Department of Mathematics

Dr. Mustafa El-Agamy

Dr. Mohammad Yasin
Mathematics
for Engineering and Computer Science Students (Math 103)
WorkSheet No. (2) – Solution
Problem 1:
Solve the following equations and inequalities:
2
(a) 2𝑥 − 1 ≤ 7𝑥 + 4 (b) +1>5 (c) 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 < 0
𝑥

(d) 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2 > 0 (e) 12 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 ≥ 0 (f) 4 < 𝑥 2 < 25

(g) (𝑥 + 1)2 < 9 (h) |𝑥 − 1| ≥ 2 (i) |4𝑥 + 13| < −24

2
(j) | − 4| < 3 (k) |𝑥 − 1| > |2𝑥 − 3| (l) |𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5| < 3
𝑥

(m) |1 − 𝑥| = 1 (n) |𝑥 − 2| = |6𝑥 + 10|

Solution
(𝑎) 2𝑥 − 1 ≤ 7𝑥 + 4 ⟹ −5𝑥 ≤ 5 ⟹ 𝑥 ≥ −1 ⟹ 𝒙 ∈ [−𝟏 , ∞[

2 2 𝑥 1 1 𝟏
(b) +1>5 ⟹ ∞> >4 ⟹ 0< < ⟹ 0<𝑥< ⟹ 𝒙∈]𝟎, [
𝑥 𝑥 2 4 2 𝟐

2
Complete square 1 2 1 1 2 1 Apply √ 1 1
(𝑐 ) 𝑥 − 𝑥 < 0 ⇒ (𝑥 − ) − < 0 ⟹ (𝑥 − ) < ⇒ |𝑥 − | <
2 4 2 4 2 2

−1 1 1
<𝑥− < ⟹ 0<𝑥<1 ⟹ 𝒙 ∈ ]𝟎 , 𝟏 [
2 2 2

Another approach: Use factorization 𝒙(𝒙 − 𝟏) < 𝟎 and check when the product is negative.

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 2
1 2 9 1 2 9 1 3
(𝑑 ) 𝑥 − 𝑥 − 2 > 0 ⟹ (𝑥 − ) − > 0 ⟹ (𝑥 − ) > ⟹ |𝑥 − | >
2 4 2 4 2 2

1 3 1 3
∴𝑥− > or 𝑥− <− ⟹ 𝒙 ∈ ]−∞ , − 𝟏[ ∪ ]𝟐 , ∞[
2 2 2 2

(𝑒) 12 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 ≥ 0 ⟹ 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 12 ≤ 0 ⟹ (𝑥 + 2)2 − 16 ≤ 0 ⟹ |𝑥 + 2| ≤ 4

∴ −4 ≤ 𝑥 + 2 ≤ 4 ⟹ −6 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2 ⟹ 𝒙 ∈ [−𝟔 , 𝟐]

(𝑓) 4 < 𝑥 2 < 25 ⟹ 2 < |𝑥| < 5

|𝑥| < 5 ⟹ −5 < 𝑥 < 5 and |𝑥| > 2

𝒙 ∈ ] − 𝟓 , 𝟓[ 𝑥>2 or 𝑥 < −2
∩
𝒙 ∈ ]−∞ , − 𝟐[ ∪ ]𝟐 , ∞[

𝒙 ∈ ] 𝟐 , 𝟓 [ ∪ ]−𝟓 , − 𝟐 [

(g) (𝑥 + 1)2 < 9 ⟹ |𝑥 + 1| < 3 ⟹ −3 < 𝑥 + 1 < 3 ⟹ −4 < 𝑥 < 2 ⟹ 𝒙 ∈ ]−𝟒 , 𝟐 [

(ℎ) |𝑥 − 1| ≥ 2 ⟹ 𝑥−1≥2 or 𝑥 − 1 ≤ −2

∴ 𝑥 ≥ 3 or 𝑥 ≤ −1 ⟹ 𝒙 ∈ ] − ∞ , − 𝟏] ∪ [𝟑 , ∞[

(𝑖) |4𝑥 + 13| < −24

No solution because the absolute value can’t be negative ⟹ 𝑆. 𝑆. = 𝜑

2 2 2 𝑥 1
(𝑗 ) | − 4| < 3 ⟹ −3 < −4<3 ⟹ 1< <7 ⟹ 1> >
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 2 7

