8

Mathematics
Quarter 1 - Module 4
Operations on Rational Algebraic
Expressions
Mathematics - Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Operations on Rational Algebraic Expressions
First Edition, 2020

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 8
Mathematics
Quarter 1 - Module 4
Operations on Rational Algebraic
Expressions
This page is intentionally blank
 Table of Contents

What This Learning Package is About.......................................................................... i

What I Need to Know.................................................................................................... i
How to Learn from this Learning Package.................................................................... i
Icons of this Learning Package..................................................................................... ii
What I Know................................................................................................................. iii

Lesson 1:
Multiplying Rational Algebraic Expressions.............................1
What I Need to Know...........................................................................1
What’s New (Activity 1:Let’s Multiply Fractions!)......................................1
What Is It..............................................................................................1
What’s More (Activity 2:Let’s try this!).......................................................2
What Is It..............................................................................................3
What’s More (Activity 3:Let’s try more of this!).........................................3
What’s New...................................................................................................4
What I Have Learned (Activity 4:Generalization).....................................4
What I Can Do (Activity 5:Let’s do this!)...................................................4

Lesson 2:
Dividing Rational Algebraic Expressions.................................. 5
What’s In.........................................................................................................5
What I Need to Know............................................................................5
What’s New (Activity 1:Let’s Divide Fractions!)........................................5
What Is It..............................................................................................5
What’s More (Activity 2:Let’s Divide this!).................................................6
What’s New.....................................................................................................7
What I Have Learned (Activity 3:Generalization).....................................7
What I Can Do (Activity 4:Let’s do this!)...................................................7

Lesson 3:
Adding and Subtracting Rational Algebraic Expressions.........8
What’s In.........................................................................................................8
What I Need to Know (Adding and Subtracting Similar Rational
Algebraic Expressions).........................................................................8
What’s New (Activity 1:Let’s Add and Subtract Fractions!).....................8
What Is It..............................................................................................9
What’s More (Activity 2:Let’s Add and Subtract this!)..............................9
What’s New..................................................................................................10
What Is It (Adding and Subtracting Dissimilar Rational Algebraic
Expressions).................................................................................................10
What’s More (Activity 3:Let’s Add and Subtract this!)............................11
What’s New..................................................................................................11
What I Have Learned (Activity 4:Generalization)...................................11
 What I Can Do (Activity 5:Let’s do this!)..................................................11

Lesson 4:
Complex Rational Algebraic Expressions............................... 12
What’s In.......................................................................................................12
What I Need to Know..........................................................................12
What’s New (Activity 1:Let’s Simplify!)....................................................12
What Is It.............................................................................................13
What’s More (Activity 2:Let’s Solve this!)................................................15
What’s New..................................................................................................15
What I Have Learned (Activity 3:Generalization)...................................15
What I Can Do (Activity 4:Let’s do this!)..................................................15

Lesson 5:
Application on Rational Algebraic Expressions......................16
What’s In.......................................................................................................16
What I Need to Know..........................................................................16
What’s New (Activity 1:Let’s Find my Formula!)....................................16
What Is It.............................................................................................17
What’s More (Activity 2:Let’s Solve this!)................................................18
What’s New..................................................................................................19
What I Have Learned (Activity 3:Generalization)...................................19
What I Can Do (Activity 4:Let’s do this!)..................................................19

Summary....................................................................................................... 19
Assessment: (Post-Test).............................................................................. 20
Key to Answers............................................................................................ 21
References.................................................................................................... 22
What This Module is About

A rational algebraic expression is a ratio of two polynomials where the

denominator is not equal to zero. It is said to be in its simplest form when the
numerator and denominator are polynomials with no common factors other than 1.
In the previous module, you had learned on how to simplify rational algebraic
expressions. Now in this module, all your learnings in simplifying rational algebraic
expressions will be used to perform operations on rational algebraic expressions. As
these becomes clear to you through the succeeding activities, do not forget to think
about how to apply these concepts in solving real-life problems especially rate
related problems.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

 Perform operations on rational algebraic expressions. M8AL-Ic-d-1

 Solve problems involving rational algebraic expressions. M8AL-Id-2

How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
1. Carefully read all the lessons.
2. Take your time in going thru each lesson.
3. Answer the pretest honestly. The purpose of the pretest is for you to
determine your prior knowledge before going thru the lessons and activities.
4. If you have a hard time understanding the lessons and activities, please do
take a break. Having breaks between lessons and activities will give you
some space where you can absorb the lesson well.
5. You can use the internet if you need more information about the lesson.

i
Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that

Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.

ii
 What I Know

Find out how much you already know about this module. Write the letter that
you think is the best answer to each question on a sheet of paper. Answer all items.
After taking and checking this short test, take note of the items that you were not able
to answer correctly and look for the right answer as you go through in this module.

