Logical questions

(Passage 1)
Human beings crave all sorts of things: coffee, sugar, sex, gambling, Xanax, porn, binge-watching TV
shows, doom scrolling on social media, cocaine, online gaming, heroin, methamphetamines,
hoarding. We each find different substances and activities alluring, and we develop distinct habits of
choice. Cravings are an especially forceful and persuasive class of desires. When a craving strikes, it
can be very tricky to resist or ignore. Sometimes we distract ourselves and move on with little effort.
In other instances, it can feel nearly impossible not to act on a craving. What we’re drawn to, and
what we’re vulnerable to, seems to reflect our individual personalities, preferences, cultural
location, values, identities, coping mechanisms, and other life circumstances. So, why ____a____?

One way to see the power of cravings is to think about substance addictions. Substance addictions
present the sharpest example of how cravings seem to impact motivation and behaviour differently
than other desires. Cravings make for one of the most challenging, baffling and terrifying aspects of
addiction: no matter how devastating the consequences of ongoing drug use become for someone,
as well as for those who love and care for them, no matter whether their addiction is no longer
pleasurable, and no matter how adamantly they want and try to manage or stop their drug use, their
attempts are continually overwhelmed by intensely motivating desires to engage in the addiction.
This loss of control is often taken to be a defining feature of addiction.

Cravings are particularly common with certain drugs, including alcohol, nicotine, opiates and
cocaine. Moreover, not only do cravings play this intrusive role in active drug use, but these
unwanted desires can arise and be highly motivating even years into recovery from addiction.
Craving is a major predictor of relapse. A systematic review of studies assessing the link between
craving and substance use by using a method that evaluates craving episodes in real time in daily life
found that in 92 per cent of studies craving was linked to substance use and relapse. Cravings can
repeatedly override plans and resolutions to moderate or abstain from drug use, and this can be a
disruptive, frustrating, demoralising and traumatising experience for those who battle these cravings
– an experience that for some lasts a lifetime.

(https://aeon.co/essays/why-the-pull-of-addictive-cravings-is-so-hard-to-resist)

Question 1. What is the central theme/question of the above passage(a)?

(a) Why are these craving so forcefully motivating?

(b) Why do cravings seem to weaken or desist over time for many addicted people?
(c) How cravings seem to impact motivation and behaviour differently than other desires?
(d) What are the Ill effects of these cravings?

Ans a, The passage as a whole talk about why cravings are so forcefully addictive/ motivating by
using the rest as sub-themes working toward the main theme.

Question 2. Which out of the following is the valid inference from the above passage?

(a) Resisting and ignoring the cravings may be impossible for some individuals.
(b) Cravings only rarely override plans and resolutions of an individual.
(c) After the craving starts having devastating consequences, people get over the cravings.
(d) 92 per cent of studies show craving was linked to substance use and cultural location.

Ans a. self-explanatory, Every other option differed from what was mentioned in the passage.
Question 3. In view of the information stated in the text, what appropriate policy decision should
administrators make for addiction?

(a) Using hard paternalism against drugs as they are the main reason for addiction in the
majority of people.
(b) Understanding the object of addictive craving helps to explain why cravings in addiction are
so hard to resist. it can be a crucial target for addiction treatment and intervention.
(c) Using soft paternalism, government will let the people themselves decide what it good for
them.
(d) Improving the clinical infrastructure to deter relapse and more efficiently moderate drug
abuse.

Ans b, Soft and Hard paternalism were not mentioned in the passage and improving clinical
infrastructure and efficiently moderating drug abuse will also be impractical without the
understanding of why cravings are hard to deter.

Question 4. As per the passage, which of the following is not a factor which affects our preference
and choices?

(a) Cultural location

(b) Emotional values
(c) Coping mechanisms
(d) Identities

Ans b self-explanatory, first para last lines.

Question 5. As per the passage, how does cravings play a vital role in substance abuse?

