15-Mar-2022 Design By: M.

Hasnain Mughal
 Chapter 1
Computers, Devices, and the Web.

What is Computer?
A Computer is an electronic device which accept data from the input devices and then process
and finally show result on the output devices is called computer.
It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data.
Computer works over the basic three steps.
1. Input 2. Process 3. Output

What is hardware?
Computer hardware is the physical parts or components of a computer, such as monitor,
keyboard, computer data storage, graphic card, sound card, motherboard, and so on Known as
Hardware

What is software?
A set of instructions given to the computer to solve a particular problem is called software.
Software are the set of programs which we cannot touch.
Such as MS Word, MS Excel, Adobe Photoshop.
15-Mar-2022 Design By: M.Hasnain Mughal
Types of software?
There are 2 Types of Software.
System Software
Application Software.

What is System software?

A program or set of programs that is specially designed to control different operations of
computer system is called system software.Without system software we cannot easily uses our
computer.
Example: Windows, driver etc.

What is application software?

A program or set of programs that are specially designed to solve the specific problems of user
are called application software.Without application software we can easily operate our
computer.
Example: MS word, Adobe Photoshop.

What is Personal Computer (PC)?

Personal Computers is a category of computers that can perform all the activities of a computer
and are intended to be used by one person.

Types of personal computers?

Laptops
Tablets
Desktops
(first two are also called mobile computers.)

What is mobile computer?

A mobile computer is a portable personal computer, designed so that a user can carry it from place
to place.

What is laptop?
A Laptop also called a notebook computer, is a thin, lightweight mobile computer with a screen in
its lid and a keyboard in its base. Designed for easy transport and can run on a battery or power
supply.
A laptop that is less than one inch thick and weigh around 3 pounds or less is referred to as an
ultrathin laptop.

15-Mar-2022 Design By: M.Hasnain Mughal

What is a tablet?
Tablets are smaller than a laptop but larger than a phone, a Tablet is a thin, lighter-weight mobile
computer that has a touch screen. Tablets usually come in a slate shape and does not contain a
physical keyboard instead use on-screen keyboard and these too run on batteries or power
supply.(Tablet’s battery lost longer than laptops)

What is Desktop?
A Desktop Computer is a personal computer designed to be in a stationary location, where all
of its components fit on or under a desk or table, the computer’s screen is housed in a display device
that is separate from tower, which is a case that contains the processing circuitry.

What is an All-in-one Desktop?

An All-in-one Desktop Computer does not contain a tower and instead uses the same case to
house the display and the processing circuity.

What is Network?
When two are more than devices pc’s connected with each other is called network.
Combination of net and work is called network.

What is server?
A Server is a computer dedicated to providing one or more services to other computers or
devices on a network. Services provided by servers include storing content and controlling
access to hardware, software and other resources on a network. A Server can support from Two
to Several Thousand connected devices at the same time. Servers are available in a variety of
sizes and types for both small and large business applications.

What is Mobile Device?

A Mobile Device is a computing device small enough to hold in your hand. these are small
devices often between 3 and 5 inches. These can be internet capable.
Some popular mobile devices are smart-phones, digital cameras, portable and digital media
player, e-book readers and wearable devices. And Yes mobile Devices are computers too.

What is Smartphone?
A smartphone is an internet capable phone that usually includes app like calendar, calculator etc,
with smartphones you can listen to music, take photos and record videos, make calls and send
messages. Many smartphones have touch screens.

15-Mar-2022 Design By: M.Hasnain Mughal

What is digital camera?
A Digital Camera is a device that allows you to take photos and store the photographed image
digitally.
Many Mobile computers like smartphones and tablets include at least one integrated digital
camera.

What is digital media player?

A Portable Digital Media Player is a mobile device that allows you to store, organize and play or
view Digital Media.Digital Media includes music, photos and videos.

What is an E-book Reader?

An E-Book Reader is a mobile device that is primarily used for reading E-Books, newspapers
and magazines.
An E-Book or Digital Book, is an electronic version of a printed book.
An E-Book Reader usually comes with a touch and are smaller than a tablet and larger than a
smartphone.

What is Wearable device?

A Wearable Device or Wearable is a small, mobile computing consumer device designed to be
worn.
Wearable Devices Include activity trackers, smartwatches and smart glasses.

What is Activity Tracker?

An Activity Tracker is a wearble device that monitors heart rate, measures pulse, counts steps,
and tracks sleep patterns.

What is Smart Watch?

A Smartwatch is a wearable device that allows you to keep track of time, communicate with a
smartphone to make and answer phone calls, read and send messages, access the web, play
music, work with apps, and more.

What is Smart Glasses?

Smart glasses is a wearable device that lets user look into an eye- glass type device to view
information or take photos and videos that are projected to a miniature screen in user’s field of
vision.

15-Mar-2022 Design By: M.Hasnain Mughal

What is game console?
A Game Console is a mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video
games.
Gamers often connect the game console to a display device to that they can view their gameplay.
Many Consoles allow you to watch movies, view photos or listen to music.
Consoles weigh between three and eleven pounds, because of their compact size they can be
easily used at home, car, in a hotel room or nay location that has an electrical outlet.

What is handheld game device?

A handheld game device is small enough to fit in one hand, making it more portable than the
game console.

What is Data?
Every instruction (Alphabetical Numerical or symbols) which gives to the computer is called
data.
Data is unprocessed.
Data is Raw material.
2. Data (input):
Data is a collection of unprocessed items, which can include text, numbers, images, audio and
video.

