POLITENESS STRATEGY ANALYSIS IN “SPEAK ENGLISH WITH

VANESSA” YOUTUBE CHANNEL AS LEARNING ENGLISH MEDIA

SARJANA’S THESIS PROPOSAL

DINDA SAUSAN LESTARI

REG. NUMBER: 1810117220044

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF LAMBUNG MANGKURAT
BANJARMASIN
2023
POLITENESS STRATEGY ANALYSIS IN “SPEAK ENGLISH WITH
VANESSA” YOUTUBE CHANNEL AS LEARNING ENGLISH MEDIA

SARJANA’S THESIS PROPOSAL

Presented to Faculty of Teacher Training and Education as a Partial

Fulfilment of the Requirement for Completing the Sarjana Pendidikan
Program in English Language Education Study Program

DINDA SAUSAN LESTARI

REG. NUMBER: 18101172200

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF LAMBUNG MANGKURAT
BANJARMASIN
2023

i
 TABLE OF CONTENT

TABLE OF CONTENT .......................................................................................... ii

1.1 Background of the Study ......................................................................... 1

1.2 Research Question ................................................................................... 5

1.3 Objective of the Study ............................................................................. 5

1.4 Scope of the Study ................................................................................... 6

1.5 Significance of the Study ......................................................................... 7

1.5.1 Theoretical Significance ............................................................ 7

1.5.2 Practical Significance ................................................................ 7

1.6 Definition of Key Terms .......................................................................... 8

CHAPTER II ......................................................................................................... 10

2.1 Theoretical Review ................................................................................ 10

2.1.1 Politeness in Pragmatics .............................................................. 10

2.1.2 Types of Politeness Strategy ....................................................... 12

2.2 Previous Study ....................................................................................... 16

CHAPTER III ....................................................................................................... 19

3.1 Approach and Type of Research............................................................ 19

3.2 Object of the Research ........................................................................... 20

3.3 Instrumentation of The Research ........................................................... 21

3.4 Data and Sources of Data ...................................................................... 23

3.5 Data Collection Procedure ..................................................................... 23

3.6 Technique of Coding Data ..................................................................... 24

3.7 Data Analysis ......................................................................................... 25

3.8 Trustworthiness of The Study................................................................ 27

REFERENCES...................................................................................................... 28

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

The introduction to the study is presented in this chapter. It includes the

background of the study, the statement of problem, the objective of the study, the

scope of the study, the significance of the study, and the definition of key terms.

1.1 Background of the Study

Learning English is a substantial aspect in this global era nowadays. As

one of the most used international languages in the world, people are demanded

to be able to understand English at the minimum. In fact, many companies in

Indonesia, even the government's ones, schools, and universities are requiring

the ability of English for the applicants. As a result, English courses are growing

rapidly in Indonesia, starting from the formal basis in the classroom, private

courses, radio channels, television channels, until the online basis through

mobile applications, websites, or even social media following YouTube,

Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and Tiktok, in which by access one of them, the

users can conduct a self-directed-learning eventually.

YouTube is the second most popular and widely used social media

worldwide as of January 2023 according to Statista (statista.com). Moreover,

with its new feature that has similar characteristics to Tiktok, YouTube now

allows the users not only explore in-depth explanations in long duration videos,

but also interesting brief concepts about something, including learning English

material through YouTube Shorts. Jalaluddin (2016) in his study provided eight

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advantages of using YouTube as learning media of English in the classroom,

among others it can boost students’ motivation during the learning in the

classroom, it promotes a more autonomous learning style and students’ center, it

also provides exposure to authentic English use, and many others. According to

Almurashi (2016), YouTube can be a helpful tool for dealing with students'

difficulties and obstacles to English comprehension. It is said to be more

effective and beneficial in encouraging better English learning than textbook-

based English courses. In addition, Damayanti and Ma'rufah (2022) explored

students' attitudes towards the use of YouTube as learning media of English

Speaking. As stated in her study, the majority of students agreed that using

YouTube is an effective way in which helping them in learning English at any

moment.