For exercises 1-3, multiply or divide. Write each answer in lowest terms.
9(𝑡+𝑑) 10(𝑡+𝑑) 25 27 27
1. ÷ a. 3(𝑡 + 𝑑)2 b. c. d.
5 6 27 25 25(𝑡+𝑑)

𝑐2+7𝑐+10 4(𝑐+2)(𝑐+3) 4(𝑐+2)(𝑐+5) 4(𝑐+2)(𝑐+3) 4(𝑐+2)

2. 2 4𝑐+12 a. b. c. d.
𝑐 +2𝑐−15 ∙ 3𝑐+15 3(𝑐−3)(𝑐+5) 3(𝑐−3) 3

𝑎2−𝑏2 8 1 (𝑎+𝑏)2 (𝑎−𝑏)(𝑎+𝑏) 𝑎+𝑏

3.
2𝑎−2𝑏
÷ a. b. c. d.
𝑎+𝑏 16 16 16 8

For exercises 4-7, add or subtract. Write each answer in lowest terms.
3𝑟+1 2𝑟+10 2𝑟−8 4𝑟+10
4. − 𝑟+9 a. b. c. d. 2
𝑟−4 𝑟−4 𝑟−4 𝑟−4 𝑟−4
𝑡+2 19−𝑡 15−𝑡 3𝑡+8 5−𝑡
5. + 3−2𝑡
a. b. c. d.
3𝑡−9 5𝑡−15 15(𝑡−3) 15(𝑡−3) 15(𝑡−3) 8(𝑡−3)
3𝑥+2 𝑥+1 2𝑥+3 4𝑥+1 2𝑥+1
6. − 𝑥−1
a. b. c. d.
4𝑥−5 5−4𝑥 𝑥+5 4𝑥−5 4𝑥−5 4𝑥−5
𝑟−1 𝑟−2 2𝑟2−4 2 2
7. + a. b. 𝑟 − 1 c. d.
𝑟2−𝑟−2 𝑟2−4 (𝑟−2)(𝑟+2)(𝑟+1) 𝑟+1 (𝑟+2)(𝑟+1)

For exercises 8-9, simplify the complex fraction.

3−𝑡
6 5(3+𝑡) 5 5 5
8. a. b. c. d.
9−𝑡2 2 2(3+𝑡) 2(3−𝑡3) 2(3−𝑡)
15
𝑥
𝑥
−𝑦 a. 2 b. 𝑥−𝑦 c. d. 𝑥−3𝑦
3
9. 𝑥 ( − 𝑦) −1
𝑦− 3 𝑥+𝑦 𝑥+3𝑦
3
For exercise 10, solve the problem.

10. Maria can paddle her canoe 2 miles upstream against the current in the same
time it would take her to paddle 6 miles downstream. Maria can paddle 2 mph
in still water. What is the speed of the current?

iii
a. -1 mph b. 1 mph c. 3 mph d. 4 mph

iv
 Lesson
Multiplying Rational
1 Algebraic Expressions

What I Need to Know

Just as we can multiply fractions, we can multiply rational expressions, or

fractions that include polynomials. In fact, we use the same processes for multiplying
rational expressions as we use for multiplying numeric fractions.
The product of two rational expressions is the product of the numerators
divided by the product of the denominators. In symbols,

= 𝑏𝑑 , 𝑏𝑑 ≠ 0
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎𝑐
𝑏∙ 𝑑

What’s
New

Activity 1: Let’s Multiply Fractions!

Perform the operation on the following fractions.
2 3
1. ∙ 2. ∙ 8 33
7 2 3. 11 ∙ 40
7 8 4 3

What Is It

Activity 1 shows how to multiply regular frations. Just like in number 1,

2 7 (2)(7) (2)(7) 2 2 2 1 1
∙ = = = = = = =
7 8 (7)(8) (7)(8) 8 (2)(2)(2) (2)(2)(2) (2)(2) 4

1
 Rational expressions are multiplied the same way as you would multiply
regular fractions.

2
 5𝑡 4
Illustrative example 1: Find the product of and .
8 3𝑡2

5𝑡 4 Express the numerators and denominators

8 ∙ 3𝑡2 = 5𝑡 (2) ∙ (2)(2) into prime factors if possible.
(2)(2) 3(𝑡)(𝑡)
5(𝑡) (2)(2)
= ∙
(2)(2)(2) 3(𝑡)(𝑡)
Eliminate the common factors.

5 Simplify rational ecpressions expressions

= (2) ∙ 1 using laws of exponents.
3(𝑡)
5
= 6𝑡
4𝑥 3𝑥2𝑦2
Illustrative example 2: and .
3𝑦 10
Multiply

4𝑥 3𝑥2𝑦2 (2)(2)(𝑥) 3 𝑥2(𝑦)(𝑦)

3𝑦 ∙ 10 = 3𝑦 ∙ (2)(5)
2
= (2)(2)(𝑥) ∙ 3 𝑥 (𝑦)(𝑦)
3𝑦 (2)(5)

2𝑥 𝑥2𝑦
= 1 ∙ 5
2𝑥3𝑦
= 5

What’s More

Activity 2: Let’s try this!