What is Information?
Any type of processed data is called information

Processed material ‫سامان‬ ، ‫مواد‬ is called is Information

Those statements which is give complete sense is called is Information
Like a=2, b=4, c= a + b. c = 4
2. Information(output):
Information is organized, processed and meaningful data.

15-Mar-2022 Design By: M.Hasnain Mughal

What is Input?
The data that user gives to the computer to process is called input.
Popular Input Devices Are keyboards, pointing devices, Voice and Video Input and Scanners.

What is Keyboard?
A Keyboard contains keys you press to enter data and instructions into a computer or mobile
device.
All Desktop Keyboards have a typing area that includes letters of alphabet, numbers, punctuation
marks, and other basic keys.

What is Pointing Devices?

A Pointing Device is an input device that allows a user to control a small symbol on a screen,
called the pointer.
Desktops typically use a mouse as their pointing device, and laptops use a touchpad.

What is Mouse?
A Mouse is a Pointing device that fits under the palm of your hand comfortably, with mouse you
control movement of the pointer and send instructions to the computer or mobile devices.

What is Touchpad?
A Touchpad is a small, flat, rectangular Pointing device that is sensitive to pressure and motion.
To control the pointer with a touchpad, slide your fingertip across the surface of pad, you can also
tap on the pad to imitate mouse operations such as clicking.

Voice and Video Input

One can speak data instructions using Voice Input and capture live full-motion images using
video input.
A Microphone enables one to speak to computer.
A Webcam allows you to capture video for your computer.

What is Scanner?
A Scanner is a light-sensing input device that converts printed text and images into a form that
computer can process.

15-Mar-2022 Design By: M.Hasnain Mughal

What is Output?
The result /information that computer gives the user after processing is called output.
Popular Output Devices Are Printers, Displays And Speakers.

What is a Printer?
A Printer is an output device that produces text and graphics on a physical medium, such as
paper or other material.
Printed content sometimes is referred to as hard copy or printout.

What is a 3d Printer?
A 3D Printer can print solid objects, such as clothing, prosthetics, eyewear, implants, toys, parts
and more.
3D Printer uses a plastic substance that prints in layers to create a 3d model.

What is a Display?
A display is an output device that visually conveys text, graphic, and video information.
Displays consist of a screen and the components that produce the information on the screen.
Desktop comes with a separate physical device called monitor that houses the display and mobile
computers typically integrate the display in their same physical case.

What is Speakers?
A Speaker allows you to hear audio that is music, voice and other sounds, most computers have
a small internal speaker.

What is Earbuds?
Earbuds or Headphones sit in each ear so only the user is able to hear the sound that they produce
unlike speakers.

How to Ease Eyestrain?(Optional)

 Position the display about 20 degree below eye level.
 Clean the screen regularly.
 Blink your eyes every five seconds.
 Adjust room lighting.
 Use larger fonts and zoom the display.
 Take an eye break every 30 minutes.

15-Mar-2022 Design By: M.Hasnain Mughal

How to protect your Hearing When using headphone?(Optional)
 Listen at a maximum of 30% of sound.
 Use a high quality pair of headphones.
 Use headphones that reduce outside noise.

What is memory?
Memory consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and the
data needed by those instructions.
Memory keeps data and instructions temporarily, which means its contents are erased when the
computer is shut off.

What is storage?
Storage holds data, instructions and information permanently for future use.
A computer keeps data, instructions, and information on storage media.
Local Storage Media includes hard disks, solid-state drives, USB flash drives, memory cards,
and optical discs.

What is Storage Devices?

A storage device records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage media.
Storage Devices often also function as source of input and output because they transfer items
from storage to memory

What is Hard Disk?

A Hard Disk is a storage device that contains one or more inflexible, circular platters that use
magnetic particles to store data, instructions, and information. The entire device is enclosed in an
airtight, sealed case to protect it from contamination.
Laptops and Desktops often contain at least one hard disk that is mounted inside the computer’s
case.

What is Solid-State Drive (SSD)?

A Solid-State Drive (SSD) is a storage device that typically uses flash memory to store data,
instructions, and information. Flash memory contains no moving parts, making it more durable
and shock resistant than other types of media.

What is an External Hard Drive?

An external hard drive is a separate, portable, freestanding hard disk or SSD that usually connects
to the computer with a cable. The entire external hard drive is enclosed in an airtight, sealed case.

15-Mar-2022 Design By: M.Hasnain Mughal

What is USB Flash Drive?
A USB Flash Drive is a portable flash memory storage device that you plug in a USB port which
is a special, easily accessible opening on a computer or mobile device.
USB Flash Drives are convenient for mobile users because, they are small and lightweight
enough to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket.

What is Memory Card?

A Memory Card is removable flash memory, usually no bigger than 1.5 inches in height or width
that you insert in and remove from a slot in a computer, mobile device, or card reader/writer.
With A Card Reader/Writer, you can transfer the stored items from a memory card to a computer
or printer that does not have a built-in card slot.

What is an Optical Disc?

An Optical Disc is a type of storage media that consists of a flat, round, portable metal disc made
of metal, plastic and lacquer that is written and read by a laser.
CDs (Compact Discs) and DVDs (Digital Versatile Discs) are two types of optical discs.

What is Cloud Storage?

Cloud Storage is an internet service that provides remote storage to computer users.
Instead of storing data locally on a hard drive, some users opt for cloud storage.
A Backup is a duplicate of content on a storage medium that you can use in case the original is
lost, damaged or destroyed.

The End
Complete Chapter No 1
Good Luck 😊

15-Mar-2022 Design By: M.Hasnain Mughal