1

HBr ( NH4Cl ( HCl ( KOH (

2
HCO3- ( HCOO- ( NH4+ ( CO32- (

3
H2O ( Cu2+ ( NF3 ( Cl- (

HSO3- NH3OH+ HSO3- 4

C2H5NH3+ ( CH3NH3+ ( HNO3 ( HCO2- (

[Fe(CN)6]-3 5
Fe3+ CN- Fe3-

Fe3+ CN-

A + B HCN + NO2- 6

B A B HCN

B: HSO3- A :HF A: SO32- B :HF

B: HNO3 A :H3O+ A: HNO2 B :CN-

 HCO3- 7
NH4+ HBr NO2- Hl

N2H4 + NH4+ NH3 + N2H5+ 8

N2H4 N2H5+ NH3 NH4+

0.3 pH 0.1 L HClO4 9

( log5=0.7 ) MrHClO4 = 100.5 g/mol

1.2 g 4.02 g 5.025 g 6.01g

log2.5=0.4) pH 250 ml KOH 0.1 mol 10

(log4=0.6)

[A-]=4×10-4 M HA
11
HB HA>HC>HB>HD HD>HA>HB>HC

HC>HB>HA>HD HC>HA>HD>HB
HC
B-
HD HB pOH 12

HA
HD 13
-13 -12
25×10 25×10
25×10-14 25×10-11
 A,B,C

HClO4 14
100 ml 0.1M HI A
1.8×10-2 mol 1.8×10-1 mol
NaOH B
B pH A 1.8×10-4 mol 1.8×10-3 mol

B HClO4 C

=6 1L X 1g 15
X
53 g/mol 100 g/mol 60 g/mol 40 g/mol

NaOH HCl 16
NaOH HCl

X H3O+ 1L X,Y 17
Y

pH Y pH X
X pOH Y pH X pOH
HA , HB , HC , HD

pOH HD

C- HA
pH B-
18
HA HB HD HC

19
C->A->B->D- A->B->C->D- D->A->C->B- B->A->C->D-

20
HD>HA>HC>HB HC>HA>HB>HD HD>HC>HA>HB HB>HC>HA>HD
10 500 ml NaOH 21
NaOH 0.2 M HBr 20 ml ml
(MrNaOH=40 g/mol)

1g 7g 0.6 g 8g

2L NaOH 22
log2=0.3, Mr NaOH = 40 g/mol g NaOH 5.3 pOH

1.6 0.16 0.06 1.06

0.1M HB HZ ,HB ) 23
0.04 M HZ

HZ HB [H3O+] HB HZ [H3O+]

HZ [OH-] HB [OH-] B- Z-

C B A 24

A pH C
A pOH B Kw
25
[H3O+] = [OH-] = 1×10-7 M

[H3O+] = [OH-] =
[H3O+] < [OH-] >

[OH-] > [H3O+] >

 26

7 [OH-] [H3O+]

27
NH3 CaF2 B(OH)3 BF3

HF,HCN,H2SO3

HF + CN- F- + HCN

H2SO3 + F- HSO3- + HF

H2SO3 + CN- HSO3-+ HCN

HF HCN

H2 H2SO3

28
H2SO3>HF>HCN H2SO3>HCN>HF
HF>H2SO3>HCN HF>HCN>H2SO3

29
- - - - - -
CN >F >HSO3 HSO3 >CN >F
HSO3->F->CN- F >CN->HSO3-
-

HF 30
- - -
HF/HSO3 F /HCO3
H2O/HSO3- F-/H2SO3
30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23