A computer is an electronic machine that processes raw data to give information as output.

This electronic device that accepts data as input, and transforms it under the influence of a set of
special instructions called Programs, to produce the desired output.

Input & output devices

The computer will be of no use if it is not communicating with the
external world. Thus,a computer must have a system to receive
information from the outside world and must be able to communicate
results to the external world. Thus, a computer consists of input/output
devices. Input and output devices can also be written as I/O devices.
Input and output devices of a computer system are the devices that
connect you to computer. Input devices let you to transfer data and user
command into the computer system. I/O devices are used to interact with
the computer system.
Output devices display the result of input data or signals after
processing it.
Input devices

An input device is any hardware device that transmits data to the computer. Without input devices,
a computer would merely be a display device and not allow people to interact with it, similar to a TV.

keyboard

The most used input method today is the keyboard. By typing on the keyboard, the information and
instructions are entered. The memory unit of a computer receives the message entered using the
keyboard. It has a connection connecting it to a computer. It contains additional function keys in
addition to the alphabetic and numeric keys for carrying out various tasks.

Mouse

It functions like a pointer. The movement of the cursor on the screen is controlled by rolling
the mouse over the mouse pad. The mouse can be clicked, double-clicked, or dragged.
Previously the majority of mouse have a ball underneath them that rotates as the mouse is
moved. Now it is changed to laser . The computer moves the cursor or pointer on the screen in
response to the sensor's notification of the speed of its motions. A mouse has three buttons on
the top that aid in choosing points. The touchpad is provided in place of the mouse in
laptops , which aids in the mouse pointer moving.

Microphone

A microphone turns sound into an electrical signal that may be recorded or reproduced by
connecting it to an amplifier. Sound can be saved in a device employing a microphone in its
digital form.
Scanner

This gadget can scan text or images and turn them into digital signals. When we set any
document on a scanner, it turns it into a digital signal and displays it on the computer screen.

Barcode reader

It is a type of optical scanner that can read bar codes. When a light source passes through a
bar code, its features and specifics are shown on the screen.

The most widely used input devices are all those that were already mentioned. There are numerous
other pieces of equipment that can be classified as input devices that are used in various fields.

Output devices

Monitor

The monitor is the device that shows all of a screen's icons, text, photos, etc. When we instruct a
computer to perform a task, the completed task is shown on the monitor. Over time, various types
of monitors have also been created.

Printer

A printer is a device that copies written or visual content, typically over paper.

There are many different types of printers on the market that can be used for various tasks.

Speakers
A speaker is a hardware component that allows us to listen to sounds as a result of commands we
give computers. Speakers are typically attached to computer systems, but they can also be attached
individually. Nowadays ,wireless speakers are available that can be connected by bluetooth or other
apps .

Projector
A projector is an optical device that displays still or moving images on a projection screen. These
projectors are typically used in smart classrooms, auditoriums, movie theatres etc.. to show videos
or lightning. If a projector is connected to a computer, the image or video displayed on the screen
will be the same as the one displayed on the computer screen.

Headphones
Headphones serve the same purpose as speakers, with the main distinction being in the frequency of
the sound; with speakers, sound may be heard over a wider area, whereas with headphones, the
user is the only one who can hear the sound.
PROCESSOR AND MEMORY

Memory serves as the computer's electrical storage facility for the instructions and data that it
needs to access fast. Information is kept there for quick access. A computer's memory is one of its
fundamental components since without it, a computer would not be able to operate as intended.

The processor, commonly referred to as the CPU ( Central Processing Unit) , gives the computer the
instructions and processing power it needs to function. Your computer will work more quickly if its
CPU is more modern and powerful. We can make our computer function more quickly by upgrading
to a more potent CPU.

Memory

The computer’s memory stores data, instructions required

during the processing of data, and output results. Storage
may be required for a limited period of time, instantly, or,
for an extended period of time.
Different types of memories, each having its own unique
features, are available for use in a computer. The cache
memory, registers, and RAM are fast memories and store
the data and instructions temporarily during the
processing of data and instructions. The secondary
memory like magnetic disks and optical disks has large
storage capacities and store the data and instructions
permanently, but are slow memory devices.
The memories are organized in the computer in a manner
to achieve high levels of performance at the minimum
cost.

MEMORY REPRESENTATION
The computer memory stores different kinds of data like
input data, output data, intermediate results, the
instructions etc...
Basic unit of memory- Binary digit (bit)
Binary digit or bit is the basic unit of
memory. A bit is a single binary digit, i.e., 0 or 1. A bit is
the smallest unit of
representation of data in a computer. However, the data is
handled by the computer as
a combination of bits. A group of 8 bits form a byte.
One byte is the smallest unit of data that is handled by the
computer – ask their notes
RAM - Your computer RAM is essentially short term memory where data is stored as the processor
needs it. This isn't to be confused with long-term data that's stored on your hard drive, which stays
there even when your computer is turned off.

ROM - This means it receives data and permanently writes it on a chip, and it lasts even after you
turn off your computer.

A computer's storage device

A computer's storage device enables its user to store and securely access the information and
programmes it contains. As one of the essential parts of the system,

What is computer uses of computer in nursing?

Computers play a vital role in the day-to-day operations of hospitals. From maintaining patient
records to scheduling appointments, computers help hospital staff work more efficiently and
effectively. In addition, computers can also be used to monitor patients' vital signs like blood
pressure and respiration.

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