Industry Report

A
INTERNSHIP
ON
“To study Bridges, retaining wall, Pipe culverts, Various types of roads,
Buildings and Various development works in Public Work Division (PWD),
Amravati”
SUBMITTED BY
PRATHAMESH. N. SONPARATE
B. TECH 4TH YEAR
SUBMITTED TO
In the partial fulfillment of the
Requirement for the award Degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
THROUGH
Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute (VJTI), Mumbai.

(An Autonomous Institute of Government of Maharashtra)
2020-24
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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the internship report on titled “To study Bridges,
retaining wall, Pipe culverts, Various types of roads, Buildings and
Various development works in Public Work Division (PWD), Amravati”
Submitted By
PRATHAMESH. N. SONPARATE
BTECH 4TH YEAR
In fulfillment of the condition for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
Date: - / /2023 Prof. VIKAS VAREKAR
Place: - Mumbai Guide
Dr. A.S. WAVYAL

HEAD OF DEPARTMENT,
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING,
VEERMATA JIJABAI TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE,
AMRAVATI.
2021 – 2024
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DECLARATION
I the undersigned, hereby declare that the industry internship titled “To study
Bridges, retaining wall, Pipe culverts, Various types of roads, Buildings and Various
development works in Public Work Division (PWD), Amravati” is an original piece
of research work carried out by me under the guidance and supervision of Prof. Vikas
Varekar. The information has been collected from genuine & authentic sources. The
work has been submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement of MHRD to
Amravati University.
Date: - / /2023 Prathamesh N. Sonparate
Place: - Amravati Final Year
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INTERNSHIP CERTIFICATE
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STATEMENT OF CANDIDATE
I am currently a final-year student at the Veermata Jijabai Technological

Institute, Mumbai pursuing a B. TECH in Civil and Environmental
Engineering and will graduate in the summer of 2024.
My long-term career goal is to become a successful engineer so that I can

conduct research that will help solve environmental problems. I have the
skills and knowledge needed to pursue this goal thanks to my academic
training. My experience has given me the opportunity to apply these skills
and develop important research skills.
This internship will provide me with valuable experience working on a real-

world research project. I will work with experienced engineers and learn
about the departmental process. This experience will be essential as I
continue my career in research.
The internship is also relevant to my academic goals. I am interested in

Structural engineering because I want to understand how we can develop
buildings with new techniques. This internship will allow me to learn about
environmental issues and contribute to research that will help solve these
problems. I am excited to have the opportunity to intern with the PWD and
contribute to important research that will help protect our society.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I welcome this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude and hearted

thanks to my respected guide Dr. Vikas Varekar despite of his busy schedule
provided me necessary encouragement from time to time during the entire course of
my work
I also appreciate the support from the head of the department Dr. A.S. WAVYAL,
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mumbai.
I am grateful to all those who have directly or indirectly have been a help for the
completion of this internship work.
Date: - / /2023 Prathamesh N. Sonparate
Place: - Mumbai BTECH 4th year
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Titles Page

No No
1 Cover page 1
2 Certificate 2
3 Declaration 3
4 Internship Certificate 4
5 Statement of Candidate 5
6 Acknowledgement 6
7 Introduction To Public Works Department (PWD) 8-18
8 Construction of Retaining Wall on SH 296 at Anjangaon Bari and Road 19-39

Widening.
9 Bridge Construction at Masod Village in taluka Amravati of Amravati 40-67

District.
10 Pipe Culvert at Pimpalkutha Village, Taluka, district Amravati. 68-93
12 Construction of Central Administrative Building, Amravati District. 94-106
13 Construction of New Collector Office, Amravati 107-122
14 Construction of Sabhagruha and parking facilities at Kondeshwar, 123-130

Amravati District
15 Conclusion 131
16 References 132-134
17 End 135
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INTRODUCTION
Public Works Department is engaged in planning, designing,

construction and maintenance of government assets in the field of built
environment and infrastructure development. The Public Works
Department was a government department that was responsible for
buildings, roads, irrigation and railways. Public Works in India, such as the
construction of roads, water tank, etc. was originally conducted by the
military. It is headed by the Director General (DG) who is also the
Principal Technical Advisor to the Government of India. The regions and
sub-regions are headed by Special DGs and Additional DGs respectively,
while the zones in all state capitals (except a few) are headed by Chief
Engineers.
Public Works Department has a glorious history in the state of over

150 years. It is mainly entrusted with the construction and maintenance of
roads, bridges, and government buildings. The department also acts as the
technical
advisor to the State Government. Initially, the works pertaining to Irrigation,
Roads, and Bridges as well as constructions cum maintenance of Public
Buildings were entrusted to this department. In the year 1960 a separate
"State of Maharashtra" came into existence and thereafter this department
by way of reorganization divided into two distinct Departments viz.
Irrigation Department & Building and Communication Department. In the
year 1980, the housing function was looked after by yet another separate
Department and existing Public Works Department continued to get
established.
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PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT OF GOVT. OF
MAHARASHTRA PRIMARILY EXECUTES THE FOLLOWING
DIFFERENT VIVID DEVELOPMENT WORKS.
 Construction of New Roads & Bridges.
 Maintenance and repairs of existing Roads and Bridges.
 Construction of Govt. buildings.
 Maintenance and Repairs of existing Govt. buildings.
 Undertaking Deposit Contribution works relating to different

Departments of Govt. of Maharashtra as well as of other Local Bodies
 Resettlement works due to Natural calamities like flood, earthquakes etc.
 Construction of Road’s under Employment Guarantee Scheme.
 Construction of Helipads for Very Important Person’s visits wherever

required.
 Fixation of rent of Private premises requisitioned for housing Govt. offices.