(a) Cravings can repeatedly override plans and resolutions to moderate or abstain from drug
use, and this can be a rejuvenating, frustrating, demoralising and traumatising experience
for those who battle these craving
(b) Cravings can repeatedly override plans and resolutions to moderate or promote from drug
use, and this can be a disruptive, frustrating, demoralising and traumatising experience for
those who battle these cravings – an experience that for some lasts a lifetime.
(c) Cravings can repeatedly override plans and resolutions to moderate or abstain from drug
use, and this can be a disruptive, frustrating, demoralising and traumatising experience for
those who battle these cravings – an experience that for some lasts a lifetime.
(d) Cravings can repeatedly override plans and resolutions to moderate or abstain from drug
use, and this can be a disruptive, frustrating, moralising and traumatising experience for
those who battle these cravings – an experience that for some lasts a lifetime.

Ans c; self-explanatory, last para last three lines.

(Passage 2)
Some philosophers say that time seems to pass due to the way we perceive change. They argue that
moving objects appear ‘dynamic’, and that we mistake this dynamism for time passing. To see what
they mean, imagine watching a movie where each frame was shown for two full seconds. You would
see a series of static scenes with people and objects in slightly different positions. First Jackie Chan’s
fist is here, then there, then it is in contact with someone’s face. Although it would be clear that
each image shows the actor in a slightly different position, you would not see him moving. Now,
imagine seeing those frames at the speed they would be played in a cinema: 24 frames per second.
Suddenly, the sense that you are looking at a series of static scenes disappears, and you can’t see
where one frame ends and the next begins. Chan’s fist is no longer simply there, then there, then
there; he now appears to be punching someone. You are looking at the very same series of static
frames in both the slow case and the fast case. But the flowing ‘dynamism’ you see in a cinema is a
quality added by your perceptual system.

What does this have to do with time seeming to pass? Our perceptual systems do not just add a
dynamic look to things we see in movies, but also to the things we see in the real world. Change in
the world appears to flow smoothly because our perceptual systems transform moving objects in
the same way they do static frames of Jackie Chan: they superimpose a dynamism on to them that
they do not possess. Because we fail to recognise that this is a product of our minds rather than a
feature of reality, we have come to believe that the world is dynamic, and that time really flows.
That’s one theory, anyway.

But what about those moments when we are not perceiving change? The room you are currently in
might be entirely still, yet time seems to continually flow. In such cases, we might be tempted to say
that time still passes – that the world seems dynamic – because we continue to experience our
thoughts changing just like we experience objects changing in the world. However, though thoughts
rush through our heads from the moment we wake up to the moment we sleep, we don’t
experience individual thoughts changing in the same way that we perceive changes in objects.
Thinking a thought is not like watching an ice cream melt, or a chameleon change colour. As an
experiment, try to think a single thought – make sure you don’t accidentally think two thoughts.
Keep it in your mind, and observe whether it changes. I suspect that you found this exercise difficult.
Thoughts jump around, and it is hard to know where one ends and the next begins. The experience
of thinking is nothing like seeing objects change. Our inner thoughts don’t explain why time still
seems to pass even when we are not perceiving differences in the world. Appealing to our
perceptions of change to explain the feeling of flowing time might not be such a promising approach
after all, the important word here is ‘feel’. In these cases, we are not perceiving the outside world.
These non-perceptual experiences include the feeling of doing things, of making changes in the
world: we feel ourselves walking and running, opening doors and tapping screens, talking and
listening. I think time passing is a result of how we experience the changes that we make in our daily
lives.

Question 1. Which of the following Is the correct expression of the author’s argument in the above
passage?

(a) Flowing time is an illusion or a result of how we experience changing objects – appeal to our
perception of the world to explain why time seems to pass.
(b) Flowing of time is the most obvious and universal theory.
(c) Everything flows and nothing abides.
(d) None of the above

Ans A; The author in the concluding passage talks about how the concept of flowing of time is
the effect of how we feel the changes we make in our daily lives.

Question 2. Which of the following is the central theme of the above passage?