One of the YouTube channels that can be the medium of learning

English is “Speak English with Vanessa''. Behind it is the content creator as well

as the English language tutor and also the owner of the YouTube channel,

namely Vanessa. Has been established for eight years, the channel has reached

5.44 million subscribers from all over the world. “Speak English with Vanessa''

is a learning English YouTube channel that focuses on speaking and listening

skills for various levels, ages, and purposes. Vanessa in fact has a website with

similar concept to her YouTube channel, namely speakenglishwithvanessa.com.

There, Vanessa extended her teaching program which allowed the registered

learner to communicate online with her and other people that join the program.

Through her content in YouTube and website, Vanessa encouraged English

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learners to speak confidently without stress so as to sound natural when they are

speaking.

The English speaking skills learning material presented in Vanessa's

YouTube videos cannot be separated from the implied depiction of linguistic

norms and culture of American English native speakers, for examples, in the

videos which presented interview between Vanessa and her guests about life

experiences, or the videos which showed real English conversations between

Vanessa and her children or her husband. By watching the videos,

unconsciously the learners do not only study the phrases produced, but also how

Vanessa and her family used the language based on certain contexts in real life.

Vanessa’s vision in creating the contents in “Speak English with

Vanessa” YouTube channel namely helping the learners speak English fluently

without stress, is in line with the main goal of learning a language, that is to be

capable using the language in communicating. (Griffin, 2011) defines

communication as a relational process of creating and analyzing a message that

evokes a response. Communication is a means of realizing humans’ need of

being “social animals”. Communication can either be spoken or written. Yet,

predominantly people use the oral language in daily communication. When it

comes to communication, in which the interaction between speakers and hearers

is found, the learners’ knowledge about the target language should not be

limited to vocabulary, intonation, and grammar mastery only. Wider than that,

communication skill requires the understanding of socio-cultural context in

order to establish an interaction which is considered to be correct and accepted

in the particular society.

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The socio-cultural context in communicating using a language involves

some theories under the study of Pragmatics and Sociolinguistics, one of them is

politeness theory. Politeness is any kind of behavior concerning other people’s

feelings. Politeness is a word that has been heard by every human since

childhood. Since politeness or known as etiquette is considered not a gift of

birth, yet a social process and acculturation (Watts, 2003), its manifestation has

been taught by parents even before their children acquire it from schools. In

Indonesia for example, younger people are told to bow whenever they pass older

people. Besides, Indonesians are habitual to smile or greet people they meet,

oftentimes they also ask where other people are going to in order to be regarded

as socially correct.

However, the idea of being polite is usually centered on how a person

speaks or behaves nicely to others. Whereas according to (Mu’in, 2019: 168),

understanding the concept of politeness entails a knowledge of the complex

social and cultural values of the community, beyond language comprehension.

Each culture has its own characteristic norms, beliefs, and habits, after which

reflected what they considered correct, polite, or impolite (Watts, 2003: 1).

Taking the previous example of how Indonesians regularly greet others, asking

the intention of where they are going to might be regarded rude to some people

who define it as meddling in others' business. Conversely, some other people

might characterize it as friendly and considerate to others. With its complexity,

politeness is studied under the Pragmatics and Sociolinguistics field and finally

categorized into four types of strategy according to (Brown & Levinson, 1987),

namely bald on record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off record.
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This theory involved the concept of positive face and negative face by Goffman

(1967).

From the descriptions above, this study aims to explore a deeper

understanding of the politeness strategies application used by Vanessa in “Speak

English with Vanessa” YouTube channel as English Learning Media. Using a

content analysis method, the objectives of this research are to describe the use of

politeness strategies by Vanessa in her videos and identify the most dominant

used strategies contained in Vanessa YouTube channel.

1.2 Research Question

The researcher divides the research questions for this research as

follows in light of the background of the study mentioned above:

1. How does Vanessa implement politeness strategies in her

advanced English conversation videos as learning English media?

2. What are the most dominant politeness strategies used by Vanessa

in her advanced English conversation videos as learning English

media?

1.3 Objective of the Study

Regarding the research questions above, this study has objectives:

1. To describe how Vanessa implements politeness strategies in her

advanced English conversation YouTube videos as learning

English media.
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2. To identify the most dominant politeness strategies used by

Vanessa in her Advanced English Conversation YouTube videos

as learning English media.

