiration is series of biochemical reactions that take place in the cell.
5. Compare between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. 5M

 The end products for aerobic respiration are CO2 and H2O while end
products anaerobic respiration for animal cell is lactic acid and plant cell is
Ethanol and CO2.
 Aerobic respiration need oxygen while anaerobic respiration does not
required oxygen.
 Oxidation of substrate in aerobic respiration is complete oxidation while
anaerobic respiration is incomplete oxidation
  ATP energy for aerobic respiration is 38 ATP molecules per glucose
molecule while for anaerobic respiration is 2 ATP molecules per glucose
molecule
 Aerobic respiration occurs through glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, TCA
cycle, electron transport chain and ATP synthesis while anaerobic
respiration occurs through glycolysis and incomplete breakdown of
pyruvate.
6. What is the overall equation of cellullar respiration? 1M

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6H2O + 6CO2 + 38 ATP

7. Where are the locations of the reactions below: 3M

1. Glycolysis : in the cell cytosol

2. Pyruvate oxidation : in the mitochondrial matrix
3. Krebs cycle : in the mitochondrial matrix
4. Electron transport system : in the mitochondrial matrix

8. What are the products of glycolysis? 3M

2ATP ,2NADH and 2 pyruvate molecules

9. Explain in details the pyruvate oxidation. 3M

I. In pyruvate oxidation, a multienzyme complex removes the OCOO from

pyruvate as CO2 and then oxidizes the remaining two-carbon fragment
of pyruvate to an acetyl group (CH3COO).
II. Two electrons and two protons are released by these reactions.
III. The electrons and one proton are accepted by NAD, reducing it to
NADH, and the other proton is released as free H
IV. The acetyl group is transferred to the nucleotide-based carrier coenzyme
A (CoA) as acetyl – CoA (carries acetyl groups to the citric acid cycle).
10. Explain briefly on electron transport system. 3M

I. Electrons from NADH and FADH2 pass through electron transport chains
in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
II. An H+ gradient forms as the electron flow drives the transfer of H+ from
the inner to the outer compartment.
III. Oxygen is the final acceptor of electrons at the end of the transport chains.
IV. H+follows its gradient and flows back to the inner compartment through
enzymes. The flow drives formation of ATP from ADP and phosphate
(Pi).
11. What are the products of Kreb Cycle? 3M

NADH, FADH2, ATP, and Carbon Dioxide.

12. Explain briefly alcoholic fermentation. 3M

 Alcoholic fermentation is a biological process by which sugar is converted

into alcohol and carbon dioxide.
 Alcoholic fermentation occurs in plant cells
 The equation of alcoholic fermentation is C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH +2CO2
+ 210 kJ
13. Explain briefly lactate fermentation. 3M

 Lactate fermentation is breaks down sugar to produce energy in the form

of ATP
 Lactate fermentation occurs in animal cells.
 The equation of lactate fermentation is C6H12O6 →CH3CH(OH)COOH
+ 150 kJ
14. State the importance of fermentation. 3M

 Baking breads
 Manufacture of ethanol
 Making dairy products such as yogurt and cheese
15. How many ATPs can be synthesized from 20 hydrogen ions that passing through the
ATP synthase? 1M

6 ATP

SMFSH&MSMY/TUT 7 FIS/KPJUC Subject/Biology 1/FIS 1074/TUTORIAL

16. How many hydrogen ions will diffuse into the intermembrane space if the 1M
source of electrons are from 3 NADH and 5 FADH2?

60 hydrogen ions
SMFSH&MSMY/TUT 7 FIS/KPJUC