(a) Stating the Difference between real world and imaginary perceptual system.
(b) Analysing the dynamically perceived time theory proposed by philosophers.
 (c) Refuting the flow theory proposed by Carlo Rovelli.
(d) None of the above

Ans b; The entire text examines the validity of the dynamic theory of time flow. All of the other
possibilities, while present, are not the dominant focus of the article in its entirety.

Question 3. What did author wanted to convey by using the example of Jackie Chan’s fist?

(a) To give an instance of how perceptual system works in the Quantum theory.
(b) To give an instance of how perpetual system works in real life.
(c) To give an instance of how Reality is often very different from what it seems.
(d) To give an instance of how perceptual system works in real life.

Ans d; The author used Jackie Chan's fist to describe the concept of perceptual system and how
it is the phenomenon behind "dynamism."

Question 4. According to the author, which of the following is not a consequence of perceptual
system used in real world?

(a) Watching ice cream melt

(b) Chameleon change colour
(c) Chan’s fist in the movie
(d) The experience of thinking

Ans d; as the question clearly mentions the examples for perceptual system in ‘real’ world,
Option D can be clearly inferred as the correct answer.

Question 5. Which out of the following is the valid inference from the above passage?

(a) The feeling of flowing of time can be attributed to the perceptual changes we experience in
our lives.
(b) All philosophers do not mistake time dynamics for time passing.
(c) Perceptual thinking bridges the gap between cinematic frame flow and changes in the real
world, as both are the result of the status quo.
(d) There is a rigid theory for understanding time.

Ans C; Option A is incorrect, as the author explicitly admits in the last few sentences of the
paragraph, "Appealing to our perceptions of change to explain the experience of flowing time may
not be such a viable method after all". Option B is an extremely speculative assumption based on
the information provided. Throughout the passage, the author refutes Option D.

Passage 3

Psychosis is a temporary state of being in which a person undergoes a disruption in their experience
of commonly shared reality that is markedly different from others in their cultural group. During this
state, someone can have unusual experiences such as:

 hearing voices or sounds, seeing things, or feeling things that others may not perceive or
think plausible;
 feeling unable to think clearly, or communicating in ways that are hard to follow (such as
making up new words or communicating only by repeating what others say);
  behaving in ways that are unusual and are a dramatic shift from their typical actions (e.g.,
not wanting to be anywhere near a television);
 holding beliefs that others would deem implausible, paranoid or bizarre (such as a belief that
everyone wearing blue is against them);
 withdrawing from friends or family, or having little energy for everyday activities – often
referred to as ‘negative symptoms’; or
 low mood, mood swings, or anxiety.

It can be useful to think of these experiences as lying on a continuum – to some degree, all of us
have the potential for such disruptions. However, it can be problematic when the experiences
become too intense, unwanted, intrusive, or if they hamper the ability to connect with others or
with valued goals, hopes and desired actions. As my colleagues and I tell people: ‘Contrary to
popular belief, psychosis and psychotic-like experiences are common, modifiable, understandable,
and treatable.’

State of psychosis can be activated by several causes, including certain medical problems (e.g., a
head injury, Alzheimer’s disease), drug use (especially certain kinds of drugs like cannabis,
methamphetamine or hallucinogens) or, in rare cases, prescribed medication. Psychosis can also
accompany mental health conditions, such as bipolar disorder, depression or schizophrenia. Our
current understanding is that some people are more vulnerable to experiencing psychosis due to
multiple interacting reasons. One’s genetic and biological makeup is part of the equation and may
interact with factors such as the effects of poverty and oppression, the experience of certain life
events (e.g., abuse or trauma, recurring stress), and the availability of social support. Psychosis might
even develop in the absence of overtly clear stressors.

Typically, but not always, a psychotic state or break from reality builds over time. A person, or the
people around them, may begin noticing slight changes, still within the realm of their typical
experience – for example, mood shifts, sleep disturbances or feelings of disorientation. It is possible
to intervene and provide support during this ‘at-risk’ or ‘prodromal’ stage, when the person is still
generally able to be engaged in their life. Some people continue having these attenuated
experiences and may or may not be bothered by them. Others go on to experience an ‘acute’
episode during which they lose touch with consensual reality and consequently experience a crisis or
disruption in their lives.