Find the product of the following rational algebraic expressions.
10𝑢𝑣2 6𝑥2𝑦2
1. ∙
3𝑥𝑦2 5𝑢2𝑣2

2𝑎𝑏 𝑐
2. ∙
3𝑐2 𝑎2

3
 What Is It

Illustrative example 3: Multiply the rational 2𝑥+1 𝑥+1

expressions 2 2 .
∙
𝑥 −1 2𝑥 +𝑥

2𝑥+1 𝑥+1 𝑥2 − 1 = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)

𝑥2−1 ∙ 2𝑥2+𝑥
2𝑥+1 𝑥+1 Factor out 2𝑥2 + 𝑥 = 𝑥(2𝑥 + 1)
= (𝑥+1)(𝑥−1) ∙ 𝑥(2𝑥+1)

(2𝑥+1)(𝑥+1) Multiply across the numerators and

= (𝑥+1)(𝑥−1)(𝑥)(2𝑥+1) across the denominators.
1 (2𝑥+1)(𝑥+1) 1
= By color-coding the common factors, it is
(𝑥+1)(𝑥−1)(𝑥)(2𝑥+1) clear which ones to eliminate or can be
divided easily w. hich gives a quotient of 1.
1
= 𝑥(𝑥−1) Simplify

𝑥2+7𝑥+10
Illustrative example 4: Multiply the rational expressions ∙ 𝑥2−6𝑥−7
𝑥2−9𝑥+14 𝑥2+6𝑥+5.

𝑥2+7𝑥+10 𝑥2−6𝑥−7 (𝑥+5)(𝑥+2) (𝑥−7)(𝑥+1)

𝑥2−9𝑥+14 ∙ 𝑥2+6𝑥+5 = (𝑥−2)(𝑥−7) ∙ (𝑥+5)(𝑥+1)

(𝑥+5)(𝑥+2)(𝑥−7)(𝑥+1)
= (𝑥−2)(𝑥−7)(𝑥+5)(𝑥+1)
1 (𝑥+5)(𝑥+21 𝑥−7) 1
)( (𝑥+1)
=
(𝑥−2)(𝑥−7)(𝑥+5)(𝑥+1)

𝑥+2
= 𝑥−2

What’s More

Activity 3: Let’s try more of this!

Find the product of the following rational algebraic expressions.

𝑥2−3𝑥 𝑥2−4
1. ∙
𝑥2+3𝑥−10 𝑥2−𝑥−6

𝑥2+2𝑥+1 𝑦2−1
2. 2 ∙ 2
𝑦 −2𝑦+1 𝑥 −1

4
 𝑎2−2𝑎𝑏+𝑏2 𝑎−1
3. ∙
𝑎2−1 𝑎−𝑏

5
 What’s New

For you to learn more about Multiplying Rational Algebraic Expression, just
click the link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RROSgr4oXjU.

What I Have Learned

Activity 4: Generalization

1. What are the steps in multiplying rational algebraic expressions?

2. What do you observe from each step in multiplying rational algebraic

expressions?

What I Can do

Activity 5: Let’s do this!

Direction: Simplify by multiplying the following rational expressions.

𝑥2+𝑥−30
1. 𝑥−4
𝑥−4 ∙ 𝑥−5
𝑥2+13𝑥+40
2.
𝑥2+10𝑥−25 𝑥+5
∙ 𝑥−4
35𝑥+25
3. 𝑥+5
5 ∙ 42𝑥+30

49𝑥+14 5𝑥
4. 35𝑥2+10𝑥 ∙ 6

6
 Lesson
Dividing Rational Algebraic
2 Expressions

What’s In

We have learned from Lesson 1 on how to multiply rational algebraic

expressions. We've seen that we multiply rational expressions like we multiply
fractions. It should come as no surprise that we also divide rational expressions the
same way we divide numerical fractions. Specifically, to divide rational expressions,
multiply the rational expression numerator by the reciprocal of the rational expression
denominator.

What I Need to Know

The quotient of two rational algebraic expressions is the product of the

dividend and the reciprocal of the divisor.In symbols,

= 𝑏𝑐 , 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑 ≠ 0
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎𝑑
𝑏÷ =𝑎 ∙𝑑
𝑑 𝑏 𝑐

What’s New

Activity 1: Let’s Divide Fractions!

Perform the operation on the following fractions.
1 3 5 9 9 3
1. ÷ 2. ÷ 3. ÷
2 4 2 4 2 4

What Is It

Activity 1 shows how to divide regular frations. Just like in number 1,

1 3 14 ( )( )
÷ = ∙ = 1 ∙ 2 2 = 1 ∙ (2)(2) = 2
2 4 23 2 3 2 3 3

7
 Rational expressions are divided the same way as you would divide regular
fractions.

8
 6𝑎𝑏2 9𝑎2𝑏2
Illustrative example 1: Find the quotient of and .
4𝑐𝑑 8𝑐2𝑑

6𝑎𝑏2 9𝑎2𝑏2 6𝑎𝑏2 8𝑐 2𝑑 Multiply the dividend by the

4𝑐𝑑
÷ 8𝑐2𝑑
= 4𝑐𝑑
∙ 9𝑎2𝑏2 reciprocal of the divisor.

