STD 7 .

Language of chemistry [page no 71 onwards]

QUESTION AND ANSWERS

1. Mention the main conditions in which a chemical reaction between substances takes
place.
a) Close physical contact with chemical substances
Chemical substances are solid reactants, a solid and a liquid reactant , and liquid
reactacts.
b) Supply of energy
Different forms of energy are heat energy, light energy, and electrical energy.
c) Application of pressure
d) Use of catalyst .
Close physical contact
2. Give examples of chemical reactions of close physical contact between the reactants.
a) Iodine and phosphorus when brought in close contact react explosively.
[ both are solid reactants]
b) Potassium/ sodium / on coming in contact with cold water react explosively.
Close contact in solution
Egs a) Neutralisation reaction b) Precipitate reaction. Both reactions takes place in solution
form.
3) What is a neutralisation reaction ?
Acid and base [alkali] react together to form salt water – reaction is known as precipitation
reaction.
Ex. Reaction of sodium hydroxide solution [alkali] react with dilute hydrochloric acid to
form salt and water.
Sodium hydroxide + Dil.Hydrochloric acid→ Salt + water.
NaOH [aq.] + HCl [aq.] →NaCl + H2O
[ Chemists use this neutralization reaction to prepare artificial salt for drugs and
medicines. Salt solution by evaporation , separate pure salt form its solution]
4. Define precipitate reaction .
Precipitate reactions are the reactions in which an insoluble solid – precipitate – is formed
when two solutions of soluble substances react. [page 1]
Ex – Sodium chloride [aq.] + Silver [I] nitrate [aq.] → Silver [I] chloride [ppt] + Sodium
nitrate
NaCl [aq.] + AgNO3[aq.]→AgCl [ppt] + NaNO3.
Supply of heat energy
1. Most of the chemical reactions takes place by heating the reactants together. State
reason.
On heating the reactants , the reacting particles collide swiftly and with greater intensity.
Examples of reactions by supply of heat energy.
2. Heat on zinc carbonate – Zinc carbonate on heat decomposes to form zinc oxide and
carbon dioxide .
Zinc carbonate →Zinc oxide + Carbon dioxide [ put ∆ above the arrow]
ZnCO3→ZnO + CO3 [ put ∆ above the arrow]
3. Reaction of nitrogen with oxygen
Nitrogen react with oxygen at 30000C in an electric arc to form nitric oxide[NO]
N2 + O2 → 2NO [Write 30000C above the arrow]
Supply of light energy
1. Some chemical reactions takes place in the presence of light . Give reason.
In the presence of light , reactants absorb light energy, collide swiftly and react rapidly.
1. Give examples of reactions in which light energy is used:-
a) Photosynthesis in plants
b) Reaction of hydrogen and chlorine [ Synthesis of hydrogen chloride ]
c) Decomposition of silver salts.
2. Explain the reaction of synthesis of HCl gas.
Hydrogen and chlorine in the presence of diffused sunlight gives hydrogen chloride .
The reaction is slow in diffused light and explosive in direct light.
Hydrogen + Chlorine →Hydrogen chloride
Diffused sunlight
H2 + Cl2 → 2HCl.
[ Hydrogen and chlorine are the two neutral gases[ no reaction with litmus paper] to form
an acidic gas hydrogen chloride]
[page 2]
3. Give examples of silver salts. Why silver salts are kept in dark coloured bottles.
Siver bromide [ AgBr] , Siver iodide [ AgI]
Silver salt decomposes in the presence of sunlight. Hence silver salts are kept in dark
coloured battles.
Supply of electrical energy
1. Define electrochemical reactions .
Certain chemical reactions are brought about by passage of an electric current through the
reactants. Such reactions are called electrochemical reactions.
2.Give examples of electrochemical reactions .
a) Electrolysis of acidified water’
b) Electrolysis of molten sodium chloride.
[ Write equations from text book page 73- 2nd para.]
3. Why distilled water is acidified in the process of electrolysis?
Distilled water is a pure water [ does not contain impurities] – a poor conductor of
electricity. On addition of few drops of dilute acid , it becomes acidified and water
conducts electricity. The impurities in the acid makes poor conductor of distilled water
into good conductor of electricity.
4. What is brine solution ?
Sodium chloride solution is brine solution. Electrolysis of brine solution gives pure
hydrogen gas.
5. Name the product formed in the electrolysis of 1. Water 2. Molten sodium chloride
Electrolysis of water gives hydrogen and oxygen
Electrolysis of molten sodium chloride gives sodium and chlorine.
Application of pressure
1.Some chemical reactions takes place on supply of pressure. Give reason .
Application of pressure causes the reacting molecules , to come together and collide with
greater intensity.
2. Answer the following questions pertaining the manufacture of ammonia [ Haber
process]
a) Name the reactants.
The reactants are nitrogen and hydrogen.
b) Name the product formed in Haber process .
Ammonia gas [NH3]
c) Mention the temperature and the pressure used in the above reaction.
Elevated temperature is 4500C – 5000C.
Pressure is 200 atmos – 900 atmos.
d) Name the catalyst and the promoter in the above reaction.
The catalyst is finely powdered iron and the promoter is Molybdenum[Mo]
e) State the role of Molybdenum in the above reaction.
Molybdenum is a promoter , enhances the role of catalyst iron in the reaction.
f) State the type and kind of above reaction.
Reaction is reversible and exothermic .
g) Why it is known as Haber process.
Haber is the name of the German physical chemist– developed the synthetic ammonia
gas. { His full name is Fritz Haber].So named it as Haber Process.
Use of Catalyst
1.Define a catalyst. Give examples.
Catalyst is a chemical substance , which decreases or increases the rate of the reaction
without taking part in the reaction.It remains chemically unchanged at the end of the
reaction.
Egs – Manganese dioxide [MnO2], Phosphoric acid [H3PO4]
2. Name the types of catalysts. Define them with eg,
There are two types of catalysts. They are
1. Positive catalyst – It is a catalyst which increases the rate of a chemical reaction.
Eg Manganese dioxide
2. Negative catalyst – It is a catalyst which decreases the rate of a chemical reaction
Eg. Phosphoric acid [H3PO4]
3. Give a chemical reaction in which a positive catalyst is used.
Decomposition of potassium chlorate [KClO3] in to potassium chloride [KCl] and oxygen in
the presence of catalyst Manganese dioxide.
[ Write the eqn from text page 74- 3rd para]

[Page 3]
4. Give a chemical reaction in which a negative catalyst is used.
Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide [H2O2] to give oxygen in the presence of negative
catalyst Phosphoric acid .
[ Write the eqn from text page 74 -4th para]
5. What is a promoter ? Give a chemical reaction in which promoter is used.
Promoters are substances which improve the efficiency of the catalyst.
Eg. Manufacture of ammonia using catalyst ,finely powdered iron and a promoter
Molybdenum [Mo]
[ Write the eqn from text page 74 last para]
6. What is an inhibitor.
Inhibitor is a chemical substance , which stops the reaction completely. [ Acts as a
poisonous effect] eg – Arsenic oxide acts as inhibitor in human body, stops the function of
enzymes and thus affects the metabolic activities.
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