Medical Microbiology Spots - Fall 2023

MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
Practical - Fall 2023
Spot Microorganism Technique Description
Gram-
positive
cocci
Staphylococcus Gram
spp. staining
arranged in
grape-like
clusters
Streptococcus
pyogenes/ Gram-
positive
Streptococcus Gram cocci
agalactiae/ staining
arranged in
Streptococcus chains
viridans
Gram-
positive
cocci
Streptococcus Gram
pneumoniae staining
arranged in
pairs
[diplococci]
1
Appears as
Gram-positive
round to oval
cells
Gram
Candida spp.
staining [Note: yeast
cells are
usually bigger
than typical
bacteria]
Gram-negative
Gram
Neisseria spp. coffee bean or
staining
kidney-shaped
diplococci
Gram-positive
club-shaped
Corynebacterium Gram
bacilli
dipheriae staining
arranged in
chinese letters
2
Gram-
positive
rods,
Clostridium Gram
perfringens staining
subterminal
non-bulging
spores
Gram-
positive
rods,
Clostridium Gram terminal

tetani staining bulging
spores,
drumstick
appearance
Gram-
positive
Gram bacilli,
Bacillus spp.
staining
arranged in
chains
3
Enterbacteriaceae
family member,
example:
Escherichia coli Gram-
Gram
negative
OR staining
bacilli
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
Gram-
Gram
Helicobacter spp. negative
staining
curved rods
Acid-fast
staining Acid-fast
Mycobacterium
(Ziehl- bacilli which
spp.
Nelseen appear red
staining)
4
Hallow zone
Klebsiella Capsular
around the
pneumoniae staining
bacterial cell
Pseudohyphae
Germ tube
Candida spp. [Constriction at
test
the point of
origin]
Positive germ
tube test
Candida Germ tube
albicans test [No constriction
at the point of
origin]
5
Septate
hyphae, from
Adhesive which long
Aspergillus niger tape chains of
preparation rough-walled
conidia are
produced
6
Culture
Spot Microorganism Description
medium
Golden
Staphylococcus Nutrient
yellow
aureus agar
colonies
Lemon
Staphylococcus Nutrient
yellow
saprophyticus agar
colonies
Staphylococcus Nutrient White

epidermidis agar colonies
7
Culture
medium
Nutrient Swarming
Proteus spp.
agar motility
Salmonella Colorless
Salmonella spp. Shigella colonies with
(SS) agar black centers
8
Culture
medium
Pasty,
opaque,
slightly
Sabouraud
Candida domed,
dextrose
albicans smooth, and
agar
creamy or
white
colonies
Green or
blue-green
Sabouraud
colonies with
Penicillium spp. dextrose
velvety to
agar
powdery
surface
Sabouraud Jet black and

Aspergillus niger dextrose powdery
agar colonies
9
Culture
medium
Staphylococcus
aureus/
β-hemolysis
Streptococcus
Blood agar ”clear zone
pyogens/ around the
colonies”
Streptococcus
agalactiae
Streptococcus
ɑ-hemolysis
pneumoniae/
Blood agar
”greenish
Streptococcus
discoloration”
viridans
૪-hemolysis
Bacillus anthracis Blood agar
”no
hemolysis”
10
Culture
medium
Small,
uniformly
Helicobacter sized,
Blood agar
pylori translucent
circular
colonies
Thayer- Whitish
Neisseria spp.
martin agar colonies
Corynebacterium Tellurite Grey-black

diphtheriae blood agar colonies
11
Culture
medium
Staphylococcus Mannitol Yellow

aureus salt agar discoloration
Lactose
fermenter,
MacConkey
Escherichia coli
agar
rose pink
colonies
Lactose
fermenter,
Klebsiella MacConkey
pneumoniae agar rose pink,
mucoid
colonies
12
Culture
medium
Lactose
Eosin fermenter,
Klebsiella Methylene purple black,
pneumoniae blue (EMB)
agar mucoid
colonies
Lactose
fermenter,
Eosin
Methylene
Escherichia coli green-
blue (EMB)
agar metallic
sheen
colonies
Bright green
Pseudomonas Cetrimide
characteristic
aeruginosa agar
color
13
Spot Microorganism Test Result
Catalase-
positive
Staphyococcus Catalase
aureus test
[Characteristic
effervescence]
Bacitracin-
resistant
Bacitracin
Streptococcus [No zone of
senstivity
agalactiae inhibition
test
arounf the
disk is
seen]
Bacitracin-
senstive
Bacitracin
Streptococcus [Zone of
senstivity
pyogenes inhibition
test
around the
disk is
seen]
14
Starch Clear zone