1.4 Scope of the Study

The scope of study defines the extent to which the research area

will be explored and defines the parameters that will be used in the study.

They are as follows:

1. This study focuses on analyzing politeness strategies contained in

the videos of Speak English with Vanessa YouTube Channel.

2. The data was taken from three most watched videos with the title

“Advanced English Conversation: Vocabulary, Phrasal Verb,

Pronunciation in “Speak English with Vanessa” YouTube

channel, specifically the part when Vanessa is having conversation

with her guest only (real natural conversation).

3. The subject of the research focuses on Vanessa’s utterances

instead of her behavior during conversation with the guest in her

YouTube channel.

4. In analyzing the data, the researcher uses Brown and Levinson

theory of politeness strategy (1987).

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1.5 Significance of the Study

The findings of this study are expected to contribute both

theoretical and practical significance as follows.

1.5.1 Theoretical Significance

Theoretically, the findings of this study are expected to

enrich knowledge about pragmatics study, especially about

politeness strategy in YouTube videos.

1.5.2 Practical Significance

Practically, the result of the study may be useful for following

parties:

a. English Teachers and Lecturers

English teachers and lecturers are expected to comprehend the

pattern of Politeness strategies in the YouTube videos,

specifically in “Speak English with Vanessa” YouTube channel

as Learning English media, therefore, they can teach about how

important politeness strategies to be applied in students’ daily

conversation through showing the examples of politeness

strategies application in actual conversation. In addition, it is

intended that English teachers and lecturers can maximize the

use of politeness strategies in the classroom interaction.

b. The Reader
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This study is expected to be beneficial for the readers in general

to enhance their understanding about The Advanced English

Conversation in Speak English with Vanessa YouTube channel.

Besides, the findings of this study will increase the readers’

knowledge about politeness strategies.

c. Future Researchers

This study is expected to be beneficial for other researchers in

the future who want to conduct related studies on politeness

strategies.

1.6 Definition of Key Terms

To avoid misunderstanding the main terminologies used in this study, some

definitions are put forward.

1. Politeness Strategy

Politeness Strategy is a strategy that is used to avoid or minimize

disfiguration of self-image from the Face Threatening Act by a speaker

(Brown and Levinson, 1987: 68).

2. Advanced English

Advanced English is a stage or level of English proficiency by The

Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR).

CEFR is an international guideline to measure language ability, using a

scale from A1 (beginners) to C2 (language masters). Someone is

considered an advanced student when he has reached C1 level, with

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extensive knowledge of conversational English and technical

vocabulary and rate of speech 140 words per minute or less.

3. YouTube Videos

YouTube videos are videos that have been uploaded by the content

creators into their YouTube channels. They can be accessed by

searching them through YouTube search engine.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

In this chapter, the researcher elaborates some theories and previous

studies which related to this research.

2.1 Theoretical Review

2.1.1 Politeness in Pragmatics

Pragmatics is a study that plays a significant role in sentence

interpretation. Yule (2010) in his book, elaborated four definitions of

pragmatics that becomes the characterization of pragmatics study,

among others are: (1) pragmatics focus on interpretation of speaker

meaning; (2) pragmatics deals with contextual meaning; (3)

pragmatics explores how the intended meaning can be communicated

without said it; and (4) pragmatics studies the expression that relies on

relative distance.

Context is the most emphasized aspect in pragmatics study.

(Mariani & Mu’in, 2007) stated that Politeness encompasses the

speaker's and addressee's background attitudes and beliefs, their

comprehension of the context in which a statement is uttered, and their

grasp of how language is used to express information. Pragmatics

meaning can be said as implied meaning of speaker’s speech in a

particular context that results in some kind of action.

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Politeness is an important concept in pragmatics since it is a

universal phenomenon in the use of language in social situations.

Politeness theory is most relevant to the concept of face proposed by

Goffman (1967) (Yule, 2014). According to Brown & Levinson

(1987) face is public self-image “that is emotionally invested, that can

be lost, maintained, or enhanced, and must be constantly attended to in

interaction”. The concept of face that refers to wants is divided into

two categories, positive face and negative face. Positive face is wants

of each member that wants is desirable to other people. Negative face

is wants of each member to be not impeded by others around him.

