Project Report

DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, HYDERABAD

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Kushal Jain of class XI Science, Delhi

Public School, Hyderabad has done this project under my
guidance and supervision in the school premises for the
academic year 2023-24.
This student has shown sincerity and utmost care in the
completion of this project. I certify that this project is up to
my expectations as per the guidelines issued by the CBSE.

Name:
Signature:
 DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, HYDERABAD

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I, Kushal Jain do hereby declare that this project is my

original work and I would like to thank Mr. B . Chandra
Mouli for his wholehearted support and guidance in making it
possible to complete this project on time. I would also like to
thank all those who have given me the required inputs, my
friends and family for their kind support and guidance without
which this project would not have been completed.

Name :
Signature :
 |CONTENTS|

1. Objective
2. Principle
3. Pascal’s law
4. Theory
5. Materials Required
6. Procedure
7. Observation
8. Result
9. Safety Precautions
10. Conclusions
 |Objective|

To make an Hydraulic arm using movable pistons(syringes),

Thus demonstrating Pascal’s law.

|Principle|

The basic principle behind any hydraulic system is very

simple - pressure applied anywhere to a body of fluid causes a
force to be transmitted equally in all directions, with the force
acting at right angles to any surface in contact with the fluid.
This is known as Pascal's Law.
|Pascal’s Law|
 |Materials required|

1. Cardboard - 30 cm sq.
2. Hard cardboard - 12cm sq. x 3
3. Syringes (2mL) , (20mL) - 11,5
4. Ice- cream sticks - 10
5. Wooden sticks - 10
6. Vinyl tubes or IVset (100 cm)
7. Glue gun with few sticks
8. Fevi-quick
9. Blade
10. Tweezers
11. A compass
12. Food colors/paints - 5 colors
13. Vessels -5
 |Procedure|

Firstly, take some hard cardboard and a blade and use it to cut
the hardboard for the right palm, now carefully make 4
divisions 2cm wide,having gap of a kebab stick, for the
fingers

Compare the hardboard with your right palm and hence give
appropriate sizes to each finger, now as each finger on the
palm has 2-3 lines which are needed for them to close and
open the fist, thus direct a kebab stick in places where the
lines represented on a finger appear, in the hardboard and
from the side such that the kebab sticks should make parallel
appearance to the lines on the finger on comparing them from
side by side , carve out the ‘u’ shaped raise caused from the
kebab stick, with low power and gently remove the kebab
stick, now in the hardboard ‘v’ shape should be formed to
ease bending of fingers

> Now as we know that a cylinder from a side looks like a

rectangle, similarly cut twenty two cylinder’s which appear to
be trapeziums from one side, with the shorter parallel side of
the trapezium being 1mm and the other being 3mm, from the
2mL syringes while using only six of them and saving 5
syringes for later.

> After that take the glue gun and stick all these cylinders
with the wider side in contact with glue, glue them to above
the lines on the hardboard and for the fingers with 3 lines add
one more piece below the third line.

> After that, take the 5 syringes left of 2mL and cut the disc at
the ends of the pistons and then make a hole near the disc end
for all 5 of them, then pass a thread through these holes and
tie them, now pass the thread along with the piston through
the cylinders starting from the finger ends to the finger tips, as
the piston reaches the third cylinder tie the thread to the fourth
cylinder and paste the syringe while keeping the piston
completely in the syringe and the finger being stretched and
closed, the tension on the string shouldn’t be much, glue the
syringe to the palm and then open the finger to remove the
tension, do this for all the 5 syringes.

> Now, take the vinyl tube or IVset and cut them in 5 identical
tube lengths and then join the one of the end’s to the 20mL
syringes, then suck 5 differently colored liquids to the 5
syringes 20 mL till they are half filled and then join the other
end to the 2mLsyringes.

Then take a cardboard base and the fix the 20mL syringes on
them with a system made so that it is easy to push or pull the
syringes, then set the arm on the same base with some
inclination while the syringes are facing towards syringes and
the other side is for the viewers.
 |Observation|

On pulling the 20mL syringe back and forth, the fist opens
and closes, here hydraulic push and pull is seen.

|Results|
Movement of a fist can be done by using Pascal’s law.

|SAFETY PRECAUTIONS|
. When pressing on the syringe system, be sure to press only
the input plunger with your thumb and hold the output syringe
with your other hand to prevent the syringe from separation.
. Do not use syringe as a "squirt gun".
. Check each component before setting up hydraulic system.
Do not use damaged or worn components like vinyl tubes
with holes. Turn them in for repair or replacement.
. Lift slowly
. Anticipate possible problems and take steps to avoid them.

|CONCLUSION|
Our design uses extremely simple ideas and mechanisms to
achieve a complex set of actions and is intended to imitate the
action of the operators. However, these hydraulic arms are
expensive for industries. If the major problem of high initial
cost is addressed, a robotic hydraulic arm can be introduced in
any industry to bring in automation.
The prepared mechanism has been successfully constrained
and executed in demonstrating movement of fist.