IOT BASED SMART STREET LIGHT SYSTEM

Project report submitted

in partial fulfillment of the requirement for award of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology
in
Computer Science & Engineering

By

SAROJ SAH (18UECS0775)

V. VEERANJANEYULU (18UECS0915)
U.SRI CHARAN SAI (16UECN0179)

Under the guidance of

Mrs. Kishore Kumar
Assistant Professor

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING

VEL TECH RANGARAJAN Dr.SAGUNTHALA R&D

INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(Deemed to be University Estd u/s 3 of UGC Act, 1956)
Accredited by NAAC with AGrade
CHENNAI 600 062, TAMILNADU, INDIA

June, 2021
 CERTIFICATE
It is certified that the work contained in the project report titled
“IOT BASED SMART STREET LIGHT SYSTEM” by SAROJ
SAH (18UECS0775), V.VEERANJANEYULU (18UECS0915),
U.SRI CHARAN SAI (16UECN0179)” has been carried out under
my supervision and that this work has not been submitted
elsewhere for a degree.
Signature of Supervisor
Mr.Kishore Kumar
Assistant professor
Computer Science &Engineering
School of Computing
VelTech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D
Institute of Science and Technology
June,2021

Signature of Head of the Department

Dr. V.Srinivasa Rao
Professor &Head
Computer Science &Engineering
SchoolofComputing
Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D
Institute of Science and Technology
June,2021

i
 DECLARATION
We declare that this written submission represents our ideas in our
own words and where others’ ideas or words have been included,
we have adequately cited and referenced the original sources. We
also declare that we have adhered to all principles of academic
honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated or
falsified any idea/data/fact/source in our submission. We understand
that any violation of the above will be cause for disciplinary action
by the Institute and can also evoke penal action from the sources
which have thus not been properly cited or from whom proper
permission has not been taken when needed.

(Signature)
( SAROJ SAH )
Date: / /

(Signature)
V. VEERANJANEYULU
Date: / /

(Signature)
(U.SRI CHARAN SAI)

Date: / /

ii
 APPROVAL SHEET

This seminar report entitled (IOT BASED SMART STREET

LIGHT SYSTEM) by “SAROJ SAH (18UECS0775), V.
VEERANJANEYULU (18UECS0915), U.SRI CHARAN SAI
(16UECN0179)” is approved for the degree of B.Tech in Computer
Science & Engineering.

Examiners Supervisor
Mr.Kishore Kumar
Assistant Professor

Date: / /
Place:

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We express our deepest gratitude to our respected Founder Chancellor and Pres-
ident Col. Prof. Dr. R. RANGARAJAN B.E. (EEE), B.E. (MECH), M.S (AUTO).
DSc., Foundress President Dr. R. SAGUNTHALA RANGARAJAN M.B.B.S.,
Chairperson Managing Trustee and Vice President.

We are very much grateful to our beloved Vice Chancellor Prof. S. SALIVA-
HANAN, for providing us with an environment to complete our seminar suc-
cessfully.

We record indebtedness to our Dean & Head, Department of Computer

Science & Engineering Dr. V. SRINIVASA RAO, M.Tech., Ph.D., for immense
care and encouragement towards us throughout the course of this project.

We take this opportunity to express our gratitude to Our Internal Supervisor Mr.
Kishore Kumar, Assistant professor for his cordial support, valuable in- formation
and guidance, he/she helped us in completing this seminar through various stages.

A special thanks to our Project Coordinators Mr. V.ASHOK

KUMAR,M.Tech., Ms. C. SHYAMALA KUMARI, M.E., Ms.S.FLORENCE,
M.Tech., for their valuable guidance and support throughout the course of the
project.

We thank to our department faculty, supporting staff and friends for their help and
guidance to complete this project.

SAROJ SAH (18UECS0775)

V. VEERANJANEYULU (18UECS0915)
U.SRI CHARAN SAI (16UECN0179)

iv
 ABSTRACT
IoT Based Smart Street Lighting with these smart lights we will be closer to the
smart city. Lights are turn on automatically according to a surrounding light intensity.
These light control of the light intensity is based on movement of people or vehicles.

In the case of emergency the lamps increase brightness to the maximum level and
thereby the safety of people is enhanced. Smart light informs we in case of a breakdown.
By the help of cloud system, we transfer energy (remote management possibility up to
50km). We need components like power source, LED chips, control unit. In case of light
break down control center transfer message to server/cloud and then server/cloud
transfer the energy to the BTS tower. BTS tower transfer the energy to the control unit of
smart lighting, bulb is glowing.