When people are interacting, the speaker is harming or threatening

other’s negative face or positive face by his speech, which then called

as Face Threatening Acts (FTA). Requests, orders, reminders, advise,

suggestions, and warnings are actions that the threat-negative face.

Meanwhile, an expression of disapproval, criticism, contradiction,

disagreement, as well as conveying negative news to the hearer, are

activities that could threaten a positive face. Here is the role of

politeness or in human interaction process, that is to minimize the

threat of other’s face (Brown &Levinson, 1987: 68). Any speech that

possible to minimize the threat to another’s face is called face-saving

acts (Yule, 2010: 135).

Politeness according to (Yule, 2010) is taking into account the

face of another person. Based on Leech (1983), concept of politeness

is asymmetrical, in which what is considered to be polite by the hearer

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or some third party, will be considered as impolite to the speaker, and

vice versa. According to Lakoff (2005) in Al-Dulaemi et al. (2016)

politeness is a system of interpersonal relations designed to facilitate

interaction by minimizing the potential for conflict and confrontation

inherent in all human interchange.

2.1.2 Types of Politeness Strategy

There are some theories concerned in politeness strategy or

politeness principle from linguists, such as Leech (1983), Brown &

Levinson (1987), Lakoff (1973), and the like. However, this study

focuses on the theory of politeness by Brown and Levinson one,

which is derived from concept of face by Goffman (1967). According

to (Brown and Levinson, 1987), politeness strategies are categorized

into four types, namely bald on record, positive politeness, negative

politeness, and off record.

2.1.2.1 Bald on record Strategy

Politeness strategy on record without redressive action or

baldly means the speaker produce a speech to the hearer in the

most direct and concise way possible. Although it is the most

effective approach to avoid misunderstandings, it also carries

the greatest risk of endangering the hearer's face. There are

five sub-strategies of bald on record strategy, they are showing

disagreement (criticism). giving suggestions/advice,

requesting, warning/ threatening, and using imperative form.

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2.1.2.2 Positive Politeness

Positive politeness is oriented toward the positive face or

positive self-image that he claims or himself of the hearer.

Positive politeness demonstrates that the speaker understands

the hearer wants to be respected. Additionally, it indicates to

the friendship between the parties and conveys the idea of

group reciprocity. This kind of strategy is typically used by

groups of friends or in social situations where the participants

are quite familiar with one another. The manifestation of this

strategy is grouped into fifteen sub-strategies, namely:

1. Notice, attend to hearer (his interest, wants, needs,

goods)

2. Exaggerate (interest, approval, sympathy, with

hearer)

3. Intensify interest to Hearer

4. Use in-group Identity Markers

5. Seek Agreement

6. Avoid Disagreement

7. Presuppose/raise/assert common ground

8. Joke

9. Assert or presuppose Speaker’s knowledge of and

concern for Hearer’s Wants

10. Offer, promise

11. Be optimistic
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12. Include Both Speaker and Heare in the Activity

13. Give (or ask for) reasons

14. Assume or displays similar actions

15. Give gifts to H (goods, sympathy, understanding,

cooperation)

2.1.2.3. Negative Politeness

Negative politeness is oriented mainly toward partially

satisfying hearer’s face, his basic wants to maintain claims or

territory, and self-determination. Negative politeness, thus, is

essentially avoidance-based, and the realization of negative

politeness strategies consist in assurances that the speaker

recognizes and respects the hearer’s negative face wants and

will not (or will only minimally) interfere with addressee’s

freedom of action. There are ten sub-strategies of negative

politeness strategy as follows:

1. Be conventionally indirect

2. Hedge

3. Be pessimistic

4. Minimize the degree of imposition

5. Give deference

6. Apologize

7. Impersonalize speaker and hearer

8. State the FTA as a general rule

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9. Nominalize

10. Go on record as incurring a debt, or as not indebting

hearer

2.1.2.4 Off Record

Off record strategy includes metaphor and irony,

rhetorical questions, understatement, tautologies, and all kinds

of hints as to what the speaker wants or means to communicate

without doing so directly (being polite). This strategy gives

result on the meaning that is to some degree negotiable. There

are fifteen sub-strategies of off record as follows:

1. Give hints

2. Give association clues

3. Presuppose

4. Understate

5. Overstate

6. Use tautologies

7. Use contradictions

8. Be ironic

9. Use metaphor

10. Use rhetorical questions

11. Be ambiguous

12. Be vague

13. Over generalize

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14. Displace hearer

15. Be incomplete, use ellipsis.

2.2 Previous Study

There have been multiple earlier studies conducted on a similar issue to this

research. Among others, studies about linguistic aspects analysis on YouTube

videos which have been conducted by Sitorus & Elfrida (2022) and (Suardhana,

2022). Sitorus & Elfrida identified the types of illocutionary acts and determined

the most frequent types of illocutionary acts produced by Sandiaga Uno in four

videos of his YouTube channel, namely Ruang Sandi YouTube channel. In

research findings, the writer revealed five types of illocutionary acts used by

Sandiaga, that are Assertives, Directives, Commisives, Expressives, and

Declaratives. After putting the data into percentage, the writer found the most

frequently used illocutionary act is Assertives 33.8%.

One of the other studies about linguistics aspect in YouTube video is

conducted by Suardhana (2022). It aims to analyze the types and the functions of

Code-switching applied by Deddy Corbuzier YouTube podcast. The data were

taken from Deddy Corbuzier YouTube channel, to be specific in the podcast with

Azka Corbuzier which uses the mixed language between English and Indonesia.

Through documentation and library research, the findings showed that Deddy

Corbuzier and Azka Corbuzier applied three types of code-switching, they are tag

switching, inter-sentential switching, and intra-sentential switching. Deddy

Corbuzier took all the seven reasons for code-switching in his podcast with Azka

Corbuzier, yet the most dominant one is to use repetition used for clarification
 17

while talking. Although the first and the second earlier studies are similar to this

study in investigating linguistics aspects from YouTube videos, each study as well

as this research is investigating a different object. The first study investigates

illocutionary acts, the second study finds out about code-switching, while this

research aims to identify politeness strategies.

On the other hand, some related previous studies focused on the politeness

strategies analysis as the object of the study likewise this research, yet each study

takes the data from different data sources. Among others, Alfaroby & Suhartono

(2023) investigated politeness strategies contained in radio podcasts. The data

were analyzed from the Meaningful Talk Podcast, 98.7Mhz on Suara Trenggalek

or SAGA FM. This study’s objectives are to show the politeness strategies

employed by the announcer while being an intermediary between panelists and

interviewees and to measure its applicability to junior high school Indonesia

language instruction. Using a matching method in analyzing the data, the writer

found the use of linguistic politeness techniques, including positive politeness,

negative politeness, and performing speech actions candidly (on record) and

politely (off record). Furthermore, one more approach was discovered in addition

to the four linguistic politeness methods which combine two politeness strategies

in a single sentence. The relevance of language politeness strategies on the

Meaningful Talk Podcast can be a reference for good communication patterns

between teachers and students.

A study of politeness strategies in Indonesian English textbook grade X was

conducted by Astuti (2022). This study investigated the types of Politeness

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Strategies represented in the dialogues of the textbook. Using content analysis in

analyzing the dialogues, the writer discovered three politeness strategies

represented in ”Bahasa Inggris” textbook for grade X published by Indonesian

Ministry of Education and Culture, they are bald on record, positive politeness,

and negative politeness. Using the theory of Brown and Levinson (1987), the

writer also found that politeness strategy is the most used strategy in the textbook.

Heriyawati et al. (2019) conducted another study of politeness strategies that

focuses on non-native lecturer’s utterances in criticizing teaching performance of

students with multicultural backgrounds in a EFL micro teaching class. By

implementing observation and video recording, the writers found the result that

the highest proportion of politeness strategies applied by the lecturer is positive

politeness. In addition, there are four most frequent criticism strategies used by

the lecturer, namely demand for change, indicating standard, advice about change

and other hints.

