NAME: MUHAMMAD AHSAN

ROLL NO: 21105002-096

CLASS: DPT 5TH GREY
TOPIC: TYPES OF NAIL DEFORMMITITIES
SUBJECT: SUPERVISED CLINICAL PRACTICE
SUBMITTED TO: DR.NAYAB

Page | 1
TYPES OF NAIL DEFORMATIES:
Healthy nails appear smooth and have consistent coloring. As you age, you may develop vertical
ridges, or your nails may be a bit more brittle. This is harmless. Spots due to injury should grow out
with the nail.
Abnormalities — such as spots, discoloration, and nail separation — can result from injuries to the
fingers and hands, viral warts (periungual warts), infections (onychomycosis), and some medications,
such as those used for chemotherapy.

BEAU’S LINES
Depressions that run across your fingernail are called Beau’s
lines. These can be a sign of malnourishment. Other conditions
that cause Beau’s lines are:

 Diseases That Cause A High Fever Such

As Measles, Mumps, And Scarlet Fever
 Peripheral Vascular Disease
 Pneumonia
 Uncontrolled Diabetes
 Zinc Deficiency

CLUBBING
Clubbing is when your nails thicken and curve around
your fingertips, a process that generally takes years. This
can be the result of low oxygen in the blood and is
associated with:
 cardiovascular diseases
 inflammatory bowel disease
 liver diseases
 pulmonary diseases
 AIDS

KOILONYCHIA (SPOONING)
Koilonychia is when your fingernails have raised ridges
and scoop outward, like spoons. It’s also called
“spooning.” Sometimes the nail is curved enough to hold
a drop of liquid. Spooning can be a sign that you have:
 iron deficiency anemia
 heart disease
 hemochromatosis, a liver disorder that causes too
much iron to be absorbed from food
 lupus erythematosus, an autoimmune disorder
that causes inflammation
 hypothyroidism
 Raynaud’s disease, a condition that limits your blood circulation

Page | 2
LEUKONYCHIA (WHITE SPOTS)
Nonuniform white spots or lines on the nail are called
leukonychia. They’re usually the result of a minor trauma
and are harmless in healthy individuals. Sometimes
leukonychia is associated with poor health or nutritional
deficiencies. Factors can include infectious, metabolic, or
systemic diseases as well as certain drugs.

MEES’ LINES
Mees’ lines are transverse white lines. This can be a sign
of arsenic poisoning. If you have this symptom, your
doctor will take hair or tissue samples to check for arsenic
in your body.

ONYCHOLYSIS
When the nail plate separates from the nail bed, it causes
a white discoloration. This is called onycholysis. This can
be due to infection, trauma, or products used on the nails.
Other causes for onycholysis include:
 psoriasis
 thyroid disease
PITTING
Pitting refers to small depressions, or little pits, in the nail.
It’s common in people who have psoriasis, a skin
condition that causes the skin to be dry, red, and irritated.
Some systemic diseases can also cause pitting.

TERRY’S NAILS
When the tip of each nail has a dark band, it’s called
Terry’s nails. This is often due to aging, but it can also be
caused by:
 congestive heart failure
 diabetes
 liver disease

Page | 3
YELLOW NAIL SYNDROME
Yellow nail syndrome is when the nails get thicker and
don’t grow as fast as normal. Sometimes the nail lacks a
cuticle and may even pull away from the nail bed. This
can be the result of:
 internal malignancies
 lymphedema, swelling of the hands
 pleural effusions, fluid buildup between the lungs
and chest cavity
 respiratory illnesses such as chronic
bronchitis or sinusitis
 rheumatoid arthritis

Page | 4