Keywords: IoT(Internet of Things), LED(Light Emitting Diode), BTS(Base Tower

Stations)

v
 LIST OF FIGURES
4.1 Architecture Diagram ………………………………………………… 5
4.2 Data Flow Diagram …………………………………………………….. 6
4.3 UML Diagram …………………………………………………………. 7
4.4 Use Case Diagram ……………………………………………………… 8
4.5 Class Diagram …………………………………………………………. 9
4.6 Sequence Diagram …………………………………………………….. 10

5.1 Test Image ………………………………………………………………. 14

6.1 Output 1 ………………………………………………………………… 16

6.2 Output 2 ………………………………………………………………… 17

vi
vii
 LIST OF ACRONYMS AND
ABBREVIATIONS

• IoT – Internet of Things

• LDR – Light Dependent Resistor
• BTS – Base Tower Station

viii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page.No
ABSTRACT V

LIST OF FIGURES Vi

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS Vii

1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction……………………………………………………. 1
1.2 Aim of the project……………………………………………… 2
1.3 Project Domain………………………………………………… 2
1.4 Scope of the Project……………………………………………. 2
1.5 Methodology…………………………………………………… 3

2 LITERATURE REVIEW 4

3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 5
3.1 Existing System……………………………………………… 5
3.2 Proposed System……………………………………………… 5
3.3 Feasibility Study……………………………………………… 6
3.3.1 Economic Feasibility..................................................... 6
3.3.2 Technical Feasibility………………………………… 6
3.3.3 Social Feasibility……………………………………… 6

3.4 System Specification………………………………………… 7

3.4.1 Hardware Specification……………………………… 7
9
 3.4.2 Software Specification………………………………… 7
3.4.3 Standards and Policies………………………………… 7

4 MODULE DESCRPITION 8
4.1 General Architecture…………………………………… 8
4.2 Design Phase……………………………………… 9
4.2.1 Data Flow Diagram…………………………………… 9
4.2.2 UML Diagram………………………………………… 11
4.2.3 Use Case Diagram……………………………………… 12
4.2.4 Class Diagram………………………………………… 13
4.2.5 Sequence Diagram……………………………………… 14
4.3 Module Description…………………………………… 15

5 IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING

5.1 Input and Output……………………………………………… 24
5.1.1 Input Design…………………………………………… 24
5.1.1 Output Design………………………………………… 25
5.2 Testing………………………………………………………… 26
5.3 Types of Testing………………………………………… 26
5.3.1 Unit Testing…………………………………………… 26
5.3.2 Integration Testing……………………………………… 26
5.3.3 Functional Testing……………………………………… 26
5.3.4 White Box Testing……………………………………… 27
5.3.5 Black Box Testing……………………………………… 27
5.3.6 Test Result……………………………………………… 27
5.4 Testing Strategy……………………………………………… 28

6 RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS 29

6.1 Efficiency of the Proposed System…………………………… 29
6.2 Comparison of Existing and Proposed System……………… 29
6.3 Advantages of the Proposed System………………………… 29

10
7 CONCLUSION 30
References 31

11
 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of interrelated computing
devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are
provided with unique identifiers and the ability to transfer data over a network
without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.

IOT is the network of physical devices that allows the devices to communicate
with each other. IOT allows remote sensing and control over the devices. It is an
advanced automation and analytics system which uses artificial intelligence
technology to deliver advanced and automated products and services.

These systems allow greater transparency, control, and good performance. IOT
has several automation applications like smart home, smart parking, smart roads,
smart lighting etc.

The current manual streetlight system has several problems like maintenance
issues, timing problem, and connectivity issues. These problems can be resolved
by IOT technology. The system is based on smart and weather adaptive
automatic street lighting and management.

1
1.2 Aim of the Project

• A Smart Street light improves road safety.

• It helps to reduce crime and makes cities more vibrant and attractive paces
for both business and communities.
• With this technology, we can begin shaping the smart cities of the future
right here in the present.

1.3 Project Domain

A Smart city is an urban area that uses different types of electronic data
collection sensors to supply information used to manage assets. Smart Street Light
System is a manageable and strong idea, which is utilized to switch ON/OFF of
the street lights robotically.

1.4 Scope of the Project

• Understanding the need to optimize power consumption without

compromising citizen safety.
• IoT based Smart Street Lighting prototype that can monitor and control
lights remotely, detect human presence, and identify outages.