(https://psyche.co/guides/how-to-support-a-loved-one-through-psychosis-toward-recovery)

Question 1. What is the meaning of the word “Prodromal” mentioned above passage?

(a) Initial
(b) After
(c) Enthuse
(d) None of the above

Ans A. No explanation, Prodromal, here means the initial stage of the symptoms.

Question 2. Which of the following can be inferred about state of psychosis?

(a) Only a few established factors can activate the psychosis state.
(b) One's biological and genetic makeup plays a role in the state of psychosis.
(c) In the absence of overtly obvious stressors, psychosis may not even manifest.
(d) None of the above.
Ans B Third passage clearly states that there are no fixed factors which lead to activation of
psychosis state. The passage also mentions that one’s biological and genetic makeup plays a role in
the state of psychosis.

Question 3. Which of the following, if true, would help author’s argument?

(a) The psychologists were unable to determine what caused Arun's psychosis.
(b) Deeptish was able to read the Prodromal symptoms in his friend, he tried to interfere and
provide him the emotional support that he needed. His attempt failed to help him.
(c) Deeptish was not easily able to read the Prodromal symptoms in his friend.
(d) None of the above

Ans A; As stated clearly in the third paragraph, psychosis can emerge even in the absence of visible
stimuli. Rest of the statements are either counterintuitive or does nothing to the author’s argument .

Question 4. Which of the following is true in relation to the passage?

(a) A psychotic state or break from reality only builds over time.
(b) Psychosis might even develop in the absence of overtly clear stressors.
(c) Psychosis is a permanent state of being in which a person undergoes a disruption in their
experience of commonly shared reality.
(d) It is possible to intervene and provide support during this ‘at-risk’ or ‘after’ stage.

Ans B; self-explanatory.

Question 5. Select the statement that best reflects the main idea of the passage?

(a) What exactly is psychosis? the types of experiences that a person has and the circumstances
that cause them.
(b) What are the effects of psychosis on a person?
(c) both a or b
(d) None of the above

Ans A; Option A covers all of the concepts expressed and explored in the passage, whereas Option B
identifies a suitable theme but is incomplete because it is not the passage's core theme.

Passage 4

The drive to become expert – to become as good as we can be, at whatever we’ve chosen to do – is
something we all share. It is not about external markers of success, such as moving up the career
ladder or becoming more marketable (though that may happen too). It’s an internal, ontological
process; a shift in the nature of who you are, not just what you can do. It’s a commitment to
developing your own potential as a person, to pushing your limits. It transcends short-term goals and
waypoints. Running counter to contemporary pressures to show quick results, it requires decades of
commitment and effort – perhaps a lifetime – and there are no shortcuts. It’s a slow-burning fuse,
especially when you don’t seem to be getting anywhere and you feel like giving up. Being expert
means you can achieve excellent results almost every time and in any situation – not just pull off the
occasional success.

A lot of people talk glibly about ‘the 10,000-hour rule’. This comes from the work of K Anders
Ericsson, a psychologist who devoted his life to researching how people become expert. Several
decades ago, he started observing ‘elite performers’ as he called them, especially in the world of
music. He discovered that all those who had become successful in this highly competitive world had
spent at least 10,000 hours in ‘sustained deliberate practice’. By this he meant working in a focused,
concentrated way, with the intention to make progress – very different from mindless repetition of a
task when your attention is somewhere else. Ericsson’s ‘10,000 hours’ has become something of a
mantra, popularised by writers such as Malcolm Gladwell. The idea that you need to spend a very
long time working at anything before you become expert makes obvious sense. But people
sometimes assume a corollary – that anyone can become expert simply by spending that amount of
time. Ten thousand hours may be a necessary condition for becoming expert, but hours alone are
not sufficient. Lots of people spend all that time but don’t become expert. You have to commit to
continually improve.

