CHAPTER-TWO

FORCE SYSTEMS
(2D-Force, Moment, Couple Resultant)
(3D-Force, Moment, Couple Resultant)

Solved Examples
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Example 2.1 Projection of force
Forces F1 and F2 act on the bracket as shown. Determine the projection Fb of their
resultant R onto the b-axis.

Solution. The parallelogram addition of F1 and F2 is shown in the figure. Using the law of cosines gives us

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Exercise

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Example 2.2 2D Force Systems (Rectangular Components)
a) Determine the X and Y scalar Components of each force?
b) Determine the resultant of all forces acting on the bolt?

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Cont....

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Solution

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Exercise
Four forces are exerted on the eyebolt as shown. If the net effect on the bolt is a
direct pull of 600 lb in the y-direction, determine the necessary values of T and 𝜃

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Example 2.3 Moment
A 2-D force and couple system is shown below. Find the equivalent resultant
force and couple moment acting at A.

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Example 2.4 Moment using Varignon’s theorem and Transmissibility rule
Calculate the magnitude of the moment about the base point O of the 600-N force in
five different ways

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Example 2.5 Couple
Two couples act on the beam with the geometry shown. The magnitude of F so
that the resultant couple moment is 1.5 kN.m clockwise.
Solution : To find the resultant couple.
The net moment is equal to:
 M = – F (0.9) + (2)*(0.3)
= – 0.9 F + 0.6 =
-1.5 kN.m = – 0.9 F + 0.6

Solving for the unknown force F,

we get F = 2.33 kN

M1 M2

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Example 2.6 : Varignon’s theorem and Transmissibility rule
The rectangular plate is made up of 30cm squares as shown. A 150N force is
applied at point A in the direction shown. Calculate the moment of the force
about point B by at least in three different methods. Ans: 124.68N.m CW

30cm

30cm

O
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Exercise-1 Equivalent force couple-system

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Exercise-2 Equivalent force couple-system and resultant location
a) Replace the force system acting on the frame by an equivalent force and
couple system at A
b) Specify where the resultant’s line of action intersects member AB Measured
from A?

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Example 2.7 2D Force Systems- Non-Concurrent-Resultant
(Equivalent force-couple of a system
Replace this force by an equivalent force–couple system at point O?

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Solution Mo =-50*5+-40*2 =-330N.m =330Nm Clock wise
𝑭𝒙 = 𝑹𝒙 = 𝟒𝟎 + 𝟖𝟎 ∗ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟗. 𝟐𝟖N

𝑭𝒚 = 𝑹𝒚 = 𝟓𝟎 + 𝟖𝟎 ∗ 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑𝟎 = 𝟗𝟎 𝑵

𝑹= 𝑹𝟐𝒙 + 𝑹𝟐𝒚 =141.57N

𝟗𝟎
𝜽 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟒𝟕
𝟏𝟎𝟗. 𝟐𝟖

The Intersection points through

Which the line of action of resultant
passes:
MR = Ry*Xint , Xint= 330/90=-3.667m

MR = Rx*Yint , Yint= 330/109.28=+3.019m

MR = R*d , d = 330/141.57=2.33m

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Exercise-1
Determine the resultant of the four forces and one couple which act on
the plate shown below. And, determine the x an y intercepts through
which the line of action of the resultant will pass?

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Exercise-2
The 500-kg uniform beam is subjected to the three external loads shown. The x-y plane is
vertical.
a) Compute the reactions at the fixed support point O?
b) Replace the two forces and couple by an equivalent couple M and resultant force R at O?
c) Determine the location through which the line of action of the resultant passes?

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Exercise-3
Determine the x- and y-axis intercepts of the line of action of the
resultant of the three loads applied to the gearset?
Ans: (x, y) = (1.637, 0) m and (0, -0.997) m

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 PART-II

(3D-Force, Moment, Couple,

Resultant)

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Example 2.8: 3D Force components

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Example 2.9: 3D Moment
The turnbuckle is tightened until the tension in cable AB is 2.4 kN.
a) Determine the vector expression of TAB ?
b)Determine the moment about point O of the cable force acting on point A and the
magnitude of this moment.

Solution:
 First determine coordinates of
necessary points, in this case point O,
A, and B.
 Write the force as a vector
 Determine position vector, rOA
 Determine moment about O, Use the
cross product as M=rXF

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Solution: We begin by writing the described force as a vector.
• Coordinate of point A(1.6,0,2) & of point
B(2.4,1.5,0)
 Vector AB=(0.8,1.5,-2) and
 Mag. Of AB, /AB/= 𝟎. 𝟖 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟖 + 𝟏. 𝟓 ∗ 𝟏. 𝟓 + −𝟐 ∗ −𝟐
/AB/= 𝟔. 𝟖𝟗 =2.625
 Unit vector of AB, nAB=AB/(/AB/)
 nAB=[0.8i + 1.5j-2k]/2.625
Vectorial representation of tension force, T
• Vector, T=/T/ * nAB
T=2.4*[0.3047 i + 0.571 j – 0.762 k] kN
Vector T= 0.731 i + 1.371 j – 1.829 k (kN),
• Moment arm, rOA=?
• Coordinate of O (0,0,0) &Coordinate of
A(1.6,0,2)
• Vector OA= rOA=(1.6,0,2)=1.6 i+0 j+ 2 k (m)
 Moment about O, MO=rOAXT

This vector has a magnitude, /Mo/ 28

Example 2.10: 3D Force-Couple
*Replace the two forces and single couple by an equivalent
force –couple system at A?
Z
80KN.m

1m 1m

1m

1m
y

A 
2m
x

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Exercise
Replace the two forces and single couple by an equivalent
force –couple system at A?

Ans: R=(-20i-37.9j+12.65k)KN
M=(45.3j+40.9K) KN.m
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Example 2.11 3D Force Systems- Concurrent-Resultant

Solution
Coordinates:
A(0,6,0)
B(-2,0,3)
C(3,0,2)

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Example 2.12: 3D-Resultant
A frame ABC is supported in part by cable DBE that passes through a frictionless ring
at B. Knowing that the tension in the cable BD and BE are 385 N. Determine the
magnitude and direction of the resultant of the forces exerted by the cable at B?

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Cont...

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Cont....

x = 120.10

y = 52.50

z = 1280

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Example 2.13
The right angle pipe OAB is supported by a cable of as shown below. Replace the
750N tensile force which the cable exerts on point B by a force-Couple system at
point o? Ans: R=(-598i+411j+189.5k) N
Mo=(-361i-718j+419k) N.m

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Example 2.14
The pulley and gear are subjected to the loads shown. For these forces, determine
the equivalent force– couple system at point O.

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Example 2.15
Determine the moment Mo of the 250lb force about
the axis O-O?

Ans: Mo-o=348.3i
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Example 2.16
Represent the resultant of the force system acting on the
pipe assembly by a single force R at A and a couple M?
Example 2.17
The rigid pole and cross assembly is shown below. Determine the vector expression
of the moment of the 1.2KN tension.
a) About Point O?
b) About the pole Z-axis? Find each moment in two different ways?

Ans: Mo=(-2.89i-0.962k) KN.m

Mz=(-0.962k) KN.m

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Exercise
Replace the two forces and one couple acting on the rigid pipe frame by
their equivalent resultant force R acting at point O and a couple MO

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Exercise
A machine component is subjected to the forces and couples shown. The
component is to be held in place by a single rivet that can resist a force but not a
couple. For P = 0, determine the location of the rivet hole if it is to be located (a)
on line FG, (b) on line GH

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