2
 1.5 Methodology
We collecting the components like Arduino UnoR3, Bread board, Light
bulb, Photoresistor, Power Supply, Resistor , NPN Transistor (BJT) , Jumper Wires.
Then connecting the components with the help of jumper wires. After connected these
components, we implement the program on it. Then start simulation and read the monitor
or we saw the bulb is glowing. When the light intensity is low then the bulb is glowing
and when the light intensity is high the bulb is stop glowing.

3
 Chapter 2
LITERATUREREVIEW
Arjun, S. Stephenraj, N.Naveen Kumar, K.Naveen Kumar, Department of CSE,
University College of Engineering Villupuram, TamilNadu, Villupuram, 2019 IEEE
International Conference on System, Computation, Automation and Networking
(ICSCAN)

Today's modern world people preferred to live the sophisticated life with all
facilities. The science and technological developments are growing rapidly to meet the
above requirements. With advanced innovations, Internet of Things (IoT) plays a major
role to automate different areas like health monitoring, traffic management, agricultural
irrigation, street lights, class rooms, etc., Currently we use manual system to operate the
street lights, this leads to the enormous energy waste in all over the world and it should
be changed. In this survey we studied about, how IoT is used to develop the street lights
in the smart way for our modern era. It is an important fact to solve the energy crises and
also to develop the street lights to the entire world. In addition, with the study on smart
street lighting systems we analyzed and described different sensors and components
which are used inIoT environment. All the components of this survey are frequently
used and very modest but effective to make the unswerving intelligence systems.

The utilization of smart streetlights is gaining more attention in urban planning, as it

potentially reduces street lights‘ operation and maintenance costs, offers additional
benefits in terms of safety, security, efficiency, versatility, and scalability, and sets the
stage for further smart city applications. This paper provides an extensive overview of
state-of-the-art research on smart streetlights from various perspectives, including smart
city applications, communications, control strategies, and Cyber security, with the
objective of laying down a foundation for future improvements of smart streetlight
systems as well as establishing a basis for comparing existing technologies.

4
 Chapter 3

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.1 Existing System

In most of the cities, the street lights are ON when it is not need and It is OFF
when is not needed. Because of these situation the huge energy expenses for a city
gets wasted. Usually the lights are ON in the evening after the sunset, it
continuous to be ON till the sun rises in the next day morning
3.2 Proposed System
This project focuses on reducing the energy by automatically switching ON
and OFF street lights. When vehicles come to the street/road the sensor will
capture the movements of the vehicles then lights automatically ON. Otherwise
automatically OFF the lights.

Advantages
• Smart street lights contribute to more livable cities by helping to improve safety
and reduce congestion.
• Reduced energy cost.
• Smart street lights more efficiently manage electricity, leading to greater cost
savings compared to simple LED luminaires.
• Increased revenue opportunities.

5
 3.3 Feasibility Study
3.3.1 Economic Feasibility
This system of street lightening uses the renewable source of energy; and
therefore, it is environmental friendly. The proposed alternative Smart Street Light
(SSL) looks better than the conventional street lightening system which involves
high pressure sodium vapour (HPSV) lamps powered by electric grid through
transmission lines. However, installation cost of SSL is much higher than the
HPSV system installation. On the other hand, components of SSL have higher life
time than the components of HPSV system .

3.3.2 Technical Feasibility

The benefits of both alternatives of street lights are similar (i.e., providing
lighting to road users) and comparing the total life cycle cost of both alternatives is
required to decide which alternative is economically feasible. Moreover, the cost of each
alternative should be brought to the present value of money. In addition, the life time for
the two alternatives is different; hence, as per the principles of infrastructure projects
evaluations, the best measure of economic efficiency which can be used to compare
these alternatives is Equivalent Uniform Annual Cost (EUAC) (Sinha and Labi, 2007).
Therefore, the feasibility evaluation of both alternatives is carried out using EUAC. The
analysis period for the economic evaluation is considered as 20 years which is equal to
the maximum service life of SSL components. The interest rate and rate of inflation are
considered to be 7% and 3% respectively. Through this analysis, the Equivalent Uniform
Annual Cost for SSL and HPSV systems are found to be 332,923 and 424,430
respectively. This result signifies that adopting SSL over HPSV will give a cost saving
of 91,506 annually based on the present value of money, which is a significant saving for
a small village.