The framework I’ve proposed for becoming an expert, is based on the medieval guild system in
Europe – Apprentice, Journeyman, Master. Though we no longer use these terms in any gendered
sense, the idea of a progression is a familiar one. But this describes the process from the outside. It
overlooks the inside story, the experiences we all go through as we move along the path towards
mastery, the things we get wrong and the resilience we develop along the way – and I’ll take you
through this side of the journey too. My advice is for anyone who is interested in developing their
full potential – moving beyond short-term gratification towards deeper fulfilment.

(https://psyche.co/guides/how-to-become-an-expert-and-navigate-the-bumps-along-the-way)

Question 1. Which of the following statements regarding the author's framework for becoming an
expert is factually inaccurate?

(a) The framework is based on the medieval guild system in Europe – Apprentice, Journeyman,
Master.
(b) We no longer use the terms Apprentice, Journeyman, Master in any gendered sense, the
idea of a progression is an unfamiliar one.
(c) Author’s advice is for people who are interested in developing their full potential, moving
beyond short-term gratification.
(d) None of the above

Ans B; self-explanatory

Question 2. What may be deduced about the author's thoughts on the 10,000-hour rule?

(a) Without serious commitment, the general public perception that 10000 hours of labour
guarantees that you will become an expert is incomplete.
(b) The ‘10,000-hour rule’ comes from the work of K Anders Ericsson.
(c) Ericsson’s ‘10,000 hours’ has become something of a mantra, popularised by writers such as
Malcolm Gladwell.
(d) None of the above.

Ans A; option A captures the author’s thoughts on the rule in its entirety. Other options just state
factual information about the rule.

Question 3. Which of the following devised the 10,000-hour rule?

(a) Malcolm Gladwell

(b) K Anders Ericsson
(c) Both A and B
(d) Neither A nor B.

Ans B; no explanation needed.

Question 4. Which of the following statements weakens the author’s argument?

(a) Even though Prakash followed the 10,000-hour guideline consistently, he was unable to
achieve expertise in his field of interest due to commitment concerns.
(b) Oxford University conducted a thorough study with a batch size of 1000 participants and
came to the conclusion that persons who did not have the complete commitment may also
achieve mastery in their respective field by following the 10,000-hour rule.
(c) Both a and b
(d) None of the above.

Ans b; The statement present in option A is in sync with the author’s argument that the 10,000-hour
rule is not complete on its own. The statement present in option B counters that same argument by
presenting data which weakens the author’s thesis.

Question 5. What generally should the term "ontological" mean?

(a) Of or relating to essence or the nature of being.

(b) The science which relates to duty or moral obligation.
(c) A policy or practice based on or characteristic of paternalism.
(d) None of the above.

Ans A; option a is the definition of ontological, option B is the definition of deontology and option C
states the definition of paternalism.

Passage 5

The pursuit of happiness is many people’s primary goal in life, and a subject that’s occupied
countless philosophers and psychologists over the millennia. It is usually painted as an effortful and
difficult aim to accomplish, especially in trying times. Indeed, it’s through their promises to help us
reach a happier place that many self-help gurus pay for their mansions on the beach. However,
taking the first step to being happier could be a lot simpler than many people realise.

Logic dictates that happiness relies, at least in part, on a person’s ability to regulate their emotions.
After all, emotion regulation is the process of trying to change one’s current emotions to reach a
more desired emotional state. For example, I hate crying at sad movies, so whenever I feel the
sadness creeping up, I usually crack a joke to ward it off. Many of the emotion-regulation strategies
people commonly use might be familiar to you, such as doing fun things, talking with a friend, and
trying to think about the situation differently.

However, there is actually a much simpler way to change how you feel, as my colleagues and I, along
with other researchers, have found. It starts with answering the question ‘How do you feel?’ You
might think of the answer as just a ‘report’ of your current emotional state or mood, end of story.
But there’s more to it: research shows that the mere act of answering this question actually changes
the emotions you are currently feeling.