(2)(3)(𝑎)(𝑏)𝑏) (2)(2)(2)(𝑐)(𝑐)(𝑑)
= (2)(2)(𝑐)(𝑑) ∙ (3)(3)(𝑎)(𝑎)(𝑏)(𝑏) Perform the steps in multiplying
(2)(3)(𝑎)(𝑏)(𝑏) (2)(2)(2)(𝑐)(𝑐)(𝑑) rational algebraic expressions.
= ∙
(2)(2)(𝑐)(𝑑) (3)(3)(𝑎)(𝑎)(𝑏)(𝑏)

(2) (2)(𝑐)
= 1 ∙ (3)(𝑎)

4𝑐
= 3𝑎
2𝑥2+𝑥−6
Illustrative example 2: Divide 𝑥2−2𝑥−8
2𝑥2+7𝑥+5 .
by 2𝑥2−3𝑥−20

2𝑥2+𝑥−6
𝑥2−2𝑥−8 2𝑥2+𝑥−6 2𝑥2−3𝑥−20
2𝑥2+7𝑥+5 ÷ 2𝑥2−3𝑥−20 = 2𝑥2+7𝑥+5 ∙ 𝑥2−2𝑥−8

(2𝑥−3)(𝑥+2) (𝑥−4)(2𝑥+5)
= (2𝑥+5)(𝑥+1) ∙ (𝑥+2)(𝑥−4)
(2𝑥−3)(𝑥+2) (𝑥−4)(2𝑥+5)
= ∙
(2𝑥+5)(𝑥+1) (𝑥+2)(𝑥−4)

2𝑥−3 1
= 𝑥+1 ∙1
2𝑥−3
= 𝑥+1

What’s More

Activity 2: Let’s divide this!

Find the quotient of the following rational algebraic expressions.

81𝑥𝑧3 27𝑥2𝑧2
1. 36𝑦 ÷ 12𝑥𝑦

2𝑎+2𝑏 4
2. 𝑎2+𝑎𝑏 ÷ 𝑎

16𝑥2−9 16𝑥2+24𝑥+9
3. 6−5𝑥−4𝑥÷
2 4𝑥2+11𝑥+6

9
 What’s New

For you to learn more about Dividing Rational Algebraic Expression, just click
the link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rMVOdIDNjpA.

What I Have Learned

Activity 3: Generalization

1. What are the steps in dividing rational algebraic expressions?

2. What do you observe from each step in dividing rational algebraic

expressions?

What I Can do

Activity 4: Let’s do this!

Simplify each expressions.

3
1. 5
8𝑣 ÷ 9𝑣

8𝑛
2. 7𝑛5 ÷ 2𝑛4
9𝑛

𝑥−9 𝑥−9
3. (𝑥−3)(𝑥+3) ÷ 5𝑥2(𝑥+3)

8(10−𝑥) 𝑥−8
4. (𝑥+1)(𝑥−10) ÷ (𝑥−8)(𝑥+1)

10
 Lesson Adding and Subtracting
3 Rational Algebraic
Expressions

What’s In

We have learned from Lessons 1 and 2 on how to multiply and divide rational
algebraic expressions. At start math, students usually learn how to add and subtract
whole numbers before being taught multiplication and division. However, with
fractions and rational expressions, multiplication and division are sometimes taught
first because these operations are easier to perform than addition and subtraction.
Addition and subtraction of rational expressions are not as easy to perform as
multiplication because, as with numeric fractions, the process involves finding
common denominators. By working carefully and writing down the steps along the
way, you can keep track of all of the numbers and variables and perform the
operations accurately.

What I Need to Know

Adding and Subtracting Similar Rational Algebraic Expressions

In adding or subtracting similar rational expressions, add or subtract the

numerators and write the answer in the numerator of the result over the common
denominator. In symbols,

𝑎 𝑐 𝑎+𝑐 ,𝑏≠0
𝑏+ = 𝑏
𝑏

11
 What’s New

Activity 1: Let’s Add and Subtract Fractions!

Perform the operation on the following fractions.
1 5 9
1. + 2. + 10 5
3
4 4 3. 13 + 13
2 2

What Is It

Activity 1 shows how to add and subtract regular fractions just like in number
1,

1 3 1+3 4
2 + 2= 2
= =2
2

Rational expressions are added and subtracted the same way as you would
add and subtract regular fractions.
𝑥2−2𝑥−7 3𝑥+1
Illustrative example 1: Add and .
𝑥2−9 𝑥2−9

𝑥2−2𝑥−7 3𝑥+1 𝑥2−2𝑥−7+3𝑥+1

𝑥2−9 + 𝑥2−9 = 𝑥2−9
𝑥2+𝑥−6 Combine like terms in the
= numerator.
𝑥2−9
(𝑥+3)(𝑥−2)
= Factor out the numerator and
(𝑥−3)(𝑥+3) denominator
𝑥−2
= 𝑥−3 Simplify

12
 −10−6𝑥−5𝑥2 𝑥2+5𝑥−20
Illustrative example 2: Subtract and .
3𝑥2+𝑥−2 3𝑥2+𝑥−2

𝑥2+5𝑥−20 −10−6𝑥−5𝑥2 𝑥2+5𝑥−20−(−10−6𝑥−5𝑥2)

2
3𝑥 +𝑥−2 − 2
3𝑥 +𝑥−2 = 3𝑥2+𝑥−2

𝑥2+5𝑥−20+10+6𝑥+5𝑥2
= 3𝑥2+𝑥−2

𝑥2+5𝑥2+5𝑥+6𝑥−20+10
= 3𝑥2+𝑥−2

6𝑥2+11𝑥−10
= 3𝑥2+𝑥−2

= (3𝑥−2)(2𝑥+5)
(3𝑥−2)(𝑥+1)

2𝑥+5
= 𝑥+1

What’s More

Activity 2: Let’s add and subtract this!