 Designs, construction, maintenance and repairs of runway relating to
the Aviation Department.
 Development of Parks and Gardens in the vicinity of important Public
Buildings and landscaping of grounds in order to transform into a
garden
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 Reservation of Govt. Rest Houses and Circuit Houses.
 To undertake auction sale of fruit trees along the roadsides.
 To permit construction of approaches on both sides of roads to the
private individual, other institutions, factories, Petrol Pumps etc.
 To allow irrigation drains, electricity lines, telephone duct cables etc.
along and across the roads.
 To evacuate the encroachment coming along the roadsides
 The issue of certificates periodically to Cinema Houses about the stability
of structures/arrangement related to electrical fittings conforming to
Cinema Regulation Act.
 Issues of certificate for lift operating in Private Buildings.
 To lease out the Govt. land for Exhibition/Circus or other purposes etc.
temporarily.
 Plantation of trees along both sides of the road.
GENERAL ORGANISATIONAL SET UP OF DEPARTMENT.
In order to ensure timely and effective completion of P.W. D’s work.

Public Works Department has evolved a specific set up in which following
wings/departments viz. Civil/Electrical/Mechanical/Architectural/ Parks
Gardens works together. The control of the operations of these wings’ vests
in "Govt. of Maharashtra" and at Govt. level this control is exercised by the
Minister (Public Works) and Minister of State (Public Works) and they are
assisted by Secretary (Works) and Secretary (Roads).
At field level the wings as mentioned here under work together to accelerate
the execution of the works: -
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1 The Civil Constructions Wing:
The Maharashtra State is divided into six Regions i.e.,

Mumbai/Nagpur/Pune/Aurangabad/Nasik/Amravati and a Chief Engineer
for each Region exercises the control. In addition to this two Chief Engineers
are posted to Mumbai. Chief Engineer Special Projects looks after the
execution of expressway works and flyovers in Mumbai and Chief Engineer
National Highway looks after the Mumbai Ahmedabad National Highway
work. In every region superintending Engineer / Executive Engineers /
Deputy Engineers / Sectional Engineers are executing the works under the
control of their Chief Engineer as per necessity.
2. Electrical Wing:
This Wing is headed by the Chief Engineer (Electrical) Mumbai who controls
the Superintending Engineers stationed at Bombay /Pune /Nagpur and
Aurangabad. The Executive Engineers/Deputy Engineers/Sectional Engineers
are deployed under each Superintending Engineer according to necessity.
3. Mechanical Wing:
This Wing is headed by the Chief Engineer (Mechanical) and under his control
Superintending Engineers /Executive Engineers / Deputy Engineers
/Sectional Engineers are deployed according to requirement. The
upkeep/New Purchase, maintenance Repairs of machinery is looked after by
this Wing.
4. Architectural Wing:
This Wing is headed by the Chief Architect, Mumbai under whom, at Regional
level Deputy chief Architect works. This wing looks after the architectural
aspects and sorting out the architectural problems for buildings.
5. Parks and Gardens Wing:

The Superintendent Parks and Garden Maharashtra State, Mumbai head this
Wing. This Wing looks after the developments of gardens in the vicinity of
Govt. buildings and other Government premises.
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ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE COLLECTED
FROM PWD OFFICE
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CHAPTER 2: - EQUIPMENTS
The Company owns wide range of machinery and equipment's some of them are
listed below:
JCB MACHINE
APPROXIMATE COST: 30 lakhs Rs.
SPECIFICATION:
• Engine Type: water cooled eco MAX turbo charged engine

• Maximum Power: 68.6 KW, 2200 RPM
• HP Range: 92
• Maximum Torque: 400 NM
1250 RPM
SPECIFIC USE: JCB range of Excavators is the best-in-class, which includes

a wide array of large, mid & mini-Excavators in the range of 3 – 38 tones. The
range of Excavators has been designed to carry out various industrial
applications like construction, infrastructure, mining, and roads etc.
ROUTINE MAINTENANCE: 4001/0800 JCB Engine Oil Special 15 MAX. 10
Hrs. 400 Hrs. 400 Hrs. First oil change 100 Hrs. / 30 days* and then every 400
Hrs./90 days*. Engine Oil Filter 4R 1040 400 Hrs. First oil change 100 Hrs. /
30 days* and then every 400 Hrs./90 days* and Oil filter change in 100 hrs.
TRANSIT MIXER
APPROXIMATE COST: Rs. 33.98 Lakh - 34.98 Lakh
SPECIFICATION:
• Water Tank Capacity - 600 Liters.

• Water Pump Capacity - 400 Liters. / Min. At 3.5 Bar Pressure.
• Drum Width (Maximum) - 2300 mm
• Drum (Material of Construction) - ST-52
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SPECIFIC USE: Transit mixer is a piece of equipment that is used for
transporting concrete/ mortar or ready-mix material from a concrete
batching plant directly to the site where it is to be utilized.
ROUTINE MAINTENANCE: Clean lubricating system, change lubricants,

check and adjust transmission belt, control device, valve clearance and
fastenings condition, etc. Clean the mixer. You can clean it with a water hose
to wash away cement before there is any concrete buildup. In case there is
any concrete buildup, you have to use the pressure washer. You need to keep
the motor clean; By keeping the motor clean, you will make sure it performs
the best. You have to grease the parts and pulley of your mixer. It will prevent
damage from friction.
This extends the lifespan of your device and ensures it performs the best it
means, have a regular check according to the specification.
DUMP TRUCK
APPROXIMATE COST: Rs.18 lakh - 21.43 lakh
SPECIFICATION:
• GVW - 28000 kg
• Max. Power - 206 kW @ 2200 r/min
• Max. Torque - 1050 Nm @ 1200-1700 r/min
SPECIFIC USE: A dump truck, known also as a dumping truck, dump trailer,
dumper trailer, is used for transporting materials (such as dirt, gravel, or
demolition waste) for construction as well as coal.
ROUTINE MAINTENANCE: The interior cleaning of dumpers is as

important as exterior. Routinely Change the Engine Oil and Filter. Clean oil
lubricates and protects your truck's engine. Check Your Other Fluid Levels.
Rotate Your Tires. Clean the Exterior. Get Your Truck Inspected.
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ROAD ROLLER APPROXIMATE COST: Rs. ₹1.25
Lakh to ₹31 Lakh SPECIFICATION:
• Operating weight (with ROPS) 8,000 kg