6
3.3.3 Social Feasibility

This feasibility study sits alongside a Smart Street Lighting System, which provides
smart city inspiration for Council including some developed concepts addressing the
specific challenges of the Councils. A Smart Street light improves road safety. It helps to
reduce crime and makes cities more vibrant and attractive paces for both business and
communities.

3.4 System Specification

3.4.1 Hardware Specification

• Laptop or Desktop

• Arduion

• LDR

3.4.2 Software Specification

• Tinkercad

• https://create.arduino.cc/editor

• Chrome Browser

3.4.3 Standards and Policies

Smart street lighting standards are currently fragmented and not well
integrated. The marketplace is changing quickly. There are many standards for the
individual components that make up a smart pole and smart street light but there
may not currently be any standards for an entire smart street lighting luminaire or
pole.

7
 Chapter 4
MODULE DESCRIPTION

4.1 General Architecture

Figure 4.1: General Architecture

This Smart Street Light System provides good energy efficiency. It reduces cost and
gives more reliability. This diagram consist sensor, light, power system. This
architecture is used to sense the vehicles and act accordingly. In this diagram street lights
control by the sensors. It get the data from object. When vehicles appear to sensor then
automatically lights ON. That the object moved on from sensors lights turn OFF. In this
diagram its represents the works of Smart Street Lighting System. When objects or
vehicles appear to the sensors it is detect movements of the objects and street lights
automatically ON. Then objects crossed to the sensors lights go to turn OFF. It is used to
save the power energy.
8
4.2 Design Phase
4.2.1 Data Flow Diagram

Figure 4.2: Data Flow Diagram

9
A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents a workflow or process. A flowchart can
also be defined as a diagrammatic representation of an algorithm, a step-by-step
approach to solving a task.
The flowchart shows the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting
the boxes with arrows. This diagrammatic representation illustrates a solution model to a
given problem. Flowcharts are used in analyzing, designing, documenting or managing a
process or program in various fields

10
4.2.2 UML Diagram

Figure 4.3: UML Diagram

UML is a standard language for specifying, visualizing, constructing, and

documenting the arti-facts of software systems. UML was created by the OMG and
UML 1.0 specification draft was proposed to the OMG in January 1997. It was
initially started to capture the behavior of complex software and non-software
system and now it has become an OMG standard. This tutorial gives a complete
understanding on UML.UML is a standard language for specifying, visualizing,
constructing, and documenting the artifacts of software systems.

11
4.2.3 Use Case Diagram

Figure 4.4: Use Case Diagram

To model a system, the most important aspect is to capture the dynamic

behaviour. Dynamic behaviour means the behaviour of the system when it is
running/operating. Only static behaviour is not sufficient to model a system
rather dynamic behaviour is more important than static behaviour. In UML,
there are five diagrams available to model the dynamic nature and use case
diagram is one of them. Now as we have to discuss that the use case diagram is
dynamic in nature, there should be some internal or external factors for making
the interaction. These internal and external agents are known as actors. Use case
diagrams consist of actors, use cases and their relationships. The diagram is used
to model the system/subsystem of an application. A single use case diagram
captures a particular functionality of a system.

12
4.2.4 Class Diagram

Figure 4.5: Class Diagram

Class diagrams are the main building blocks of every object oriented methods.
The class diagram can be used to show the classes, relationships, interface,
association, and collaboration. Since classes are the building block of an
application that is based on OOPs, so as the class diagram has appropriate
structure to represent the classes, inheritance, relationships, and everything that
OOPs have in its context. It describes various kinds of objects and the static
relationship in between them. In software engineering, a class diagram in the
UML is a type of static structure diagram that describes the structure of a system
by showing the system’s classes, their attributes, operations (or methods) and the
relationships among objects. The class diagram is the main building block of
object-oriented modeling. It is used for general conceptual modeling of the
structure of the application, and for detailed modeling translating the models into
programming code. Class diagrams can also be used for data modeling. The
classes in a class diagram represent both the main elements, interactions in the
application, and the classes to be programmed.

13
 4.2.5 Sequence Diagram

Figure 4.6: Sequences Diagram

A sequence diagram simply depicts interaction between objects in a sequential order

i.e. the order in which these interactions take place. We can also use the terms event
diagrams or event scenarios to refer to a sequence diagram. Sequence diagrams
describe how and in what order the objects in a system function. These diagrams are
widely used by businessmen and software developers to document and understand
requirements for new and existing systems.