Solve following rational algebraic expressions.
𝑥2+3𝑥−2 𝑥2−2𝑥+4 𝑥2+3𝑥+2 3𝑥+3
1. +
2. −
𝑥2−4 𝑥2−2𝑥+1 𝑥2−2𝑥+1
𝑥2−4

13
 2.
What Is It

Adding and Subtracting Dissimilar Rational Algebraic Expressions

In adding or subtracting dissimilar rational expressions, change the rational

algebraic expressions into similar rational algebraic expressions using the least
common denominator or LCD and proceed as in adding similar fractions.
5 2
Illustrative example 3: Find the sum of and .
18𝑎4𝑏 27𝑎3𝑏2𝑐

5
2 5 2 Express the denominators as
18𝑎4𝑏 + 27𝑎3𝑏2𝑐 = (32)(2)𝑎4𝑏 + (33)𝑎3𝑏2𝑐
prime factors.
5 2
LCD of and Denominators of the rational
18𝑎4𝑏 27𝑎3𝑏2𝑐 algebraic expressions

(32)(2)𝑎4𝑏 and (33)𝑎3𝑏2𝑐 Take the factors of the

denominators. When the same
The LCD is (33)(2)𝑎4𝑏2𝑐 factor is present in more than
one denimonator, take the factor
with the highest exponent. The
5 3𝑏𝑐 2 2𝑎
= (32)(2)𝑎4𝑏 ∙ 3𝑏𝑐 + ∙ 2𝑎 product of these factors is the
(33)𝑎3𝑏2𝑐
LCD.
(5)(3)𝑏𝑐 (22)𝑎
= (33)(2)𝑎4𝑏2𝑐 + (33)(2)𝑎4𝑏2𝑐 Find a number equivalent to 1
15𝑏𝑐 that should be multiplied to the
= 54𝑎4𝑏2𝑐 + 54𝑎4𝑎
4𝑏2𝑐 rational algebraic expressions so
that the denominators are the
15𝑏𝑐+4𝑎
= 54𝑎4𝑏2𝑐 same with the LCD.
2𝑥 3𝑥−6
Illustrative example 4: Find the sum of and .
𝑥2+4𝑥+3 𝑥2+5𝑥+6
2𝑥
3𝑥−6 2𝑥 3𝑥−6
+ = +
𝑥2+4𝑥+3 𝑥2+5𝑥+6 (𝑥+3)(𝑥+1) (𝑥+3)(𝑥+2)

2𝑥 3𝑥−6
2𝑥 3𝑥−6 = (𝑥+3)(𝑥+1) ∙ (𝑥+2) (𝑥+1)
LCD of 2
𝑥 +4𝑥+3
and 2
𝑥 +5𝑥+6
(𝑥+2) + (𝑥+3)(𝑥+2) ∙ (𝑥+1)
2𝑥(𝑥+2)
(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 1) and (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 2) = (𝑥+3)(𝑥+1)(𝑥+2) + (𝑥+3)(𝑥+2)(𝑥+1)
3𝑥−6(𝑥+1)

The LCD is (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2)

2𝑥2+4𝑥
= 𝑥3+6𝑥2+11𝑥+6 3𝑥2−3𝑥−6
+ 𝑥3+6𝑥2+11𝑥+6
2𝑥2+4𝑥+3𝑥2−3𝑥−6
= 𝑥3+6𝑥2+11𝑥+6

14
 2𝑥2+3𝑥2+4𝑥−3𝑥−6
= 𝑥3+6𝑥2+11𝑥+6

5𝑥2+𝑥−6
= 𝑥3+6𝑥2+11𝑥+6

15
 What’s More

Activity 3: Let’s add and subtract this!

Simplify the rational algebraic expression.

𝑥+8 3𝑥−2
1. +
𝑥2−4𝑥−4 𝑥2−4

What’s New

For you to learn more about Adding and Subtracting Dissimilar Rational
Algebraic Expression, just click the link
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KGVwaUhR-s.

What I Have Learned

Activity 4: Generalization

How do you add and subtract similar and dissimilar rational algebraic
expressions?

What I Can do

Activity 5: Let’s do this!

Add and Subrtact the following rational expressions. Show all your solutions.
2 2 4 7𝑥−7 𝑥+2
1. − + 2. +
4𝑥 8𝑥 𝑥2 3𝑥+6 3𝑥+2

16
 Lesson
Complex Rational Algebraic
4 Expressions

What’s In

In the previous lessons, you had learned on how to multiply, divide, add and
subtract rational algebraic expressions. A rational algebraic expression is said to be
in its simplest form when the numerator and denominator are polynomials with no
common factors other than 1. You need all the concepts learned previously to
simplify complex rational expressions.

What I Need to Know

If the numerator or denominator, or both numerator and denominator of a

rational algebraic expression is also a rational algebraic expression, it is called a
complex rational algebraic expression. Simplifying complex rational expressions is
transforming it into a simple rational expression.