When we put our feelings into words in this way, scientists call it ‘affect labelling’. In psychology, the
word ‘affect’ (the ‘a’ is pronounced as in the word ‘tap’) refers to the family of feelings that include
emotions and moods. So, if someone asks you how you feel or if you ask yourself the same question,
you ‘affect label’ if you respond by saying something like ‘I feel angry’, but not if you just respond
with a grunt or a grimace.
Studies have shown that when people label their negative emotions, it can decrease how negative
they feel. For this research, participants typically view various negative emotional stimuli (such as
images of snarling dogs or impoverished children) and then the researchers ask them to either label
the emotion of the image (e.g., ‘fear’ or ‘sad’) or, for a control comparison, to label the content of
the image (e.g., ‘animal’ or ‘person’), and finally the participants will report their emotional feelings.
Importantly, at no point do the researchers instruct the participants to purposefully and effortfully
reduce their negative emotions. Most participants are also unaware that labelling their emotions
might change their feelings. The fact that labelling the emotion provoked by an image nonetheless
has this dampening effect on participants’ negative feelings suggests that affect labelling is different
from those deliberate emotion-regulation strategies I mentioned earlier. It seems that affect
labelling can help reduce negative emotions ‘implicitly’ – or without a conscious goal.

(https://psyche.co/ideas/asking-one-simple-question-can-entirely-change-how-you-feel)

Question 1. Which of the following can be inferred about The pursuit of happiness?

(a) The pursuit of happiness is the primary goal of the vast majority of people.
(b) The pursuit has kept countless phycologists, philosophers, and wannabe dreamers occupied
for millennia.
(c) Taking the first step toward happiness may not be as easy as many people usually realise.
(d) None of the above.

Ans A; Option A’s statement is clearly in sync with the text. Option B and Option C contain some
material which was not mentioned in the text or is counter-argumentative to the text as a whole.

Question 2. Author of the passage is most likely to agree with which of the following statements;

(a) In trying times, pursuit of happiness is painted as an effortful and difficult aim.
(b) A person's ability to regulate their emotions is dependent on virtue.
(c) Affect labelling of emotions doesn’t help with the intensity of these emotions.
(d) None of the above.

Ans A; Option A’s statement is clearly in sync with the author's opinion on the pursuit of happiness.
Option B and Option C contain some material which was not mentioned in the text or is counter-
argumentative to the author’s opinion as a whole.

Question 3. What generally should the term "grimace" mean?

(a) Initial
(b) Frown
(c) Both A and B
(d) Neither A nor B

Option B; self-explanatory.

Question 4. Which of the following statements contradicts the studies referenced in the text?

(a) The participants were aware of the study's principal goal and participated in such a way that
the study became bias.
(b) It appears that affect labelling can aid in the reduction of negative feelings 'implicitly,' or
without a conscious goal.
(c) Both A and B
 (d) Either A or B

Ans A; option A contradicts the believe that the participants’ acted subconsciously. Option B works
in sync with the study.

Question 5. According to the passage, which of the following is correct about negative emotions?

(a) Few of the most popular negative emotion ward techniques are doing fun things, talking
with a friend, and trying to think about the situation differently.
(b) Affect labelling of emotions helps with the intensity of the negative emotions.
(c) Both A and B
(d) Either A and B

Ans C; both option A and B are correct statements, mentioned in the para 2 and 4 respectively.

Passage 6

Edgar Allan Poe was an inventor. Throughout his short life, Poe constantly experimented with new
literary forms: he wrote the world’s first modern detective story, ‘The Murders in the Rue Morgue’
(1841); he redefined the gothic horror genre; he helped develop the poetic movement called
Symbolism; and his novel about a stowaway on a fantastical voyage to the South Pole, The Narrative
of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket (1838), is one of the earliest examples of science fiction. This
experimentation might have made him popular, but it did not make him wealthy. Poe died poor in
1849. One mean-spirited obituary, written by a literary rival, reads: ‘Edgar Allan Poe is dead. He died
in Baltimore the day before yesterday. This announcement will startle many, but few will be grieved
by it.’