• Engine S-4(I)/RB-33 – 41.5/37.5 BHP. at 1500 RPM
• Vibration frequency 36/50 hertz.
• Fuel tank capacity – 150 liters (including spare tank)
• Overall length 4,880 mm
SPECIFIC USE: A road roller is a compactor type engineering vehicle, which

is used to compact soil, gravel, concrete, or asphalt in the construction of
roads and foundations. Also, road rollers are used in landfills and agriculture.
ROUTINE MAINTENANCE: Scheduling a routine check-up for your road

roller can keep it running properly. The least you can do is to check the
engine oil of your road roller. Keep the Drum Clean & Lubricated. Monitor
Drum Scrapers. Check Air Filter.
CONCRETE PAVER MACHINE

APPROXIMATE COST: Rs 5,50,000
SPECIFICATION:
• Prime Mover: Engine 32 Hp @ 1500 Rpm.

• Drive Tube Speed: 0-80 Rpm.
• Strike Tupe speed: 0-400 Rpm.
• Hydraulic Tank Capacity: 58
• Fuel Tank Capacity: 45 Liter.
SPECIFIC USE: A paver (road paver finisher, asphalt finisher, road paving
machine) is a piece of construction equipment used to lay asphalt on roads,
bridges, parking lots and other such places. It lays the asphalt flat and
provides minor compaction before it is compacted by a roller.
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ROUTINE MAINTENANCE: Repair of surface failures. Repair of complete
slab failures by concrete replacement. Repair of buckled pavement. Repair of
sunken slabs by patching or mud jacking.
Preventive maintenance by sealing joints and cracks.
RAMMERS
APPROXIMATE COST: 59,000 Rs
SPECIFICATION:
• Minimum working weight 1360 kg
• Impact rate (frequency) 430 - 790 bpm
• Operating pressure 2030 - 2320 psi
• Oil flow range 120 - 180 l/min
SPECIFIC USE: Rammers are most often used in construction, road and
paving works, and wherever there is a need for strong soil compaction. The
principle of operation seems to be very simple; however, in the case of the
latest generation equipment, advanced drive and safety systems are behind
everything.
ROUTINE MAINTENANCE: The main problem contractors face with

rammers is engine failures, so check their fuel levels and engine oil regularly.
Tighten all hardware, including ramming shoe hardware, engine cylinder
screws, and any external hardware. Check vibrator oil 2 months.
Daily. Make routine visual checks to make sure everything is sound and in
place Weekly: these checks should be made every week or every 25 working
hours.
Annually: Care of plate compactors.
ROAD MARKING MACHINE

APPROXIMATE COST: Rs 47,000.
SPECIFICATION:
• Thermoplastic Paint Tank Capacity - 100KG, 200KG or Customized

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• Marking Speed - 500-1200 m/h
• Application Area -highway, urban street, parking lots
• Marking speed – 50mm to 500mm or customized
SPECIFIC USE: They can be used to delineate traffic lanes, inform motorists
and pedestrians or serve as noise generators when run across a road, or
attempt to wake a sleeping driver when installed in the shoulders of a road.
Road surface marking can also indicate regulation for parking and stopping.
ROUTINE MAINTENANCE: Clean the paint bucket after a day's work,

regularly add greasing and lubricating oil to the bearings and other rotating
parts. Clean the high-pressure coating pumps and pipes. Pump in a small
amount of machine oil after cleaning. Replace the hydraulic oil every 2,000
working hours; if the hydraulic oil turns dark, replace it immediately. Replace
the machine oil after the first month or 200 working hours for the first time.
And then replace the oil every 6 months or 1000 working hours. Clean the air
filter, spark plug, precipitation cup every 6 months or 1000 working hours.
DUMPY LEVEL AND STAFF

APPROXIMATE COST: Rs12, 350
SPECIFIC USE: The dumpy level is an optical instrument used for surveying
and levelling operations. It comprises of a telescope tube, firmly held between
two collars and adjusting screws. Relative elevation of survey points on the
land can be determined through the dumpy level.
ROUTINE MAINTENANCE: Be sure to take good care of the tripod that the
dumpy level sits on. Keep your equipment dry. Moisture can blur the lens
from the inside and cause other damage. clean by closing them even when
they are empty to avoid scratches. When your dumpy levelling is done, be sure
to put it back safely into its container.
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INTERNSHIP REPORT ON PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT
ACTIVITIES AND PROCESSES
PROJECT NO: - 1
CONSTRUCTION OF RETAINING WALL AND IMPROVEMENT TO SH 296 BADNERA

ANJANGAON BARI PARDI MALKHED ROAD IN KM 0/00 TO 0/00 TO 2/00, 2/200 TO
5/400 & 6/700 TO 15/400 IN DIST. AMRAVATI.
Construction Site Details
o Project head - Public Works division, Amravati

o Site Location- SH 296, Anjangaon Bari Road.
o Project cost – 17 crores.
• Purpose of Project: -
At Anjangaon Bari the height of existing rigid pavement
i.e., the height of embankment was more than 3m. So, there were more chances
of road accident, also there was demand from MLAs and people residing over
there. Another problem was of more surface runoff. This project was also
proposed for the provision of side drains.
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SECTION OF RETAINING WALL
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Structural Details of Retaining Wall: -
• Laying of PCC i.e., Plain cement concrete: -

