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5 INEQUALITIES
Linear Inequality in one variable is an inequality written as 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 < 𝑐 (a, b and c are real numbers, a≠ 0).
Inequality symbol (<) can be replaced with >, ≤ , ≥.
The solution set of an inequality is the set of all real numbers for which the inequality is a true statement.
Two inequalities are equivalent inequalities if they have the same solution set.
Compound Inequalities
A compound inequality is formed by joining two inequalities with the connective word and or or.
The solution set of a compound inequality with the connective word or is the union of the solution sets of the two
inequalities.
The solution set of a compound inequality with the connective word and is the intersection of the solution sets of the
two inequalities.
Polynomial Inequalities
Any value of x that causes a polynomial in x to equal zero is called a zero of the polynomial.
The real zeros of the polynomial are also referred to as critical values of the inequality.
In Exercises 5 to 12, use the properties of inequalities to solve each inequality. Write the solution set using set
builder notation, and graph the solution set.
8. 5𝑥 + 6 < 2𝑥 + 1
5𝑥 − 2𝑥 < 1 − 6
3𝑥 < −5
3𝑥 5
< −
3 3
5
𝑥< −
3
5
Solution set: {𝒙 |𝒙 < − 3} Graph: )
-5/3
15. 10 ≥ 3𝑥 − 1 ≥ 0
0 ≤ 3𝑥 − 1 ≤ 10
0 + 1 ≤ 3𝑥 ≤ 10 + 1
1 ≤ 3𝑥 ≤ 11
1 3𝑥 11
≤ ≤
3 3 3
1 11
≤𝑥 ≤
3 3
𝟏 𝟏𝟏
Solution set: { 𝒙 | 𝟑
≤𝒙 ≤ 𝟑
} Graph: [ ]
1/3 11/3
Solution set: {x|𝑥 < −1} ∪ {𝑥| 𝑥 < 1} = {𝑥| 𝑥 < 1} Graph:
In Exercises 21 to 32, use interval notation to express the solution set of each inequality.
32. | 2𝑥 + 7| ≤ 0
2𝑥 + 7 = 0
2𝑥 = −7
2𝑥 7
=−
2 2
7
𝑥 = − 2=
𝟕
Solution set: {− }
𝟐
35. 𝑥 2 − 16 ≤ 0
| |
−4 4
39. 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 ≥ 28
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 28 ≥ 0
To find the critical values
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 28 = 0
(𝑥 − 7)(𝑥 + 4) =0
𝑥 − 7 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥+4=0
𝑥 = 7, −4
| |
−4 7
| |
−4 1
𝑥+2
53. 𝑥−5
≤2
𝑥+2
−2≤0
𝑥−5
𝑥 + 2 2 ∙ (𝑥 − 5)
− ≤0
𝑥−5 𝑥−5
𝑥 + 2 − 2𝑥 + 10
≤0
𝑥−5
−𝑥+12
𝑥−5
≤0 Domain: 𝒙 − 𝟓 ≠ 𝟎 ⇒ 𝒙 ≠ 𝟓
| |
5 12
67. Revenue The monthly revenue R for a product is given by R 420 x 2 x2 , where x is the price in dollars of each
unit produced. Find the interval, in terms of x, for which the monthly revenue is greater than $0.
Solution:
R 420 x 2 x 2 0
2 x 210 x 0
To find critical values:
2x 0 or 210 x 0
x0 x 210
| |
0 210
Concept Check
2. Write the inequality |𝑥 + 2| > 3 as a compound inequality without absolute value signs.
Answer: 𝑥 + 2 > 3 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 + 2 < −3
3. Write the inequality |𝑥 − 5| 8 as a compound inequality without absolute value signs.
Answer: −8 ≤ 𝑥 − 5 ≤ 8
4. The solution of | 5𝑥 − 1| < −4 is ___. Answer: No solution or ∅
5. The possible values of 𝑥 in | 𝑥 − 7| ≥ 0 are ___. Answer: all real numbers or (−∞, ∞)
6. The critical values of the given inequalities are ___.
a. 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 < 0 Answer: 0 and – 8
2𝑥−1
d. 𝑥(𝑥−3)
>0 Answer: 0, ½ and 3