What’s New
Activity 1: Let’s Simplify!
Perform the operation on the following fractions.
3 1 1 5
5+5 2+4
1. 2.
4 1 4 2
− −
7 7 3 3

17
 What Is It

Activity 1 shows how to solve complex frations. Just like in number 1,

3 1 4
+
55
5 = First combine the numerator and
denominator by adding or subtracting.
4 1 3
−
7 7 7
4
5 =4 ÷ Rewrite the complex fraction as a division
33 problem.
5
7 Rewrite the division as multiplication, using
7 the reciprocal of the divisor.
4 7
= 5∙3 Multiply and simplify as needed.
28
= 15

3
5+51
Answer
4 1
7−7
= 1528

A complex rational expression is a quotient with rational expressions in the

dividend, divisor, or in both. Simplify these in the exact same way as you would a
complex fraction.
2 3
𝑎− 𝑏
Illustrative example 1: Simplify5 6
+
.
𝑏 𝑎2
2 3 2𝑏 3𝑎
− ( ∙ )− ( ∙ )
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎𝑏 𝑏𝑎
5 6 = 5 𝑎2 6𝑏
𝑏 +𝑎2
൬ ∙ 2 ൰ + ( 2∙ )
𝑏𝑎 𝑎𝑏
2𝑏൰ 3𝑎
= ൬ 𝑎𝑏 − ൬𝑎𝑏 ൰
5𝑎2 6𝑏
ቇ+
ቆ
ቆ 𝑏 ቇ
𝑎2𝑏 𝑎2
2𝑏−3𝑎
𝑎𝑏
= 5𝑎2+6𝑏
𝑎2𝑏
2𝑏−3𝑎 5𝑎2+6𝑏
= ÷
𝑎𝑏 𝑎2 𝑏
2𝑏−3𝑎 𝑎2𝑏
=
𝑎𝑏
∙ 2
5𝑎 +6𝑏
2𝑏−3𝑎
= (𝑎)(𝑎) 𝑏
𝑎𝑏 ∙ 5𝑎2+6𝑏

2𝑏−3𝑎 𝑎
= 1 ∙ 5𝑎2+6𝑏
18
 2𝑎𝑏−3𝑎2
= 5𝑎2+6𝑏

19
 𝑐 𝑐
Illustrative example 2: Simplify −
𝑐2−4 𝑐−2
1
.
1+ 𝑐+2

𝑐 𝑐 𝑐 𝑐
− −
𝑐2−4 𝑐−2 (𝑐−2)(𝑐+2) 𝑐−2
=
1 1
1+ 𝑐+2 1+ 𝑐+2
𝑐 − 𝑐 ∙(𝑐+2)
(𝑐−2)(𝑐+2) 𝑐−2 (𝑐+2)
=
1∙(𝑐+2) +1
(𝑐+2) 𝑐+2
𝑐 − 𝑐(𝑐+2)
(𝑐−2)(𝑐+2) (𝑐−2)(𝑐+2)
= (𝑐+2) 1
+
(𝑐+2) 𝑐+2
𝑐 𝑐2+2𝑐
(𝑐−2)(𝑐+2) − (𝑐−2)(𝑐+2)
=
(𝑐+2)+ 1
(𝑐+2) 𝑐+2
𝑐−(𝑐2+2𝑐)
(𝑐−2)(𝑐+2)
=
𝑐+2+1
𝑐+2

−𝑐2−𝑐
(𝑐−2)(𝑐+2)
=
𝑐+3
𝑐+2
−𝑐2−𝑐 𝑐+3
= (𝑐−2)(𝑐+2)
÷ 𝑐+2
−𝑐2−𝑐
𝑐+2
= ∙
(𝑐−2)(𝑐+2) 𝑐+3

−𝑐2−𝑐
=
(𝑐−2)(𝑐+3)

−𝑐2−𝑐
= 2
𝑐 +𝑐−6

Complex rational expressions are quotients with rational expressions in the

divisor, dividend, or both. When written in fractional form, they appear to be fractions
within a fraction. These can be simplified by first treating the quotient as a division
problem. Then you can rewrite the division as multiplication using the reciprocal of
the divisor. Or you can simplify the complex rational expression by multiplying both
the numerator and denominator by a denominator common to all rational expressions
within the complex expression. This can help simplify the complex expression even
faster.

20
 What’s More

Activity 2: Let’s solve this!

Solve following rational algebraic expressions.

1 1 𝑥−𝑦 𝑦
𝑥 −𝑦 𝑥+𝑦 − 𝑥
1. 1 1 2. 𝑥 𝑥−𝑦
+ +
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑦 𝑥+𝑦

What’s New

For you to learn more about Complex Rational Algebraic Expression, just
click the link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ifDEetTq8bM.

What I Have Learned

Activity 3: Generalization

How to solve complex rational algebraic expressions?

What I Can do

Activity 4: Let’s do this!

Simplify the complex rational algebraic expressions.

𝑢+2 2 𝑥 2
4
−3 2 – 𝑥2
1. 𝑢+2 2. 𝑥−4
𝑥2

21
 Lesson
Application on Rational
5 Algebraic Expressions

What’s In

In the previous lessons, the discussion is all about operations on rational

algebraic expressions. How much of your initial ideas were discussed? Which ideas
are different and need revision? The skills in performing the operations on rational
algebraic expressions is one of the key concepts in solving rate-related problems.