The mixture of cement, fine aggregate (sand) and coarse aggregate are generally
called plain cement concrete (PCC). Before starting any R.C.C or masonry work
directly on the excavated soil, PCC is done to form a levelled surface and to avoid
laying concrete on soil directly so as to avoid mixing/ with soil and also to prevent
soil extracting water from PCC thereby weakening it.
Ready Mix Concrete of M10 Grade was used for laying of PCC bed for foundation.
• Specifications for Plain Cement Concrete (PCC)
Cement:
Portland Pozzolana cement (P.P.C) is normally used for Plain cement concrete.
It should conform to the specifications and tests.
Sand:
Sand to be used for concrete work should be clean, well graded, hard, strong,
durable, and should meet the requirements specified for its use.
Aggregate:
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Aggregate shall be of an inert material and should be clean, dense, hard, Sound,
Durable, Non-absorbent and capable of developing a good bond with mortar.
Coarse Aggregate:
The size of the aggregate used for PCC varies from 10-12 mm to 40 mm depending
on where they are to be used.
If the size of the aggregate is more, it results in the reduction of cement
consumption.
Coarse aggregate shall be clean and free from elongated, flaky or laminated pieces.
It should be free from adhering coat, clay lump, coal residue, clinkers, slag, alkali,
mica, organic matter or other substances
Coarse aggregate shall be of hard broken stone of granite or similar stone, which is
free from dust, dirt and other foreign matters. The smaller size of the stone is 6.3
mm. All the course material should be retained in a 6.3 mm square mesh and should
be well graded such that the void does not exceed 42%.
Fine Aggregate:
Fine aggregate shall be of coarse sand consisting of hard, sharp and angular grains
and shall pass through a screen of 4.75mm square mesh.
Sand for PCC work shall be clean and free from dust, dirt and organic matter or
based on standard specifications. Never used sea sand in foundation work.
Water:
Water shall be clean and free from alkaline and substances should be suitable for
drinking purposes.
Hand Mixing:
Mixing should be done on a masonry platform or sheet iron tray
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Machine Mixing:
Stone ballast, sand and cement shall be poured/ mixed in a concrete mixer to
maintain the required proportions. Machine mixing is always preferred, but under
unavoidable circumstances, hand mixing can be done but all quality check needs to
be assured.
Slump:
For maintaining the required consistency and control the addition of water, the
slump test should be carried out regularly. A slump of 7.5cm to 10cm may be
allowed for foundation work.
Formwork:
Formwork centering and shuttering shall be provided as per the standard
specification before laying concrete to confine to support or to keep the concrete in
position. To prevent sticking of concrete, the inner surface of shuttering shall be
oiled.
Curing Method:
• After two hours of laying of concrete, when the concrete has begun to harden, it
shall be kept damp by covering with wet gunny bags for 24 hours.
• After 24 hours of placing PCC, keep the concrete surface moist by flooding with
water or by covering with moist gunny bags.
• Curing of PCC may be done by either pouring water with buckets or with pipes.
• Curing should be carried out for a minimum 14 days.
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1.Reinforcement and Concreting of Raft: -
• The Thickness of Raft is 0.45m, Width of the raft is 3.3m and the
overall Length of retaining wall is 300m on both sides of road.
• As per design of retaining wall, the diameter of main steel used is
16mm and provided with a spacing of 150mm Centre to Centre.
• Distribution Bars were provided for overall length of 300m having
diameter of 10mm with Centre to Centre spacing of 200mm.
• Quantity of Steel used for stem was 200kg/cum and total concreting
of stem was 588 cum.
• So, total steel used in stem is 117.6 MT.
• 50mm clear cover of concrete is provided from bottom, top and
side.
• M20 Grade of concrete was used for concreting of raft which has
ratio 1:1.5:3, with the water-cement ratio being kept between 0.4
and 0.6. It is composed of a mixture of cement, sand (fine
aggregates), and coarse aggregate.
• RCC work for the construction of a building, structural members like

compressive members footing, foundation, and column and flexural
members like beam and slab, M20 grade of concrete are utilised as
the minimum nominal mix of concrete.
• Grade M20 concrete has qualities that increase compressive
strength in 28 days after casting and adequate curing, where M
stands for concrete mix design and 20 is a numerical value. Their
value or compressive strength parameters are 20 N/mm2.
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Reinforcing of Main Steel and Distribution Steel of Raft
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Concreting of Raft
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3. Reinforcement and Concreting of Stem: -
• As per the design of retaining wall as the section of stem is tapered

section, bottom width of section is 0.45 and top width of section is
0.275m.
• Section is designed such that there is provision of cantilever CC drain
in it.
• Average height was 3m.
• For height above h/3, 12mm diameter steel bars are used as main
steel with
centre to centre spacing of 200mm.
• Distribution Steel above height of h/3 is used of diameter 10mm
having spacing of 200mm centre to centre.
• For height of h/3 from bottom, 16mm diameter steel bars are used
as main steel
• Bottom spacing for 16mm diameter bars is 150mm and above it
spacing is increased to 200mm.
• Quantity of Steel used for stem was 150kg/cum and total concreting
of stem was 735 cum.
• So, total steel used in stem is 110.25 MT.
• M20 Grade of concrete was used for concreting of raft which has
ratio 1:1.5:3, with the water-cement ratio being kept between 0.4
and 0.6. It is composed of a mixture of cement, sand (fine
aggregates), and coarse aggregate.
• Height of the Stem above Ground level is 3m and below ground level
is 1.15m.
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4.Provision of Weep Holes: -

• Weep holes at the base of retaining walls are intended to bleed off
excess moisture that collects behind the wall.
• Due to rise of water table, the pore pressure develops and it
causes excessive hydrostatic pressure on the wall.
• To reduce the development of excessive lateral pressure, weep
holes are provided.
• So, there is provision of weep holes of 100mm diameter PVC pipes
as per the design of retaining wall.
• These weep holes are provided at a distance of 1.5m
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5.) Provision of Expansion Joints: -
• Expansion Joints are provided in structure if length of concrete exceeds

more than 45m.
• Vertical expansion joints are incorporated into the wall to account for
expansion due to temperature changes.
• These joints may be filled with flexible joint fillers. Greased steel dowels
are often cast horizontally into the wall to tie adjacent sections together.
• Expansion joints are located at intervals up to 12m.
expansion joints
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Backfilling: -
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PROJECT NO. 2
BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION AT MASOD VILLAGE i.e., R.C.C. SOLID SLAB
TALUKA. DISTRICT. AMRAVATI
Construction Site Details: -

