ü Force is needed to stop

an object.
ü Force always results
to motion.
ü Force can act even at
a distance.
ü Objects have the
tendency to remain at
rest.
ü Objects have the
tendency to resist
change.
S C W P F I R J A I
V S I C C B W E I Y
N O I T C I R F T G
N O T W E N G I R A
J V Z E L N V Z E L
F R P X N A G H N I
V C Y W R S M A I L
G V Z G B X I R M E
C O N T A C T O O O
O G Z X M N B J N N
S C W P F I R J A I
V S I C C B W E I Y
N O I T C I R F T G
N O T W E N G I R A
J V Z E L N V Z E L
F R P X N A G H N I
V C Y W R S M A I L
G V Z G B X I R M E
C O N T A C T O O O
O G Z X M N B J N N
What is the effect of
understanding the
nature of force?
ü Tension
ü Gravity
ü Contact
ü Normal
ü Newton
ü Magnetic
ü Galileo
ü Inertia
ü Friction
ü vector quantity (magnitude
and direction)
ü SI Unit: Newton (N)
ü 1 N of force is required to give
a 1-kg mass an acceleration of
1 m/s 2 .
ü 1 N = 1 kg m/s 2
1. Force can make an object
move starting from a rest
position.
2. Force can make a moving
object stop.
3. Force can change the direction
of a moving object.
Fundamental Forces

ü Gravitational force
Electromagnetic Force
Weak Nuclear Force
Strong Nuclear Force
ü Contact and non-contact forces
ex: gravity, tension, push and
pull, etc.

Non-Fundamental Forces
ü It hopes to unify 3 fundamental
forces to form one basic force.
ü Electromagnetic forces, weak
nuclear force, strong nuclear
force.

Grand Unified Theory

ü Aims to unify all fundamental
forces

Theory of Everything
ü It is formed by successfully
combining EM force and weak
nuclear force through the efforts
of Sheldon Glashow, Abdus
Salam, and Steven Weinberg in
1970s, they won 1979 Nobel
Prize in physics.
Electroweak Force
ü Have you ever felt that
that you are connected to
someone or something
even if there is physical
separation?
ü What makes you
connected?
Contact Forces
ü forces that require physical
contact between objects
Non-Contact Forces
ü also known as action-at-a-
distance forces or field forces
ü it does not require physical
contact to have any effect on
the other object.
Applied force
ü a force which is applied to an object
by another object or by a person.
ü The direction of the applied force
depends on how the force is applied.
Normal Force (N)
ü referred to as pressing force and is
always directed towards the object and
acts perpendicularly.
Frictional force (f)
Ø results when two surfaces are
pressed together closely, causing
attractive intermolecular forces
between the molecules of the two
different surfaces.
Ø acts parallel to the surface.
Ø f=µN (µ=coefficient of friction,
N=Normal force)
 Air Resistance Force
Ø a special type of frictional
force
Ø frequently be ignored due to
its negligible magnitude.
Ø most noticeable in objects
which travel at high speed or
in objects with large surface
areas.
Tensional force (T)
Ø a force transmitted through
a string, rope, or wire when
pulled tight by force acting
at each end.
Ø the direction is always away
from the object.
 Spring force
Ø the force exerted by a spring
upon any object which is
attached to it.
Ø acts to restore the object,
which compresses or
stretches a spring, to its ret
or equilibrium position.
Force of Gravity (Weight)
Ø the force with which the Earth,
moon, or other massive body
attracts an object towards itself.
Ø the weight of the object
Ø W=mg
Ø (g=9.8 m / s 2 ; m=object’s mass
(kg))
Electrical force
Ø force that exists between
charges
Ø attractive or repulsive
Magnetic force
Ø exists in magnets
Ø attract or repel
ü Balanced Forces
ü are equal forces acting in opposite
directions;
ü they have zero net force.
ü Unbalanced Force
Ø has a nonzero net force
Ø thus it produces acceleration.
ü If you are to exert force on
something, is it important to
get familiar with the other
forces involved?
ü How does the knowledge of
the other forces help you in
doing a particular task?
ü How can you show
cautiousness in dealing
with the different forces?
ü How can you relate love to
contact and non-contact
forces?
 Mass vs. Weight

Mass Weight
ü It is the amount of ü Force on a body due
matter a body to gravity
contains. ü Vector quantity
ü Scalar quantity ü Affected by the
ü Independent from changes of
gravity acceleration due to
ü SI Unit: kg (kilogram) gravity
ü SI Unit: N (Newton)
Weight

𝑊 = 𝑚𝑔
Wherein:
ü 𝑚 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑘𝑔
ü 𝑔 = 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦
ü 𝑔 𝑜𝑛 𝐸𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ = 9.8 𝑚/𝑠 !
How do mass and
weight differ?
Sample Problem 1:

Lynne has a mass of 100 kg on

Earth. What is her weight on the
moon where acceleration due to
garvity is 1/6 that on Earth?
SP 1:
G: m = 100 kg ;
1
𝑔"##$ = 𝑜𝑓 𝐸𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ% 𝑠 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦
6
R: 𝑊&'()* = ? ; 𝑊+##$ = ?
E: 𝑊 = 𝑚𝑔
"
S: 𝑊&'()* = 100𝑘𝑔 9.8 !
,
𝑊&'()* = 𝟗𝟖𝟎. 𝟎 𝑵
SP 1:
G: m = 100 kg ;
1
𝑔"##$ = 𝑜𝑓 𝐸𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ% 𝑠 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦
6
R: 𝑊&'()* = ? ; 𝑊+##$ = ?
E: 𝑊 = 𝑚𝑔
-././ 1
S: 𝑊+##$ =
2
𝑊+##$ = 𝟏𝟔𝟑. 𝟎 𝑵
Sample Problem 2:

A piece of equipment weighs

539.0 N on Earth and 209.0 N
om Mars. What is the
acceleration of gravity on the
surface of Mars?
SP 2:
SP 2:
G:𝑊! = 539.0 𝑁; 𝑊" = 209.0 𝑁
𝑔! = 9.8 𝑚/𝑠 #
R: 𝑔" = ? ; 𝑚$ = ?
%! %"
E: 𝑊 = 𝑚𝑔 → 𝑚 = & → 𝑔" = '
#
()*., -& %
$
S: 𝑚$ = = 𝟓𝟓. 𝟎 𝐤𝐠
*.. '/0 %
#,*., -& '/0 %
𝑔" = = 3.8 m/s^2
((., -&
Practice Exercises 1:
1. Compute the weight of a
body on the moon if the
mass is 60.0 Kg? (g is given
as 1.625 m/s^2)
2. Which has greater mass: a
49 N object on earth, or 49
N object on Mars?