 CHAPTER III

METHOD OF RESEARCH

This chapter involves several aspects of methodology including approach and

type of research, the subject of the research, instrumentation of the research, data

and source of data, data collection procedure, data analysis, and the

trustworthiness of the study.

3.1 Approach and Type of Research

This research concerns language use in social contexts, which refers to the

occurrence of a pragmatic aspect, that is politeness strategy. Qualitative research

is applied in this study based on its characteristic which describes and interprets

the language phenomenon that occurred in natural conversations of “Speak

English with Vanessa” YouTube videos. According to Maxwell (2005) in Ary et

al. (2010), qualitative researches are covered: “understanding meaning for the

participants, understanding a particular context, identifying unanticipated

phenomena and influences through which new theories may be generated,

understanding process, and developing causal explanations”.

Related to the approach, the method of this research is using content

analysis, which is defined as a research method that uses written or visual

resources to discover specific aspects of the material (Ary et al., 2010: 457). In

this study, the researcher uses audio-visual resources in the form of YouTube

videos to analyze politeness strategies as a language phenomenon.

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3.2 Object of the Research

The object of this research is politeness strategies that were produced by

Vanessa in the three most watched videos of Advanced English Conversation

category in “Speak English with Vanessa” YouTube channel. The first video

published on 31st September 2021, meanwhile the second video published on

26th June 2020, and the last video published on 5th April 2019. Moreover the

researcher will only focus on the part of conversation of each video, where

Vanessa and her guests were having a natural conversation, instead of the other

parts where Vanessa was giving explanation about English vocabularies,

grammar, or pronunciation.

The subject of the research is Vanessa, as the content creator or tutor of

“Speak English with Vanessa” YouTube Channel. The selection of Vanessa as

the subject of the research is regarding her background as international English

speaking tutor for over ten years. She has the goal of helping English learners to

speak confidently, naturally, and without stress. All of her content in her

YouTube channel is free to access. Vanessa’s YouTube channel uploads

regularly on Friday every week, and almost all of the videos are embedded with

links of free PDF worksheets. Her videos are watched by many people around the

world as media of learning English, specifically in Speaking and Listening skills.

Moreover, she also assembles an online course through a website with the same

name to her YouTube channel, which is “speakenglishwithvanessa.com”. Until

now, the online course has reached 19.792 students all over the world, with 236

video course lessons provided there. For those reasons, the researcher considers

that Vanessa is a professional English speaking tutor with reliable capability of

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English communication. Therefore, the researcher took Vanessa’s utterances

from three most watched videos of Advanced English Conversation category in

“Speak English with Vanessa” YouTube channel.

3.3 Instrumentation of The Research

The instrument of this research is the researcher herself. Based on the

concept established by Lincoln & Guba (1985) in Ary et al. (2010: 424), human’s

flexibility to catch other humans’ complex experiences, as well as their

adaptability and responsiveness to the environment, is needed when it comes to

being the instrument of qualitative research. Merriam (2009: 15) argues that one

of the characteristics of qualitative research is the presence of the researcher as the

primary instrument. Thus, in this study, the researcher takes a role in setting the

focus of this study, choosing the data source, collecting the data, analyzing the

data, and formulating the conclusion.

Moreover, the researcher utilizes observation sheets to assist the researcher

in gathering and analyzing the data. The observation sheets are provided in the

form of tabular to record the politeness strategies applied by the subject of the

research. The observation sheet is presented as in Table 3.1 as follows.

 TABLE 3.1

Observation Sheet

Video Type of Kind of Action in the Utterance Code

Politeness Strategy

Strategy

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3.4 Data and Sources of Data

The primary data of this research are taken from the transcriptions of

Vanessa’s utterances in the three most watched videos which are categorized as

Advanced English Conversation videos. The three videos have a same title:

“Advanced English Conversation: Vocabulary, Phrasal Verb, Pronunciation”.

Therefore, the data source of this research is Vanessa’s YouTube channel namely

“Speak English with Vanessa”. The first video published on 31st September 2021,

meanwhile the second video published on 26th June 2020, and the last video

published on 5th April 2019. The three videos are long duration videos as each

video contains four parts; Conversation, Vocabulary, Grammar, and

Pronunciation. However, the researcher only takes the data from Vanessa’s

utterances in the part when Vanessa was having conversation with her guests.