o Site Location- Masod, Mardi village, district Amravati.
o Project cost – Rs. 30,00,000.00
This bridge is proposed to connect Masod village
road to Mardi village road as there was no structure connecting these
two villages.
• Foundation Details: -
Being Hard Strata Available at shallow depth

with soil bearing capacity of 20T/sqm. So, the levelling course of
M10 (15cm) thick for bed concrete was proposed.
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Introduction of Structure
• A bridge is a structure built to span a physical obstacle (such as a body of

water, valley, road, or railway) without blocking the way underneath.
• It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle,

which is usually something that is otherwise difficult or impossible to cross.
• There are many different designs of bridges, each serving a particular

purpose and applicable to different situations.
• Designs of bridges vary depending on factors such as the function of the

bridge, the nature of the terrain where the bridge is constructed and
anchored, and the material used to make it, and the funds available to build
it.
• The estimated life of bridges varies between 25 and 80 years depending on

location and material. However, bridges may age hundred years with proper
maintenance and rehabilitation. Bridge maintenance consisting of a
combination of structural health monitoring and testing.
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SECTION OF BRIDGE
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1.) Excavation: -
A.Excavation from 0 – 1.5m: -
Excavation for foundation in earth, soil of all

types, sand, gravel and soft murum, including removing the excavated material
up to a distance of 50m. beyond the building area and stacking and spreading.
B. Excavation from 1.5m –3m: -
Excavation for foundation in hard murum and

boulders including removing the excavated material up to a distance 50 metres,
beyond the building area and stacking and spreading.
C. Excavation from 3m – 4.5m: -
Excavation for foundation in Soft rock and old

cement or lime masonry foundations including removing the excavated material
upto a distance of 50 metres beyond the building area and stacking.
2.) Components of Structure: -

a. Footing
b. Abutments
c. Abutment Cap
d. Dirt Wall
e. Riding Return
f. Solid Returns
g. RCC Slab
h. Inscribing Stones
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3) Laying of PCC Bed: -
The mixture of cement, fine aggregate (sand) and coarse aggregate are
generally called plain cement concrete (PCC). Before starting any R.C.C or
masonry work directly on the excavated soil, PCC is done to form a levelled
surface and to avoid laying concrete on soil directly so as to avoid mixing/
with soil and also to prevent soil extracting water from PCC thereby
weakening it.
In PCC (plain cement concrete) we use M10 grade of concrete. Here

reinforcement is not provided.
M10 mix have ratio of 1:3:6 = cement: sand: aggregate with required water
cement ratio (say 0.60) and the strength achieved after 28 days of curing
is 10N/mm2
M10 generally used for levelling course and also as bedding for footing etc.
Here M10 PCC bed was provided for two abutments and four solid returns.
As the width of carriageway is 8.25m, depth of bed to be provided is 0.4m and

width of bed is 1.8m respectively, the quantity of concrete required was used.
For provision of four solid returns, separate PCC bed was provided
Length: - 4.3m
Width: - 3.3m3
Height: - 0.3m
Corresponding quantity of concrete was used for laying of PCC bed for four
solid returns.
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1.) M15 for Abutments, Riding Return, Solid Returns and

Inscribing Stones
1st Lift of Concrete: -
• M15 grade of concrete was laid for first lift of abutment wall
from top level of the footing to neck level of abutment.
• Offset of 0.3m was left from both sides of abutment wall
from the edge of PCC bed of each abutment.
• Slope of 1:1 was provided for front batter for the first lift of
concrete for abutment wall up to neck level.
• This process was repeated for both abutment walls.
• M15 concrete has cement: sand: aggregate in a ratio
1:2:4 respectively.
• Here the M stands for mix and 15 stands for 15N/mm2
characteristic compressive strength of the concrete in
28 days.
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2nd Lift of Concrete: -
• M15 grade of concrete was laid for second lift of abutment

wall from top of the neck level to the bottom of the abutment
cap
• This part of abutment wall has two faces i.e., Front batter
and Back batter.
• Both the batter has different slopes with respect to front and
back face.
• As per the Design Circle of P.W.D., Government of
Maharashtra for the Road Bridges with span of 5m center to
center of piers and Carriageway width 12m the slopes values
are stated in it.
Sr. no. Span in m Height in Top Front Back Width of

m Width Batter Batter footing
1: n1 1: n2
1 5m 2.3m 0.75m 1:6 1:8 1.83m
• To achieve the slope of front batter i.e.,1:6 corresponding

horizontal distance to be moved from edge of footing was
calculated.
1 x 1 x
• = = x=0.233m
𝑛1 1.4 6 1.4
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1
1.4m 6
x=0.233m
• To achieve the slope of Back Batter i.e., 1:8 corresponding horizontal distance
to be moved from edge of the footing was calculated.
1 x 1 x
• = = x=0.175m
𝑛1 1.4 8 1.4
1
6
1. 4m
x=0.175m
• Same process was repeated for the concreting of second Abutment
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Figures: - Abutment Concreting
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2.) Steel Reinforcement and Concreting of Abutment cap and

Dirt Wall
• Following is the Steel reinforcing used for Abutment Cap and Dirt
Wall.
• 1584 kg of steel was used for 12.00 m as per SEDC DRW.
• As per the Design Circle of P.W.D., Government of Maharashtra for
the Road Bridges, Steel bars that should be used for this
corresponding road bridge for the dirt wall and abutment cap is as
follows: -
Schedule of Reinforcement Used
Bar Spacing Length NOS. Total Weight

Diameter (mm) (mm) Length (m) (kg)
(mm)
10 300 3125 34 106.25 65.51
Figure: - Reinforcement of
Abutment Cap and Dirt Wall
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Front View
Side View
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Concreting of Dirt Wall