A sequence diagram shows object interactions arranged in time sequence. It depicts

the objects and classes involved in the scenario and the sequence of messages
exchanged between the objects needed to carry out the functionality of the scenario.
Sequence diagrams are typically associated with use case realizations in the Logical
View of the system under development. Sequence diagrams are sometimes called
event diagrams or event scenarios.

14
4.3 Module Description
Components Required:-

• Arduino UnoR3

• Bread board

• Light bulb

• Photoresistor

• Power Supply

• Resistor

• NPN Transistor (BJT)

• Jumper Wires

1. Arduino UnoR3

15
Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital
input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz
ceramic resonator (CSTCE16M0V53-R0), a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP
header and a reset button.

It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a

computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get
started.. You can tinker with your Uno without worrying too much about doing
something wrong, worst case scenario you can replace the chip for a few dollars and
start over again.

2. Bread Board

A breadboard, or protoboard, is a construction base for prototyping of electronics.

Originally the word referred to a literal bread board, a polished piece of wood used when
slicing bread. In the 1970s the solderless breadboard (plugboard, a terminal array board)
became available and nowadays the term "breadboard" is commonly used to refer to
these.

16
3. Photoresistor

• A photoresistor (also known as a light-dependent resistor, LDR, or photo-

conductive cell) is a passive component that decreases resistance with respect
to receiving luminosity (light) on the component's sensitive surface. The
resistance of a photoresistor decreases with increase in incident light intensity;
in other words, it exhibits photoconductivity.

• A photoresistor can be applied in light-sensitive detector circuits and light-

activated and dark-activated switching circuits acting as a resistance
semiconductor. In the dark, a photoresistor can have a resistance as high as
several megaohms (MΩ), while in the light, a photoresistor can have a
resistance as low as a few hundred ohms.

17
 4. Power Supply

A power supply is an electrical device that supplies electric power to an electrical load.
The primary function of a power supply is to convert electric current from a source to
the correct voltage, current, and frequency to power the load.

As a result, power supplies are sometimes referred to as electric power converters. Some
power supplies are separate standalone pieces of equipment, while others are built into
the load appliances that they power. Examples of the latter include power supplies found
in desktop computers and consumer electronics devices.

18
 5. Resistor

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical

resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current
flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate
transmission lines, among other uses.

6. NPN Transistor (BJT)

19
A bipolar junction transistor is a type of transistor that uses both electrons and electron
holes as charge carriers. In contrast, a unipolar transistor, such as a field-effect transistor,
uses only one kind of charge carrier.

7. Jumper Wires

Jumper wires are simply wires that have connector pins at each end, allowing them to be
used to connect two points to each other without soldering.

Jumper wires are typically used with breadboards and other prototyping tools in order to
make it easy to change a circuit as needed. Fairly simple. In fact, it doesn’t get much
more basic than jumper wires.

Procedure

• Step 1:- Open a tinkercad website on www.tinkercad.com and create a new project
in circuit blocks.

• Step 2:- Collect the components like arduino, resistor, bread board, photoresistor,
PNP resistor, power supply, bulb and jumper wires.

• Step:- 3:-

❖ Connect the positive side of photoresistor with pin 5V of arduino.

20
 ❖ Connect the negative side of photoresistor with A5 pin of arduino.

❖ Connect the terminal 1 of NPN transistor to power supply of negative side.

❖ Connect the terminal 2 of NPN transistor to resistor with pin 3 of arduion board.

❖ Connect the terminal 3 of NPN transistor to bulb of negative side.

❖ Connect the positive side of bulb with positive side of power supply.

❖ Connect the negative side of photoresistor with ground of arduino board.

❖ Connect the negative side of photoresistor with ground of arduino board.

Step 4:- Input the code or program.

Step 5:- Start simulation and read the serial monitor.

Step 6:- Stop the simulation.

21
Source Code

int ldr=A5;

int ldr_value;

int light=3;

void setup()

pinMode(light, OUTPUT);

pinMode(ldr, INPUT);

void loop()

ldr_value=analogRead(ldr);

if (ldr_value>512)

digitalWrite(light, LOW);

else

digitalWrite(light, HIGH);

22
 Chapter 5

IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING

5.1 Input and Output

5.1.1 Input Design

The lighting comes from LED bulbs, which are trigger by multi sensors. A person,
object/vehicle appears nearby the sensors, It capture the signals and turn ON the
particular street lights. When object moves lights automatically works. SSLS used to
save the energy, mainly helps to save the power. LDR LED lights dependent devices
whose resistance decreases when light falls on them and increases in the dark. When a
light dependent resistor is kept in dark, its resistance is very high. The vehicle which
passes by the street light is detected by LDR sensor. Relay are used as a switch to switch
on/off the street light bulb.

