AIR UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

EXPERIMENT NO 10
Lab Title: COMMON COLLECTOR AMPLIFIER
Student Name: MuhammadHamza Reg. No: 220666

Objective : To study and analyze the common collector amplifier configuration by

finding the voltage gain, current gain, input impedance, and output impedance. To
simulate the circuit on Proteus and to implement the common collector amplifier
circuit on Hardware

LAB ASSESSMENT:
Excellent Good Average Satisfactory Unsatisfactory
Attributes (5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
Ability to Conduct
Experiment
Ability to assimilate the
results
Effective use of lab
equipment and follows
the lab safety rules

Total Marks: Obtained Marks:

LAB REPORT ASSESSMENT:

Excellent Good Average Satisfactory Unsatisfactory
Attributes
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)

Data presentation

Experimental results

Conclusion

Total Marks: Obtained Marks:

LABORATORY
EXPERIMENT NO. 10
 COMMON COLLECTOR AMPLIFIER

DISCUSSION
There are three basic configurations for implementing single stage BJT amplifiers.
• Common Emitter
• Common Collector
• Common Base
In each case, one terminal is common to both input and output signal.

Common Collector Configuration:

In electronics, a common-collector (also known as an emitter follower or voltage follower) amplifier is
one of three basic single-stage bipolar junction transistor (BJT) amplifier topologies. It is typically used as
a voltage buffer.

Common Collector Configuration

In this circuit, the base terminal of the transistor serves as the input, the emitter as the output, and the
collector is common to both (for example, it may be tied to ground reference or a power supply rail),
hence its name. The properties are high input impedance, a very low output impedance, a unity (or less)
voltage gain and a high current gain.
The aim of any small signal amplifier is to amplify the entire input signal with the minimum distortion
possible to the output. In other words the output signal must be an exact reproduction of input signal but
only bigger (amplified).
To clear the concepts of common collector, read this example.

It is called the common-collector configuration because (ignoring the power supply battery) both the
signal source and the load share the collector lead as a common connection point.
It should be apparent that the load resistor in the common-collector amplifier circuit receives both the
base and collector currents, being placed in series with the emitter. Since the emitter lead of a transistor is
the one handling the most current (the sum of base and collector currents, since base and collector
currents always mesh together to form the emitter current), it would be reasonable to presume that this
amplifier will have a very large current gain (maximum output current for minimum input current). This
presumption is indeed correct: the current gain for a common-collector amplifier is quite large, larger than
any other transistor amplifier configuration.
Unlike the common-emitter amplifier, the common-collector produces an output voltage in direct rather
than inverse proportion to the rising input voltage. As the input voltage increases, so does the output
voltage.
More than that, a close examination reveals that the output voltage is nearly identical to the input voltage.
This is the unique quality of the common-collector amplifier: an output voltage that is nearly equal to the
input voltage. This amplifier has a voltage gain of almost exactly unity 1.
It is simple to understand why the output voltage of a common-collector amplifier is always nearly equal
to the input voltage. Referring back to the diode-regulating diode transistor model, we see that the base
current must go through the base-emitter PN junction, which is equivalent to a normal rectifying diode.
So long as this junction is forward-biased (the transistor conducting current in either its active or saturated
modes), it will have a voltage drop of approximately 0.7 volts, assuming silicon construction. This 0.7
volt drop is largely irrespective of the actual magnitude of base current, so we can regard it as being
constant.

Given the voltage polarities across the base-emitter PN junction and the load resistor, we see that they
must add together to equal the input voltage, in accordance with Kirchhoff's Voltage Law. In other words,
the load voltage will always be about 0.7 volts less than the input voltage for all conditions when the
transistor is conducting. Cutoff occurs at input voltages below 0.7 volts, and saturation at input voltages in
excess of battery (supply) voltage plus 0.7 volts.
Because of this behavior, the common-collector amplifier circuit is also known as the voltage-follower or
emitter-follower amplifier, in reference to the fact that the input and load voltages follow each other so
closely.
Applying the common-collector circuit to the amplification of AC signals requires the same input
"biasing" used in the common-emitter circuit: a DC voltage must be added to the AC input signal to keep
the transistor in its active mode during the entire cycle. When this is done, the result is a non-inverting
amplifier.
Here is another view of the circuit, this time with oscilloscopes connected to several points of interest:

Since this amplifier configuration doesn't provide any voltage gain (in fact, in practice it actually has a
voltage gain of slightly less than 1), its only amplifying factor is current. The common-emitter amplifier
configuration had a current gain equal to the β of the transistor, being that the input current went through
the base and the output (load) current went through the collector, and β by definition is the ratio between
the collector and base currents. In the common-collector configuration, though, the load is situated in
series with the emitter, and thus its current is equal to the emitter current. With the emitter carrying
collector current and base current, the load in this type of amplifier has all the current of the collector
running through it plus the input current of the base. This yields a current gain of β plus 1.
A popular application of the common-collector amplifier is for regulated DC power supplies, where an
unregulated (varying) source of DC voltage is clipped at a specified level to supply regulated (steady)
voltage to a load.
• The output voltage of a common-collector amplifier will be in phase with the input voltage,
making the common-collector a non-inverting amplifier circuit.
• The current gain of a common-collector amplifier is equal to β plus 1. The voltage gain is
approximately equal to 1 (in practice, just a little bit less).

LAB TASK 1
 Calculate the values of Voltage Gain, Current Gain, Input Impedance, and Output Impedance for
the circuit given for Common Collector Amplifier.
Where,

C1 = 0.1μF

C2 = 0.1μF

R1 = 10kΩ

R2 = 6.8kΩ

R3 = 1kΩ

R4 = 1kΩ

VCC = 12V

Vin = 40 mVp-p (10kHz)

CALCULATIONS RESULTS:

So gain is
=0.9V~==1
Ai=Ie/Ib
=Ic+Ib/Ib
=Ic/Ib +1
=β+1
=101

Voltage Gain= 0.9V~==1 Current Gain= 101

Input Impedance=……………………………. Output Impedance=…………………………….

LAB TASK 2
• Implement the given circuit on Proteus as well as on Hardware by setting an input of 40mV p-p (f =
10 kHz).
• Observe the output at Oscilloscope.
• Record the readings in the table.
• Draw the input and output waveforms.

RESULTS

Calculated Values Measured Values

Input Output
Voltage Gain Current Gain Voltage Gain Current Gain
Impedance Impedance
Proteus Simulation:
CONCLUSION
In this lab we focused on the exploration and analysis of the common
collector amplifier configuration through comprehensive study involving
theoretical analysis and circuit simulation on Proteus. Theoretical analysis
facilitates us to get deep into the common collector amplifier, with a specific
emphasis on key parameters such as voltage gain and current gain. By
applying fundamental electronic principles and transistor characteristics, we
get to know that the common collector configuration influences signal
amplification and impedance characteristics.
The significance of proper biasing became evident as it directly influenced the
amplifier's linearity and efficiency. Through varying input signals and
observing the corresponding output waveforms, we gained a nuanced
understanding of the common emitter amplifier's amplification capabilities
and frequency response. The frequency response analysis was particularly
enlightening, showcasing the impact of coupling capacitors and the inherent
limitations of the amplifier at higher frequencies. The simulation of the circuit
on Proteus facilitates us a virtual platform to test and validate our theoretical
predictions. This digital simulation allowed us to observe the behavior of the
common collector amplifier under different conditions and understanding of
its performance characteristics.