• Once the steel reinforcement was over, then there was
concreting of abutment cap for both the abutments. Grade of
concrete used was M15. Then successively the concreting of dirt
wall was completed for both the abutments.
• Total concrete used for the Abutment was 57.6 cum.
• As per the Design Circle, the quantity of concrete that should be
used for per span of bridge 25.17 cum.
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6) Supplying hard murum/ kankar at the road site, including

conveying and stacking complete.
• Ones the concreting of abutment cap was completed, then there

was supplying of hard murum.
• As there are four solid returns provided in this structure, three of
them has same configuration and remaining one has different.
• Length, width and depth of solid returns being 3m,1.65m and
3.20m respectively were casted accordingly.
• One solid return was provided for a length of 10m and width and
depth being 1.65m, 3.20m respectively.
• Return wall is provided at the end of a culvert perpendicular to the
culvert direction to ensure that water which comes with a high
velocity is returned back to the stream or river so that it won’t
affect the banks near the culvert.
• So, in between these solid returns, there was supplying of hard
murum/ kankar.
• Similarly, there was supplying for approaches, abutments and
returns.
• For the completion of the side width of road, there was additional
supply of hard murum, soft murum and gravel.
• Hence it was followed by Compacting the hard murum side widths
including laying in layers on each side with vibratory roller
including artificial watering etc. and completing it.
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7) Construction of granular subbase for Approaches: -
• The GSB material shall be crushed stone aggregate free from organic
and other deleterious constituents or natural river bed material having
proper gradation.
• The material shall have four days of soaked CBR of a minimum of
30%. spread in layers of uniform thickness of 200 mm compacted
thickness for new flexible pavement, and 150 mm compacted thickness
for Service Roads and rigid pavement. A grader shall be used for this
activity.
• The moisture content of the material should have OMC +1.0% or –
2.0%; if not, either a mixing or drying process must be adopted. Water
can be added to raise the moisture content to the required limits. After
spraying water with the browser, the material shall be properly mixed
to obtain a homogeneous mix. The mixing can continue with the help
of a grader. The grader shall then carry out the final well-defined
grading.
• Compaction of Granular Sub Base shall start immediately after
achieving the required moisture content.
• The compaction shall be done with a vibratory compactor.
• The surface of GSB layer shall have a suitable cross fall to enable
efficient surface drainage.
• Depth of granular sub base provided is 150mm.
• For this structure two approaches were provided as per the site
condition.
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8) Construction of WBM for Approaches: -

It consists of raw materials like
clean and crushed aggregates, screening and binding materials
The aggregates are mechanically interlocked by rolling and the screenings
and binding materials, are used to fill the voids in the aggregates. All the
materials are mixed with water.
The mixture of such materials is laid on a well-prepared subgrade, sub-

base, or on existing road pavement. Water bound macadam can be used as a
sub-base, base course, or surface course. The thickness of each layer in
WBM road ranges between 7.5 cm to 10 cm.
1. Preparing the foundation for receiving the WBM course: -
The foundation supporting the layer of WBM is either the subgrade or sub-
base course. It is prepared to the required grade and camber. It is cleaned of
all the dust particles and loose materials present on it. The foundation,
supporting the WBM, should be dried.
2. Spreading coarse aggregates
The aggregates should be evenly and uniformly spread on the prepared

base in the required amount. They may be spread manually or mechanically
3. Rolling
Once the aggregates are spread evenly, the rollers are deployed to carry out
the process of compaction. The rollers used shall be of 6 to 10 tonnes
capacity. The compaction of aggregates should start from the edge of the
surface. The aggregates are compacted partially then the compaction is
paused to permit the application of screenings
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5. Application of screenings
After partial compaction of aggregates, screenings are applied so that the

voids in the aggregates are filled completely. They are applied gradually
over the surface in three or more applications. Again, after applying
screenings, dry rolling is resumed so that they are completely filled in the
voids.
6. Sprinkling and grouting
The surface is sprinkled with water after applying the screenings. The
surface is then swept and rolled so that the voids are completely filled. If any
voids are left empty, additional screenings may be applied.
8) RCC Slab Reinforcement and its Concreting: -
Schedule of Reinforcement: -
• Minimum Clear cover to Reinforcement is 40mm.
• Grade of steel used is Fe 415.
• Bar Bending Schedule is based on minimum bearing width of
375mm on both sides.
• Depth of the RCC slab is 450mm.
• Length and Width of slab is 10m and 5m respectively.
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• Following is the steel reinforcement used for RCC slab
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Section at A-A
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Plan showing Reinforcement Details of Deck Slab
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• Concreting of Deck slab was followed after the reinforcement

work was finished.
• M25 Grade of concrete was used for the slab casting.
• M25 ratio is the proportion in which the concrete is mixed to
develop the characteristic compressive strength of 25 MPa or
N/mm2. It denotes the amount of stress that the concrete can
withstand before cracking or shearing.
• This compressive strength is measured after 28 days of curing
by testing through a 15 cm x 15 cm x 15 cm cube.
• Concrete mainly composed of cement, sand & aggregate in
which aggregate mainly responsible for strength whereas
cement & sand responsible for binding of total volume and sand
acts as filler materials which fill voids present between mix.
• The mix ratio of M25 grade concrete is 1:1:2, consisting of 1
part cement, 1 parts sand (fine aggregate) and 2 parts aggregate
(gravel).
• As per the design requirement and specifications of RCC slab
22.5 cum was used.
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PROJECT NO. 3
Pipe Culvert at Pimpalkutha Village, Taluka, district
Amravati.
Construction Site Details: -