23
5.1.2 Output Design

24
25
5.2 Testing
Testing is a process to check if the application is working same as it was supposed to
do, and not working as it was not supposed to do. Software testing is the process of
verifying a system with the purpose of identifying any errors, gaps or missing
requirement versus the actual requirement.

5.3 Types of Testing

5.3.1 Unit Testing

UNIT TESTING is a type of software testing where individual units or components

of a software are tested. The purpose is to validate that each unit of the software
code performs as expected. Unit Testing is done during the development (coding
phase) of an application by the developers.

5.3.2 Integration Testing

Integration testing (sometimes called integration and testing, abbreviated I&T) is the
phase in software testing in which individual software modules are combined and
tested as a group. Integration testing is conducted to evaluate the compliance of a
system or component with specified functional requirements.

5.3.3 Functional Testing

FUNCTIONAL TESTING is a type of software testing that validates the software

system against the functional requirements/specifications. The purpose of Functional
tests is to test each function of the software application, by providing appropriate
input, verifying the output against the Functional requirements.

26
5.3.4 White Box Testing

White Box Testing is software testing technique in which internal structure, design
and coding of software are tested to verify flow of input-output and to improve
design, usability and security. In white box testing, code is visible to testers so it is
also called Clear box testing, Open box testing, Transparent box testing, Code-based
testing and Glass box testing.

5.3.5 Black Box Testing

White Box Testing is software testing technique in which internal structure, design
and coding of software are tested to verify flow of input-output and to improve
design, usability and security. In white box testing, code is visible to testers so it is
also called Clear box testing, Open box testing, Transparent box testing, Code-based
testing and Glass box testing.

27
5.3.6 Test Result

5.4 Testing Strategy

We test our project weather project is running well or not. If there is any breakdown of
light. According to the light intensity bulb is going to glow or not. This project is really
help to people.

28
 Chapter 6

RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS

6.1 Efficiency of the Proposed System
Street Lights. They are a part of our everyday life, so much so, that we don’t even
notice or acknowledge them sometimes. The only two things most people know
about street lights is that during the night they light our sidewalks and roads and
during the day they are shut off and unused. We may not look at or notice
streetlights in our daily endeavors, however, as innovation speeds up, smart cities
rise, and the growing need for energy efficient solutions increases, new technologies
are enabling street lights to look at us and notice our movements and location. As we
will present in this blog, street lights will play an essential role in creating smarter
and more efficient cities.

6.2 Comparison of Existing and Proposed System

It consists of power-adjustable LED array, the brightness sensor, the motion sensor, the
communication device, such as ZigBee module, and the controller. It turns on for several
minutes under the conditions that a motion is detected in the defined area by the sensors
including its own sensor. Then, it sends the message to other units. It turns off or reduced
power under the condition that any motion is not detected in the defined area.

6.3 Advantages of the Proposed System

Smart street lights contribute to more livable cities by helping to improve safety and
reduce congestion. Reduced energy cost. Smart street lights more efficiently manage
electricity, leading to greater cost savings compared to simple LED luminaires.
Increased revenue opportunities.
29
 Chapter 7
CONCLUSION
The important aim of this paper is to save the current. It is mainly used to protect
the power efficiently. Using sensors to save the power energy without any waste. Safe
street lighting for peaceful vehicle movements. This SSLS suits for Small Street to
highway roads. This system can be used in public places also like hotels, industries ,etc.
It is control the overflow of current. Manpower not required in this system. This SSLS
are mainly used in urban areas and highways to reduce the power wastage to save the
current.

30
 References
[1] Li, Z.; Chen, C.; Wang, K. Cloud Computing for Agent-Based Urban Transportation
Systems. IEEE Intel. Syst. 2011, 26, 73–79.
[2] Mitton, N.; Papavassiliou, S.; Puliafito, A.; Trivedi, K.S. Combining Cloud and
sensors in a smart city environment. EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw. 2012, 2012,
doi:10.1186/1687-1499-2012-247.
[3] Lee, J.; Baik, S.; Lee, C. Building an Integrated Service Management Platform for
Ubiquitous Cities. Computer 2011, 44, 56–63.
[4] https://www. youtube.com
[5] https://www.tinkercad.com
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