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Chapter Two
Static and dynamic characteristics
of instruments
STATIC AND DYNAMIC
CHARACTERISTICS OF
INSTRUMENTS:
The performance characteristics of an instrument
are mainly classified into two categories:
• Static characteristics (do not vary with time)
The set of criteria defined for the instruments,
which do not vary with time.
• Dynamic Characteristics (vary with time)
The set of criteria defined for the instruments,
which varies with respect to time.
The various static characteristics are
–Range and span - Sensitivity
–Accuracy and precision
–Linearity - Reproducibility
–Repeatability - Resolution
–Threshold - Stability
–Tolerance, etc.
The various dynamic characteristics are
–Speed of response
–Measuring lag
–Dynamic error
–Fidelity
Range and span
• The range of a transducer defines the limits
between which the input can vary. The span is
the maximum value of the input minus the
minimum value.
• example, a load cell for the measurement of
forces might have a range of 0 to 50 kN and a
span of 50 kN.
Static Characteristics
• Accuracy: degree of closeness of a measured value
to a standard or true value.