OpenOffice.
org Base
Database Management System
(DBMS)
Data: Data refers to the collection of facts and
figures.
When processing is performed on the data, it get
transformed into information or database.
Now a software that is used to create and manage
these databases is called DBMS.
Database
● A database is an organized collection of inter-
related data.
● We can visulize it as a container of information.
● Database often thought of a repository of
information needed for running certain functions
in an organization.
● A database would permit not only retrieval of
data but also modification of data for controlling
the operations.
DBMS
● Database Management System is software package with computer
programs that controls the Creation, Maintenance and use of a database.
● A database in DBMS is an integrated collection of data records, files and
other objects. A DBMS allows different users/application programs to
concurrently access the same database.
● Examples of DBMS: Oracle, IBM DB2, MS SQL, MS Access, MySQL,
FoxPro etc.
Types of Database Management System:
● Flat Files Database Management System
● Data is stored in a signle table. Usually suitable for less amount of
information. No reletionship between table of data.
● Hierarchical Database Management System
● Based on One-many relationship. It can be described as Parent-child
relationship. A parent can have many children but child can have one
parent table.
● Network Database Management System
● Network DBMS allows multiple parent and child relationship and thus
maintains Many-to-Many relationship.
● Relational Database Management System
● Data is stored in Multiple tables and the tables are linked using a
common field. Relation is useful for medium and large amount of
data.
● Object-Oriented Database Management System
● In this information is presented in the form of objects, much like in
object oriented programming languages
Database Server
● Database Servers are dedicated computers that
hold the actual databases and run only DBMS
and related software.
● Database servers are also refered as Back-
ends.
Advantages of Database Management
System
● Reduces Data Redundancy (No duplication)
● Data security (various level authorization to access the shared data)
● Privacy (Data is shared as per authorization levels)
● Data consistency (data integrity/correctness & auto updation for
all)
● Backup and Recovery (backup and recovery is automatically
taken care by DBMS itself, no need of mannual backups etc.)
● Data Searching
● Data Access etc.
Key Features of Database Management System
● It creates and stores data in the form of tables and tables
are always easy to work with.
● It can handle a large number of records stored in a table.
● It is best used for a long-term data storage and/or data
sharing
● It allows multiple users to use the database,
simultaneously.
● It is easier to use and understand.
Database Terminology
Tuples/entities
● Null Value: a value in a field that appears to be blank, which means a field
with a null value is a field with no value.
● Schema: The overall design of a database is called schema.
● Instance: The which is stored in the database at a particular moment of time
is called an intance of the database.
● Degree: The total number of attributes that comrises a relation is known as
the degree of the table.
Keys in DBMS
● Keys in DBMS is an attribute or set of attributes
which helps us to identify a record(tuple) in a
relation(table) and allow us to find or establish a
relation between the tables.
● Types of keys in DBMS:
– Primary Key
– Candidate Key
– Super Key/Composite key
– Alternate Key
– Foreign Key
Primary Key
● A Primary key is a set one or more attributes
that uniquely identify tuples within a relation.
● A primary is a quique value that indentifies a
row in a table.
● A TBALE CAN HAVE ONLY ONE PRIMARY
KEY.
● If a primary key contraint is applied on one or
more columns then it is known as Composite
Primary Key (in case we are taking combining two columns)
Key Terminology
Candidate Key
● A candidate key is an attribute or set of
attributes that can uniquely identifies a tuple.
● A candidate key is considered as strong as
primary key.
Super/Composite Key
● A super key is a group of multiple keys which
identifies a row in a table.
● A super key can contain many additional
attributes that are not needed for unique
identification.
Alternate Key
● A table may have multiple choices for a primary
key but only one can be set as primary key. All
the remaining keys which are not primary key
are called alternate key.
Foreign Key
● A foreign key is used to represent the
relationship between two tables.
● A non-key attribute, whose values are derived
from the primary key of some other table is
known as foreign key.
● In simple word primary key of table 1 is foreign
key from table 2.
Datatypes
● Datatypes are used to identify which type of data (value) we are
going to store in the field of a table in the database.
– Fileds themselves can be of different types of depending on
the data they contian.
– Data types in Openoffice base are boradly classified into five
categories listed below:
● Numeric data types
● Alpthanumeric data types
● Binary data types
● Date time data types
● Other Variable data types