2 𝟐
∴2>𝑥> ⟹ 𝒙 ∈ ] , 𝟐[
7 𝟕

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 Squaring
(𝑘 ) |𝑥 − 1| > |2𝑥 − 3| ⇒ (𝑥 − 1)2 > (2𝑥 − 3)2

10 8
∴ 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 > 4𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 9 ⟹ 3𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 8 < 0 ⟹ 𝑥2 − 𝑥+ <0
3 3

5 2 1 5 1 4 𝟒
(𝑥 − ) − < 0 ⟹ |𝑥 − |< ⟹ <𝑥<2 ⟹ 𝒙∈] ,𝟐[
3 9 3 3 3 𝟑

Another approach: Redefine the given inequality as

𝑥 − 1 > 2𝑥 − 3 and 𝑥 − 1 > − (2𝑥 − 3)

(𝑙) |𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5| < 3 ⟹ −3 < 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5 < 3 ⟹ −3 < (𝑥 − 3)2 − 4 < 3

∴ 1 < (𝑥 − 3)2 < 7 ⟹ 1 < |𝑥 − 3| < √7

|𝑥 − 3| < √7 and |𝑥 − 3| > 1

𝑥>4 or 𝑥<2
∴ 3 − √7 < 𝑥 < 3 + √7 ∩
𝒙 ∈ ]−∞, 𝟐[ ∪ ]𝟒, ∞[
𝒙 ∈ ] 𝟑 − √𝟕 , 𝟑 + √𝟕 [

𝒙 ∈ ] 𝟑 − √𝟕 , 𝟐 [ ∪ ] 𝟒 , 𝟑 + √𝟕 [

(𝑚) |1 − 𝑥| = 1 ⟹ 1 − 𝑥 = 1 or 1 − 𝑥 = −1 ⟹ 𝑺. 𝑺. = {𝟎 , 𝟐}

(𝑛) |𝑥 − 2| = |6𝑥 + 10| ⟹ 𝑥 − 2 = 6𝑥 + 10 or 𝑥 − 2 = −(6𝑥 + 10)

−𝟏𝟐 −𝟖
𝑺. 𝑺. = { , }
𝟓 𝟕

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Problem 2:
Let 𝐹(𝑥) be the function whose graph is shown on the right. Evaluate each of the following expressions:

1. lim 𝐹 (𝑥) = 𝟑 2. lim 𝐹 (𝑥) = −𝟐

𝑥→ −4− 𝑥→ −4+
𝒚 = 𝑭(𝒙)
3. lim 𝐹 (𝑥) 𝑫𝑵𝑬 4. lim 𝐹 (𝑥) = 𝟐
𝑥→ −4 𝑥→ 4

5. lim 𝐹 (𝑥) 𝑫𝑵𝑬 6. lim 𝐹 (𝑥) = 𝟒

𝑥→ 2 𝑥→ −1

7. 𝐹 (−4) = 𝟑 8. 𝐹 (2) = −𝟏

9. lim 𝐹 (𝑥) = 𝟐 10. 𝐹 (4) 𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐝

𝑥→ −6+

Problem 3:
Evaluate the following expressions:

1. lim 𝐹 (𝑥) = −𝟔 2. lim 𝐹 (𝑥) = −𝟔

𝑥→ −8− 𝑥→ −8+

𝒚 = 𝑭(𝒙)
3. lim 𝐹 (𝑥) = −𝟔 4. lim − 𝐹 (𝑥) = 𝟑
𝑥→ −8 𝑥→ −2

5. lim 𝐹 (𝑥) = ∞ 6. lim 𝐹 (𝑥) 𝑫𝑵𝑬

𝑥→ −2+ 𝑥→ −2

7. 𝐹 (−8) = −𝟑 8. 𝐹 (−2) = 𝟑

9. 𝐹 (𝑥) = 0 at
10. 𝐹 (6) = 𝟓
𝑥 = −𝟏𝟏, −𝟒, 𝟏𝟎

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Problem 4:
Sketch the following functions, then from the graph find the domain and the range. Find also 𝑥 −intercept
and 𝑦 −intercept:

(a) 𝑓 (𝑥) = 1 − 𝑒𝑥 (b) 𝑓 (𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1 (c) 𝑓 (𝑥) = − 3(−𝑥)

(d) 𝑓 (𝑥) = 4(𝑥−1) (e) 𝑓 (𝑥) = 1 − 2(𝑥−1)

Solution

(a) 𝑓 (𝑥) = 1 − 𝑒𝑥

𝑦 = − 𝑒𝑥
𝑥
𝑦=𝑒 Reflection about 𝑥−axis

𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 1 − 𝑒 𝑥
Shift up by 1 unit

𝐷𝑓 : 𝑥 ∈ ℝ

𝑅𝑓 : 𝑦 ∈ ] − ∞, 1[

𝑥 −intercept: 𝑥 = 0

𝑦 −intercept: 𝑦 = 0

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(b) 𝑓 (𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1

𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2 𝑥 + 1
𝑦 = 2𝑥
Shift up by 1 unit

𝐷𝑓 : 𝑥 ∈ ℝ 𝑅𝑓 : 𝑦 ∈ ]1, ∞[

𝑦 −intercept: 𝑦 = 2

(c) 𝑓 (𝑥) = − 3(−𝑥)

𝑥
𝑦 = 3(−𝑥)
𝑦=3 Reflection about 𝑦−axis

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 𝑓 (𝑥) = − 3(−𝑥)
Reflection about 𝑥−axis

𝐷𝑓 : 𝑥 ∈ ℝ

𝑅𝑓 : 𝑦 ∈ ] − ∞, 0[

𝑦 −intercept: 𝑦 = −1

(d) 𝑓 (𝑥) = 4(𝑥−1)

𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = 4(𝑥−1)
𝑦=4
Shift right by 1 unit

𝐷𝑓 : 𝑥 ∈ ℝ 𝑅𝑓 : 𝑦 ∈ ]0, ∞[

𝑦 −intercept: 𝑦 = 0.25

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(e) 𝑓 (𝑥) = 1 − 2(𝑥−1)

𝑦 = 2(𝑥−1)
𝑦 = 2𝑥
Shift right by 1 unit

𝑦 = −2(𝑥−1) 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 − 2(𝑥−1)

Reflection about 𝑥 −axis Shift up by 1 unit

𝐷𝑓 : 𝑥 ∈ ℝ 𝑅𝑓 : 𝑦 ∈ ]−∞, 1[

𝑥 −intercept: 𝑥 = 1 𝑦 −intercept: 𝑦 = 0.5

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Problem 5:
Solve each of the following equations for 𝑥:

(a) 𝑒 (𝑥−3) − 1 = 0 (b) 32𝑥 − 12 (3𝑥 ) + 27 = 0 (c) 2𝑥 = 36 (3−𝑥 )

Solution

(a)
𝑒 𝑥−3 = 1 ⟹ 𝑒 𝑥−3 = 𝑒 0 ⟹ 𝑥 − 3 = 0 ⟹ 𝑥=3

𝑺. 𝑺. = {𝟑}

(b)
(3𝑥 )2 − 12(3𝑥 ) + 27 = 0

∴ (3𝑥 − 3)(3𝑥 − 9) = 0

3𝑥 = 3 𝐨𝐫 3 𝑥 = 9 = 32

𝑺. 𝑺. = {𝟏 , 𝟐}

(c)
36
2𝑥 = ⟹ (2𝑥 )(3𝑥 ) = 36 ⟹ 6𝑥 = 36 ⟹ 6𝑥 = 62
3𝑥

𝑺. 𝑺. = {𝟐}

Note that:

𝑎𝑥 𝑎 𝑥
𝑎 𝑥 𝑏 𝑥 = (𝑎 𝑏 ) 𝑥 and = ( )
𝑏𝑥 𝑏

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