What I Need to Know

Rational expressions can be useful tools for representing real life situations
and for finding answers to real problems. In particular, they are quite good for
describing distance-speed-time questions, and modeling multi-person work
problems.

What’s New

Activity 1: Let’s Find my Formula!

Work problems often ask us to calculate how long it will take different people
working at different speeds to finish a task. The algebraic models of such situations
often involve rational equations derived from the work formula, W = rt. The amount
of work done (W) is the product of the rate of work (r) and the time spent working (t).

Write the 3 versions of work formula:

1. 2. 3.

22
 What Is It

Some work problems have multiple machines or people working on a project

together for the same amount of time but at different rates. In that case, we can add
their individual work rates together to get a total work rate. Let’s look at an example:

Illustrative example 1:
Myra takes 2 hours to plant 500 flower bulbs. Francis takes 3 hours to plant
450 flower bulbs. Working together, how long should it take them to plant 1500
bulbs?

Solution:
500 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑏𝑠
Myra: = 250 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑏𝑠 Think about how many bulbs each
2 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 person can plant in one hour. This is
their planting rate.
450 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑏𝑠 150 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑏𝑠
Francis:
ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟
=
3 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
Myra and Francis together: Combine their hourly rates to
250+150 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑏𝑠 400 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑏𝑠 determine the rate they work toether.
ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 = ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟
Use one of the work formulas to write
400 1500 a rational equation, for example
1 = 𝑡
𝑟 = . We know r, the combined
𝑊
𝑡
work rate, and we know W, the
amount of work that must be done.
What we don’t know is how much
time it will take to do the required
work at the designated rate.

400
Solve the equation by multiplying
1500
∙ 1𝑡 = ∙ 1𝑡 both sides by the common
1 𝑡 denominator, then isolating t.

400𝑡 = 1500

𝑡 = 1500 15
400 = 4

3
𝑡 = 3 4 hours / 3 hours and 45 minutes

Answer:
It takes 3 hours and 45 minutes for Myra and Francis to plant 1500 flower
bulbs together.
23
Illustrative example 2:
One pipe can fill a pool 1.5 times faster than a second pipe. If both pipes are
open, the pool can be filled in 6 hours. If only the slower pipe is open, how long
would it take to fill the pool?

Solution:
𝑊
𝑟 = Find the rates of each pipe alone and
𝑡 the two working together.

Work = 1 pool filled

1
𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 =𝑝 Hours needed for fast pipe to fill pool: p

1 Hours needed for slow pipe to fill pool

=
𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒
1.5𝑝 alone: 1.5p

𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 + 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 =1 Hours needed for both pipes together: 6
6
Write an equation that shows that the
1 1 1 amount of work completed by both
𝑝 + 1.5𝑝 = 6 pipes in one hour is equal to the sum of
the work of each pipe.

Solve for p. One way to do this is to

1
1 6 4 1 𝑝 rewrite the rational expressions using a
𝑝 ∙ 6 + 1.5𝑝 ∙4 =6 ∙𝑝 common denominator.
6 14
6𝑝 + 6𝑝 = 𝑝6𝑝 Commom denominator of p, 1.5p and 6
is 6p.

6+4=𝑝
𝑝 = 10 hours

10 ∙ 1.5 = 15 hours Slow pipe takes 1.5p hours to do the

work alone.
Answer:
The slower pipe will take 15 hours to fill the pool alone.

What’s More

Activity 2: Let’s solve this!

24
 Jamie, Pria and Paul can paint a room together in 2 hours. If Pria does the job
alone she can paint the room in 5 hours. If Paul works alone, he can paint the room
in 6 hours. If Jamie works alone, how long would it take her to paint the room?

What’s New

For you to learn more about on Application of Rational Algebraic Expression,

just click the link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gD7A1LA4jO8.

What I Have Learned

Activity 3: Generalization

How important Rational Algebraic Expressions in solving rate-related

problems?

What I Can do

Activity 4: Let’s do this!

Solve the problem and show your solution:

Tanya and Cam can each wash a car and vacuum its interior in 2 hours. Pat
needs 3 hours to do this same job by himself. If Pat, Cam and Tanya work together,
how long will it take them to clean a car?

Summary
Now that you have completed this module, let us summarize what have you learned:
1. Rate-related problems can be modeled using rational algebraic
expressions.
2. To multiply rational algebraic expressions, multiply the numerator and the
denominator, then simplify.

25
 3. To divide rational algebraic expressions, multiply the dividend by the
reciprocal of the divisor, then multiply.
4. To add/subtract similar rational algebraic expressions, add/subtract the
numerators, and copy the common denominator.
5. To add/subtract dissimilar rational algebraic expressions, express each
with similar denominator, then add/subtract the numerators and copy the
common denominator.
6. A complex rational algebraic expression is an expression where the
numerator or denominator, or both the numerator and the denominator,
are rational algebraic expressions.

