Present simple  fact and general truths

“The sun sets in the west”

 things that are true now
“I live in Hong Kong”
 regular events
“I play basketball every day”
Present continuous  actions happening at the time of speaking
“I am having breakfast”
 temporary situations around now
“I am studying English”
 changing situations of trends
“More and more people are using smartphone”
 actions in photographs and pictures
“I am smiling in this photo”
 repeated actions that are annoying
“He is always making noise”
Present perfect  actions that happened in the past which has an effect on the present
“I have broken my leg”
 actions that began in the past and continue up to the present
“I have been studying English since 5”
 actions that happened in the past, but the exact time is not known
“I have finished my English homework”
 past experience up to now
“I have visited Mary’s home twice”
Present perfect continuous  actions that started in the past and are still continuing now/ have just ended
“He has been studying English (until now)”
Past simple  completed actions in the past
“I ate a cake”
Past continuous  what was happening at a time in the past
“I was playing game in yesterday afternoon”
 what was happening when another action took place
“I was playing game when I heard a loud bang”
 two pass actions that continued over the same period of time
“I was playing game when Andrew was studying English”
Past perfect  to talk about a specific instance
 expressing a condition and a result
 “I had eaten a cake”
Future form (will/ shall)  talk about what we think is likely to happen in the future
“I think it will rain soon”
 mention a decision we make at the time of speaking, without planning
“I guess I’ll go back home then”
Future form (be going to)  talk about something that we are sure will happen based on evidence
“I am going to fail this test”
 mention a plan or decision that we have already made
“I am going to play basketball today”
Future perfect  An action that will be completed before another action or time in the future
“By the time he returns home, I will have finished my homework”
“I will have finished by homework by today afternoon”

Review And, or, but, although, though, even though

Showing reasons As, because, since, because of, due to
Showing results Therefore, so
Showing purposes In order to, so as to, so that
Showing examples For example, for instance, like, such as
Showing time Before, after, meanwhile
Showing sequence First, second, next, then , later, after that, before that, finally, eventually, at last
Make comparison Likewise, similarly, however, but, nevertheless, on the contrary, yet
Adding information Also, besides, moreover, furthermore, in addition
Expressing result As a result, as a consequence, consequently, therefore, thus
Making generalization In general, on the whole, to a grate extent
Summing up In short, in conclusion, to summarize

Present simple Past simple

Present continuous Past continuous
Present perfect Past perfect
Present perfect continuous Past perfect continuous
Past simple Past perfect
Past continuous Past perfect continuous
Future Present conditional
Exception:
-The reporting verb is in the simple present
-The information is true when we report it
-A definite year in the past is mentioned

Structure of sentences
Talking about amount
Articles
Pronouns and possessives
Preposition of location and movement
Prepositions of time
Adverbs of manner
Adverb of frequency
Adverb of degree
The simple present
The present continuous
Present perfect
Present perfect continuous
The simple past
The past continuous
The past
The future forms
WImperatives
Models
Gerund and to-infinitive
Connectives
Used to
Question tag
Userful expression
Commenting on amound
Comparatives and superlatives
Interjections
The passive voice
Type 0-3 Conditionals
Linking Words (I – II)
Relative clauses
Noun Phrases
Participle clauses
To-infinitive clauses
Direct speech
Reported speech
Indirect questions
Rhetorical questions