o Site Location- Pimpalkutha Village, Taluka, District
o Project cost – Rs. 15,00,000.00
Slab Drain of Span 8 meter and 5 meters.
Were proposed on this location as the width of the nalla gauge were
8 & 5 meter respectively but due to less availability of funds Hume
pipe culvert was constructed so that the purposed of the villagers was
achieved.
• Foundation Details: -
Being Hard Strata Available at
shallow depth with soil bearing capacity of 20T/sqm. So, the
levelling course of M10 (15cm) thick for bed concrete was proposed.
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Introduction of Structure
Meaning of Culvert: -
• A small bridge may be of 3 to 4 spans with the length of span not more
than 3 m is known as culvert.
• In case of highway where culverts are constructed to cross the small
distributary etc., the span length may be about 4.5 m.
• Similarly, in case of railway track the maximum span length can be
about 6 m and should not exceed this limit.
• The culvert mainly consists of abutment, wingwalls, arches or desk
slab, parapet and foundation.
• Floor pitching from inside the culvert in the bed of drain may or may
not be provided, it depends on the soil condition and flow velocity of
the stream water.
Pipe Culverts: -
• The pipe culverts are used for very small drainage works, passing
through the embankment of road or railway.
• It consists of one or more pipes placed side by side each other.
• The pipes are generally made of steel, R.C.C., cast iron etc.
• To retain the pipes and embankment at their proper position against the
action of spring water etc., they are laid with masonry work in the form
of arches at both the ends.
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• Sometimes, it is also performed by stone pitching. In the case, when

height of embankment is more than 6 m over the pipe then an extra
care is needed.
• In this condition, there should be given a proper cushion, all-round.
• The cushion should not be less than half of the diameter of the pipe
with a maximum 45 cm at the top.
Hume Pipe: -
• A Hume pipe is a concrete tube with reinforced bar. It was invented by
the Hume brothers in Australia in 1910.
• A hume pipe is formed by pouring concrete into a formwork, and axially
rotating it, and allowing it to compact using centrifugal force.
• A hume pipe can withstand internal and external pressure well, and is
primarily used for sewer pipes, agricultural waterways, and residential
construction.
• Anti-bacterial concrete is commonly used in hume pipes.
• Class
Light duty- NP2, Medium Duty- NP3, Heavy Duty- NP4
• Density
Optimum water cement ratio and High density.
• Length
2 & 2.5 meter and as per requirement
• Diameter Of RCC Hume Pipe
80, 100, 150. 200, 225, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800,
900, 1000,1100, 1200, 1400, 1600 & 1800.
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Section of HPC at Pimpalkutha
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1)Excavation: -
A. Excavation from 0 – 1.5m: -

Excavation for foundation in earth, soils
of all types, sand, gravel, soft murum including shoring and strutting,
dewatering as necessary and disposing off excavated stuff as directed
etc. complete.
For two Walls: - L -7.30m, B-1.50m, H- 0.40m
B. Excavation from 1.5m –3m: -

Excavation for foundation in hard
murum including shoring and strutting, dewatering as necessary and
disposing off excavated stuff
Both for four wing walls and two wall: - L -5.80m, B- 1.40m, H-0.5m
C. Excavation from 3m – 4.5m: -

Excavation for foundation in soft
rock including shoring and strutting, dewatering as necessary and
disposing off excavated stuff
Both for wing walls and Walls and their specifications are one and the
same as mentioned above.
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1.) Provision of 80mm with 0.15m Thick Soling: -
• Soling is the process of arranging or hand packing of

rubble stones or bricks one adjacent to another, to provide a
cushion and a stable strong subbase to the foundation and
footing, before concreting work.
• Rubble soling or boulder soling is done to enhance or to

increase the bearing capacity of the soil, where hard strata is
not available.
• Generally, basalt, granite, or locally available hard stones

are used for soling purpose.
• The process of hand packing the rubble stones over the earth
surface or on the sand bed is called as rubble soling
2.) Laying of PCC Bed: -

The mixture of cement, fine
aggregate (sand) and coarse aggregate are generally called plain
cement concrete (PCC).
• Before starting any R.C.C or masonry work directly on the

excavated soil, PCC is done to form a levelled surface and to
avoid laying concrete on soil directly so as to avoid mixing/ with
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soil and also to prevent soil extracting water from PCC thereby
weakening it.
• In PCC (plain cement concrete) we use M10 grade of

concrete. Here reinforcement is not provided.
• M10 mix have ratio of 1:3:6 = cement: sand: aggregate with

required water cement ratio (say 0.60) and the strength achieved
after 28 days of curing is 10N/mm2.
• For this structure M10 PCC bed was laid.
• PCC bed was laid for different components. They are
1) For the head wall having length of 7m, width of 1.5m and
depth of 0.15m.
2) For 4 wing walls with its length of 5.80m, width of 1.4m and
depth of 0.15m
3) For rigid pavement over pipe culvert having length of 7m,
width of 6m and depth of 0.10 m.
4) Rigid Pavement for the approach road having length of 8m,
width of 5m and depth of 0.10m.
5) In between the pipe having length of 6m, width of 1.2m and
having depth of 0.08m.
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3) Formwork Preparation and Concreting 1st lift for Head

Walls.
• M20 Grade of Concrete was used for concreting of 4 wing walls

and 2 head walls.
• For a depth of 0.5 m, first lift of concreting was done.
• As per the design of wall, section of wall is tapered so average
width of wall was considered for the purpose of calculating the
quantity of concrete to be used.
• As bottom width is 1.2m, so for depth of 0.6m the corresponding
top width was calculated by interpolation.
• Top width for first lift was 1.2m.
• Same procedure was repeated for the second head wall.
• With this slope of 1:3 was also maintained for both the head walls.
• Total concrete to be used for the head walls is as follows: -
No of Head L B H Quantity
Walls
2 7 (0.45+1.2)/2 2.20 25.410 cum

0.83
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4) Laying cement concrete pipe: -
Introduction: -
• Concrete pipe is a rigid pipe having very good strength and high
longevity.
• They are suitable for various loading conditions
• Concrete pipes are structures made of concrete and steel which is a
combination of properties that allows a designer to specify any level of
strength required in a project.
• The manufacturing of precast concrete pipes takes place at a controlled
factory setting with rigid production standards and quality control
requirements.
Types of RCC pipes: -
• Hume pipes are available in three grades NP2, NP3, and NP4.
• The major difference between NP2, NP3, and NP4 RCC pipes is the load-
bearing quality and flow.
• NP 2 RCC pipes are used for low duty load.
• NP 3 RCC pipes are used for medium-duty load.
• NP 4 RCC pipes are used for heavy-duty load.
• Instead of the thickness, these are differentiated on the basis of grades and
reinforcement.
• On the basis of shape and size, different types of RCC pipes are collar joint
type, Spigot and Socket type pipe
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• As per the design, cement concrete pipe of IS 458:2003 NP-3 class of