Assessment: (Post-Test)

For exercises 1-3, multiply or divide. Write each answer in lowest terms.
9(𝑥+𝑦) 10 2 90
1. ∙ a. 3(𝑥 + 𝑦)2 b. c. 3 d.
5 6(𝑥+𝑦) 3 30(𝑥+𝑦)

𝑥2+7𝑥+10 3𝑥+15 (𝑥+2) 3(𝑥+2) (𝑥+2)

2. ÷ a. b. c. d. 3
𝑦2+2𝑦−15 3𝑦+15 (𝑦−3) (𝑦−3) 3(𝑦−3)

𝑎2−𝑏2 4
3. (𝑎+𝑏)
2𝑎−2𝑏 ∙
8 a. b.4 c. d. 8
𝑎+𝑏 𝑎+𝑏 4

For exercises 4-7, add or subtract. Write each answer in lowest terms.
3𝑦+9 4𝑦+9 4𝑦+7
4. a. b. c. 16 d. 4
𝑦+4 +
𝑦+7 𝑦+4 𝑦+4
𝑦+4
𝑎+2 11𝑎+1 15−𝑎 3𝑎+8 5−𝑎
5. − 3−2𝑎
a. b. c. d.
3𝑎−9 5𝑎−15 15(𝑎−3) 15(𝑎−3) 15(𝑎−3) 8(𝑎−3)

3𝑥+2 𝑥+1 2𝑥+3 2𝑥+3 2𝑥+1

6. 𝑥−1 a. b. c. d.
4𝑥−5 + 5−4𝑥 4𝑥−5 4𝑥−5 4𝑥−5 4𝑥−5
𝑟−1 𝑟−2 2 2
7. − a. 0 b. 1 c. d.
𝑟2+𝑟−2 𝑟2−4 𝑟+1 (𝑟+2)(𝑟+1)

For exercises 8-9, simplify the complex fraction.

3−𝑥
9 9+3𝑥 2 5 9+3𝑥
8. a. b. c. d.
9−𝑥2 2 9+3𝑥 9+3𝑥 5
15

26
 𝑥
9 −𝑦
b. 𝑥−𝑦 d. 𝑥−9𝑦
9. 2
𝑥 a.( − 𝑦) c. −1
𝑦− 𝑥 9 𝑥+𝑦 𝑥+9𝑦
9

For exercises 10, solve the problem.

10. It takes Brad 2 hours to mow his lawn. It takes Kris 3 hours to mow the same
lawn. At the same pace, how long would it take them to mow the lawn if they
do the job together?

5
a. 21 hours b. 1 hours c. 1 hours d. hours
1 1 6
2 5 6

27
28
References
Rational Equations PreTest.pdf, Accesed June 17, 2020,
https://www.dunkerton.k12.ia.us/vimages/shared/vnews/stories/52125dc587852/Rational%20
Equations%20PreTest.pdf

Mike Estela, ChiliMath, Accessed june 17, 2020

https://www.chilimath.com/lessons/advanced-algebra/multiplying-rational-expressions/

The Organic Chemistry Tutor, Multiplying Rational Expressions, January 23, 2018,
Accessed, june 17, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RROSgr4oXjU

Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions, Accessed on June 17, 2020

http://www.montereyinstitute.org/courses/Algebra1/COURSE_TEXT_RESOURCE/U11_L1
_T2_text_final.html

Devideratexp, Accessed June 18, 2020

https://www.lavc.edu/math/library/math113_114_115/Worksheets/divideratexp.pdf

The Organic Chemistry Tutor, Dividing Rational Expressions, January 23, 2018,
Accessed, june 17, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rMVOdIDNjpA

The Organic Chemistry Tutor, Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions with the
same Denominators, January 23, 2018, Accessed, june 17, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WWwG2uh4OUE

The Organic Chemistry Tutor, Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions with the
same Denominators, January 23, 2018, Accessed, june 17, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KGVwaUhR-s

Mike Estela, ChiliMath, Accessed june 17, 2020

https://www.chilimath.com/lessons/advanced-algebra/adding-subtracting-
rational- expressions/

Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions, Accessed on June 17, 2020

http://www.montereyinstitute.org/courses/DevelopmentalMath/COURSE_TEXT2_RESOUR
CE/U15_L1_T3_text_final.html

Complex Rational Expressions, Accessed on June 17, 2020

http://www.montereyinstitute.org/courses/DevelopmentalMath/COURSE_TEXT2_RESOUR
CE/U15_L1_T4_text_final.html

The Organic Chemistry Tutor, SimplifyingComplex Rational Expressions, January 23,

2018, Accessed, june 17, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ifDEetTq8bM

Kuta Software LLC., 6.4 Complex Rational Expressions (worksheet) v1 20130117,

2013, Accessed June 18, 2020
https://d2ct263enury6r.cloudfront.net/Bd6Db9EzFRbECrATWL0xOOgwve7tUoBwnLxBZZ
ncMokBsvLD.pdf

29
Applying Rational Equations, Accessed on June 17, 2020
https://www.montereyinstitute.org/courses/Algebra1/COURSE_TEXT_RESOURCE/U11_L2
_T2_text_final.html#:~:text=Rational%20expressions%20and%20rational%20equations,mod
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Khan Academy, Applying rational equations, Nov 25, 2010, Accessed, june 17, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gD7A1LA4jO8

Learners Materials Mathematics Grade 8

30
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City
Brgy. 23, National Highway, Gingoog City
Telefax: 088 -328-0108/088328-0118
E-mail Address: gingoog.city@deped.gov.ph

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