Bacillus spp. hydrolysis around the
test colonies
Anti-alpha toxin No anti-alpha toxin
Nagler’s Opalescence
reaction that can be
Clostridium
inhibited by
perfringens
(Lecithenase anti-alpha
test) toxin
Toxigenic
strain
Corynebacterium
Elek’s test [Precipitin
diphtheriae
lines form at
zone of
equivalence]
15
Non-
Toxigenic
strain
Corynebacterium
Elek’s test
diphtheriae [No line of
precipitin at
the zone of
equivalence]
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa/ Oxidase-
positive
Neisseria spp./ Oxidase
test [Dark
Vibrio spp./ purple
color]
Helicobacter
pylori
16
Culture
medium
Thick
Broth
Bacillus spp. surface
culture
pellicle
Gelatin
liquifaction,
Gelatin
Bacillus spp. Inverted fir
stab culture
tree
appearance
Meat
become red
without
Clostridium spp. digestion,
Robertson’s
cooked
Saccharolytic meat media
group becomes
acidic
with a sour
smell
17
Culture
medium
Digest Meat
Clostridium spp. that become
Robertson’s
black in
cooked
Proteolytic meat color
group with foul
smell
Loeffler’s
Corynebacterium
serum
diphtheriae
medium
Lowenstein-
Mycobacterium
Jensen
tuberculosis medium
18
Plasma
-ve control Test

Coagulase-
positive
Staphylococcus Coagulase
aureus test
[Clot
formation]
Bile
Streptococcus
solubility Bile soluble
-ve control Test pneumoniae
test
Clostridium Litmus milk Stormy clot

perfringens test reaction
19
Escherichia
coli/ Triple Color: A/A
sugar iron H₂S: -ve
Klebsiella (TSI) agar Gas: +ve
pneumoniae
Triple Color: A/A

Proteus
sugar iron H₂S: +ve
vulgaris
(TSI) agar Gas: -ve
Triple Color: K/K

Pseudomonas
sugar iron H₂S: -ve
aeruginosa
(TSI) agar Gas: -ve
20
Triple Color: K/A

Salmonella
sugar iron H₂S: +ve
typhi
(TSI) agar Gas: -ve
Triple Color: K/A

Shigella spp. sugar iron H₂S: -ve
(TSI) agar Gas: -ve
Proteus vulgaris/
Proteus mirabilis/ Urease-

positive
Urease
Helicobacter test
pylori/ [Pink
color]
Mycobacterium
spp
21
Escherichia coli IMViC test ++--
Klebsiella
IMViC test
--++
pneumoniae
-ve
INU Inulin
control Streptococccus Ferment
fermentation
pneumoniae Inulin
test
22
-ve INU Inulin Not

control Streptococccus
fermentation ferment
viridans
test Inulin
-ve control
Sugar
Neisseria Ferment
fermentation
gonorrheae glucose
test
-ve control
Ferment
Sugar
Neisseria glucose
fermentation
meningiditis &
test
maltose
23
Positive test
[Appearance
of String
Vibrio spp. String test (thread like
mucoid)
when the
loop is pulled
upwards]
Negative test
[No
Aeromonas appearance
String test
spp. of String
when the
loop is pulled
upwards]
24
Spot Test Result Comment
Positive test The patient

Antistreptolysin O suffers from
(ASO) test [visible rheumatic
agglutination] fever
Negative test
The patient
[Uniform doesn’t suffer
Antistreptolysin O
milky from
(ASO) test
suspension rheumatic
with no fever
agglutination]
Given:
Field #1 = ASO negative control

Field #2 = ASO positive control
Field #3 = Test sample
25
Spot Test Result Comment
Titer:
+ve control Significant
> O Ag = infection
Widal test 320 with
Salmonella
-ve control
> H Ag PA paratyphi A
= 320
Given:
Row A = O antigen of S. typhi & S. paratyphi, (O Ag)
Row B = H antigen of S. typhi, (H Ag T)
Row C = H antigen of S. paratyphi A, (H Ag PA)
Row D = H antigen of S. paratyphi B, (H Ag PB)
Row E = H antigen of S. paratyphi C, (H Ag PC)
26

Medical Microbiology Spots - Fall 2023

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Medical Microbiology Spots - Fall 2023

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MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY

Practical - Fall 2023

Spot Microorganism Technique Description

Spot Microorganism Technique Description

Spot Microorganism Technique Description

Clostridium Gram terminal

Spot Microorganism Technique Description

Spot Microorganism Technique Description

Spot Microorganism Technique Description

Staphylococcus Nutrient White

Sabouraud Jet black and

Corynebacterium Tellurite Grey-black

Staphylococcus Mannitol Yellow

Spot Microorganism Test Result

Spot Microorganism Test Result

Starch Clear zone

Anti-alpha toxin No anti-alpha toxin

Spot Microorganism Test Result

Spot Microorganism Test Result

-ve control Test

Clostridium Litmus milk Stormy clot

Spot Microorganism Test Result

Triple Color: A/A

Triple Color: K/K

Spot Microorganism Test Result

Triple Color: K/A

Triple Color: K/A

Proteus mirabilis/ Urease-

Spot Microorganism Test Result

Escherichia coli IMViC test ++--

Spot Microorganism Test Result

-ve INU Inulin Not

Spot Microorganism Test Result

Spot Test Result Comment

Positive test The patient

Field #1 = ASO negative control

Spot Test Result Comment

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