Jules Verne was not an inventor. Despite being seen as an innovator, he shared little of Poe’s literary
ingenuity. Born in 1828, he is often credited with inventing the genre of science fiction, thanks to his
novel Five Weeks in a Balloon (1863), in which Europeans explore the African continent in a hot-air
balloon. After finishing a draft of the novel while also working at the Paris stock market, Verne
supposedly told his colleagues:

My friends, I bid you adieu. I’ve had an idea … that should make me rich. I’ve just written a novel in a
new style … If it succeeds, it will be a gold mine.

But the idea wasn’t his. It belonged to Poe, who had already written a similar story almost two
decades earlier known as ‘The Balloon-Hoax’ (1844). Verne’s ‘new style’ succeeded, and for the rest
of his life he published novels following a strict genre formula based on Poe’s writings. The long list
of his ‘voyages extraordinaries’, as Verne called them, includes Journey to the Centre of the Earth
(1864), Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas (1869-70), Around the World in 80 Days (1872),
and more than 50 others. Verne would die in 1905, extremely rich, proving that writing novels can
be a better career choice than selling stocks.

Two writers, two distinct approaches to their craft, two different legacies. Poe, the writer-inventor,
who experimented with forms and styles; and Verne, the writer-entrepreneur, who reproduced one
popular (and lucrative) genre, with some variation, over and over again. These are two opposite
strategies that have been taken by many artists before and since. The first strategy is a form of
exploration. It is a search for novelty and difference, often through trial and error. The other
strategy? Exploitation, relying on an approach that has already proven itself. Thinking in terms of
these strategies changes not only how we understand the writers of the past, but also the work of
contemporary filmmakers, dancers, musicians, performance artists or YouTubers.

Question 1. Which of the following is true about Edgar Allan Poe?

(a) Poe dabbled in experimenting with new literary forms.

(b) Poe wrote the world’s first modern detective story, ‘The Murders in the Rue Morgue’ (1851).
(c) Both A and B
(d) None of the above

Ans D; Poe constantly experimented with new literary forms and Poe wrote the world’s first modern
detective story, ‘The Murders in the Rue Morgue’ (1841). Thus, both of the options are incorrect.

Question 2. Which of the following Is the correct expression of the author’s central argument in the
above passage?

(a) The author highlights the two distinct approaches used by quite a few well-known artists.
(b) The author highlights the exploitative approach of Jules Verne, who just piggy banked on the
innovations of Edgar Allan Poe.
(c) Jules Verne redefined the gothic horror genre.
(d) None of the above.

Ans A; Option A summaries author’s thesis in a sufficient manner, rest of the option are either
incorrect statements (Option C) or are author’s fringe arguments (option B).

Question 3. What can be inferred from the term ‘mean-spirited obituary’ in the present context?

(a) Obituary lacking the appropriate compassion and warmth.

(b) Obituary written with proper compassion and warmth.
(c) Obituary written in a resentful and hateful manner.
(d) Both A and C

Ans a; even though, option C is factually correct it won’t be the appropriate answer in the current
circumstance as in the present context in means lack of compassion and warmth in the obituary.

Question 4. Which of the following is not a Jules Verne literary work?

(a) The Balloon-Hoax

(b) Journey to the Centre of the Earth
(c) Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas
(d) Around the World in 80 Days

Ans A; no explanation.

Question 5. Which of the following inferences from the passage is correct?

(a) Jules Verne didn’t invent the science fiction.

(b) The first strategy is a form of exploitation. It is a search for novelty and difference, often
through trial and error.
(c) The other strategy is a form of exploration, relying on an approach that has already proven
itself.
(d) None of the above.
Ans a; the author clearly states that science fiction as a genre was not invented by Jules Verne but
Edgar Allan Poe, two decades before him.