In addition, secondary data is also employed to support the description of the

findings to reach the credible conclusion at the end. Secondary data is information

that has already been collected and examined by other parties. In this research, the

secondary data are obtained from books and articles, which mainly are accessed

online.

3.5 Data Collection Procedure

The data collection technique is the method used by the researcher to collect

data for the study. In collecting the data of this research, the researcher applied an

observation method, which is a basic method in obtaining the data in qualitative

research Ary et al. (2010, p. 450). The procedure in collecting the data as follows:
 24

1. Watching “Speak English with Vanessa” YouTube channel to choose the

suitable sample of videos. In this step, the researcher decided to pick the

videos which contain real natural English conversation between Vanessa

and the guests.

2. Reading the transcript of the conversation contained in the three selected

videos. The transcripts are gained from the subtitles that are available in

each selected YouTube video.

3. Analyzing and classifying the politeness strategies found in Vanessa’s

utterances based on Brown and Levinson’s theory (1987), namely Bald on

record Strategy, Positive Politeness Strategy, Negative Politeness Strategy,

and Off record Strategy.

4. Coding the data to make it easier for the researcher in obtaining the

findings and finally drawing the conclusion.

3.6 Technique of Coding Data

Some codes are provided in this research to make it easier in analyzing the

whole data. The coding is presented in Table 3.2.

 TABLE 3.2

Data Codes and the Meaning

Code Meaning

A First video (published 31st September 2021)

B Second video (published 26th June 2020)

C Third video (published 5th April 2019)

BS Bald on record strategy

PS Positive politeness strategy

NS Negative politeness strategy

OS Off record strategy

1,2,3,4, etc The kind of action contained in the strategy

3.7 Data Analysis

After completing the data gathering procedures, the data are prepared for

analysis. The researcher employs three steps in analyzing the descriptive research

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based on a theory of Miles and Huberman's (1994), namely: data reduction, data

display, and conclusion drawing and verification.

1. Data reduction

Data reduction is a type of analysis that sharpens, concentrates,

discards, and organizes data in order to draw and verify final findings. The

first step is analyzing the politeness strategies that may occur in Vanessa’s

utterances only. Secondly, the researcher classified each strategy based on

the theory of Brown and Levinson (1987), whether it categorizes as bald

on record, positive politeness, negative politeness, or off record strategy.

After that, the researcher gives code to each data based on its classification

to make it easier for the researcher in obtaining the conclusion, in

accordance with the objective of this study.

2. Data display

A data display is a well-organized, well-ordered collection of data

that allows for conclusions to be drawn. In this section, the writer presents

the result of classification using tables. In addition, a graphic is also used

to show the most dominant politeness strategies implemented by Vanessa

in her YouTube channel.

3. Conclusion drawing and verification

Based on the data displayed, the researcher then describes and

discusses the data in depth. Finally, a conclusion is formulated

 27

proportionally in accordance with the objective of this study in order to

reach a conclusion that is credible.

3.8 Trustworthiness of The Study

In qualitative research, the standard to determine the level of accuracy or

veracity in the research findings is referred to as trustworthiness. Trustworthiness

checks are performed in order to provide scientifically dependable and trustworthy

data with a high level of credibility. In this study, the researcher used triangulation

to ensure the trustworthiness of the data had found. Triangulation is a multi-

method approach that researchers use while collecting and analyzing data (Hadi,

2017). In other words, triangulation allows the researcher to double-check the

research results by comparing them to different sources, methodologies, or

theories.

To ensure the validity and reliability of the research, the researcher applies

data triangulation or Patton (2002: 556) called it triangulation of sources which

means the researcher will check out the consistency of different data sources

through the same methods. The researcher will take three different videos in

Vanessa’s Advanced English Conversation to obtain the pattern of politeness

strategies applied by Vanessa in her Advanced English Conversation videos. The

first video had been published in 31st September 2021, the second video had been

published in 26th June 2020, and the last video had been published in 5th April

2019.
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