test z-test single-t ind-1 chi-square

when to use: - 1 sample mean - no pop. SD - compare 2 sample means - nominal IV

- pop. parameters - compare 1 sample mean to - no pop. parameters - frequency data
- pop. SD another value

variables: pop parameters - 𝝁 = other value - M = sample mean - N = total # of responses

- 𝝁 = pop. mean - M = sample mean - k = # of columns, cells,
- 𝝈 = pop. SD - there is SD choices
- M = mean - fo = freq. obs.
- SD = standard dev. - fe = freq. exp.
(# of pp. by chance)

formula: 𝑀−µ 𝑀−µ 𝑀1−𝑀2 fe = (# row) + (# col) ÷

𝑧 = 𝑆𝐸𝑚
𝑡= 𝑒𝑠𝑡. 𝑆𝐸𝑚
𝑡= 𝑒𝑠𝑡. 𝑆𝐸𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓 total #
σ 𝑆𝐷 2
2
𝑆𝐸𝑚 = 𝑒𝑠𝑡. 𝑆𝐸𝑀 = 𝑆𝐷𝑎 2 𝑆𝐷𝑏 2
𝑥 =
(𝑓𝑜−𝑓𝑒)
𝑁 𝑁−1 𝑆𝐸𝑑 = ( ) +( ) 𝑓𝑒
𝑁𝑎−1 𝑁𝑏−1

df n/a 𝑑𝑓 = 𝑛 − 1 𝑑𝑓 = (𝑁𝑎 + 𝑁𝑏) − 2 𝑑𝑓 = 𝑘 − 1

effect size (𝑀−µ) 𝑡 𝑑 = 𝑡( 𝑁𝑎 + 𝑁𝑏/(𝑁𝑎 * 𝑁𝑏)

𝑑= σ
𝑑= 𝑥
2
𝑁 𝑑= 2
s: 0.2 𝑁+𝑥
m: 0.5
l: 0.8

conf. inter. C.I = M ± Zcrit. (SEm) C.I = M ± Tcrit. (Est. SEm) C.I = (Ma-Mb) ± Tcrit. (Est. SEdiff) n/a

steps 1. calc SEm 1. calc est. SEm 1. calc SEdiff 1. draw contingency table
2. calc z 2. calc t 2. calc t 2. calc fe for each cell
3. compare z and z critical 3. calc df 3. calc df 2
3. calc 𝑥 for each cell
0.05 or 95% +- 1.96 4. compare t and t critical 4. compare t and t critical and add everything
0.01 or 99% +- 2.58 5. calc effect size (d) (if t beats 5. calc effect size (if t beats critical) 4. calc df
4. calc effect size (if z beats critical) 2 2
critical) 5. compare 𝑥 and 𝑥
critical
6. calc effect size

keywords - population SD - random sample - is there a sig. diff. between ____ and - yes or no outcome
- parameter mean _____ - counts not scores
- compared on continuous outcome

concepts - difference between M and 𝝁 - difference between M and 𝝁 or - difference between 2 sample means - differences between
when you have 𝝈 between M and another value observed and expected
frequencies