Imagine you are a food scientist testing the sugar content of a particular brand of

breakfast cereal. The manufacturer claims that the cereal contains, on average, 8
grams of sugar per serving. You've collected measurements of the sugar content in 10
randomly selected servings and want to determine if the actual sugar content differs
from the manufacturer's claim.

Here are the 10 random sugar content measurements generated by the website:

8.1 7.9
8.2 8.0
8.4 7.8
8.1 7.7
8.3 8.5

Performing the One-Sample T-Test using Excel.

t-Test: One Sample

Data
Mean 8.1
Variance 0.066667
Observations 10
Pooled Variance 0.06
Hypothesized Mean 8
df 10
t Stat 0.527046
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.304827
t Critical one-tail 1.812461
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.609654
t Critical two-tail 2.228139

H0: µ ≤ 8

H1: µ ≥ 8
1. Calculate the sample mean: Sum all sugar content measurements and divide by
n.

= 81/10
= 8.1

2. Calculate the sample standard deviation: This measures how spread out the data
is.
S=0.25819889

3. Set the level of significance: Common values are 0.05 or 0.01, depending on
the desired confidence level.

P value = 0.304827

4. Calculate the t-statistic using the formula

t-stat = 0.527046

5. Find the degrees of freedom which is equal to the sample size minus.

df=10

6. Find the critical t-value(s) for your chosen alpha and degrees of freedom.

critical t-value(s) = 1.8124

 7. Compare the calculated t-statistic with the critical t-value(s) to determine if
the null hypothesis should be rejected or not.

Determine if the (absolute) t value is greater than the critical value of t.

t=0.527046, critical t-value(s) = 1.8124

t > critical t-value(s)
0.527046 > 1.1824

t-statistic is not greater than the critical t-value(s), you fail to reject the null
hypothesis, indicating no significant difference.