1000mm in diameter with proper line, level and slope was provided.
• Total four NP-3 class were provided as per the site condition and
requirements.
• Length of each pipe was 7.5m and its quantity is measured in running
meters and so for total of 4 pipes it was 30 running meters
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Plan and Section
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Reasons to Choose Concrete Pipe: -
Strength
Precast concrete pipe is the strongest pipe available. It can be designed and
plant tested to resist any load required. Unlike flexible pipe, it has minimal
reliance on installation to support loads; it relies primarily on its inherent
brute strength manufactured into the pipe.
Resilience
As the strongest pipe available, precast concrete pipe is designed and tested
to resist any load required. With the ability to withstand almost any disaster,
concrete pipe is the most product in its class and it will not burn, rust, tear,
buckle, deflect, and it’s immune to the attack of most elements, whether the
pipe is buried or exposed. Projects that use concrete pipe can prepare and
plan to absorb, recover from, or more successfully adapt to adverse events.
Dependability
Concrete pipe’s long-term performance is proven, not theoretical. Innovation
has made concrete pipe more reliable and dependable than ever. This
innovation includes improvements to concrete mixes, pipe design,
manufacturing processes and more.
Structure & Conduit

Concrete pipe is a rigid pipe that provides both structure and conduit when it
arrives on site. Unlike flexible alternatives, concrete pipe has little
dependence on the surrounding soil for its structural performance.
Disaster-Resilient
Concrete pipe will not burn, corrode prematurely, or collapse under loads
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designed into the pipe structure. In heavy rainfall or catastrophic flooding

situations, concrete’s density keeps pipes in place against upward, buoyant
forces. When concrete pipe is under roadways, evacuation routes remain
safe.
Life-Cycle Cost
Concrete pipe has lower installed costs, less ongoing maintenance, and
reduced likelihood of future problems. This adds up to a lower total cost over
the life cycle of your project. That’s the definition of real value.
Environmentally Friendly
Concrete is produced with benign, natural materials. What’s more,
manufacturing of concrete consumes less energy than fabrication of
alternative pipes. It is also recyclable and has little if any environmental
impact. Because it’s a local resource, concrete can provide lower fuel cost
for delivery.
Lower-Risk Installation
Concrete’s strength facilitates successful installation. This lessens the
liability on the owner, engineer, and contractor. When proper installation is
specified and inspected, concrete pipe has the lowest installed cost and risk,
compared to alternative products.
Design / Construction Flexibility

Precast concrete pipe provides strength and flexibility to ensure the success
of your most demanding applications. Pipes are manufactured with a variety
of sizes, shapes, joints, and seal options. Plus, an array of linings and
coatings can handle the most aggressive environment.
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Joint Performance
Concrete pipe offers the design engineer several different joint types,
depending on the application, to meet the utmost demanding project
specifications. Soil-tight, water-tight, and pressure-rated joints can be
designed to meet different sealing requirements.
Hydraulic Performance
Precast concrete pipe’s rigidity and mass allow it to greatly outperform
flexible pipe systems in this critical area, which in turn helps to improve
hydraulic efficiency by minimizing the resistance to water flow that often
occurs when the shape or integrity of a flexible pipe is compromised.
5) Formwork Preparation and Concreting 2nd lift for Head

Walls.
• M20 Grade of Concrete was used for concreting of 4 wing walls and 2
head walls.
• For a depth of 0.7m, second lift of concreting was done.
• As per the design of wall, section of wall is tapered so average width
of wall was considered for the purpose of calculating the quantity of
concrete to be used.
• As bottom width is 1.2m, so for overall depth of 2.2m the
corresponding top width is 0.45m.
• Same procedure was repeated for the second head wall.
• With this slope of 1:3 was also maintained for both the head walls.
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6) Concreting of Wing Wall: -
Purpose of a Wing Wall in A Culvert
• Culvert wing walls are a type of headwall consisting of concrete

slabs or steel plates that extend from a culvert opening on an angle.
• They’re best for maximizing erosion control and have footings or
aprons for effective results.
• Wing walls are also quick and easy to install, extending from a
bridge and box culvert opening as a retaining wall for nearby terrain.
• Wing walls primarily reside near streams, ponds, and other waterway
systems to support roadways, railways, and bridges.
• wingwall units are used at both the inlet and outlet of a pipe system
in both culvert and storm-water applications.
• The natural flow path of water upstream is wider than the culvert /
pipe structure.
• Transition sections are therefore required in order to receive and
direct the flow of upstream water through the culvert / pipe.
• The same transition elements are required at the downstream end of
the culvert / pipe to return the flow of water to the natural width of
the stream.
• Our efficient design ensures maximum hydraulic flow performance
at both the inlet and outlet of culverts structures.
• The angle of wingwalls to headwalls, coupled with the sloping base,
ensures that the incoming water flows effortlessly through the
structure, limiting debris build up in the corners.
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• There are four wing walls provided in this structure.

• Two wing walls were provided at upstream side whereas other two
were provided at the downstream side.
• Provision of wing walls were as per the site condition.
• Each wing wall has a length of 5.5m, width of 0.725m and height of
2.2m respectively.
• Total quantity of concrete used for wing wall is 35.090 cum.
How Do Wing Walls and Headwalls Work Together?
• Headwalls consist of precast concrete or steel structures with a bottom

and wings to help soil deflect water.
• Headwalls primarily reside near streams, ponds, and other waterway
systems to support roadways, railways, and bridges.
• They anchor the culvert to prevent dangerous or unwanted movement
from soil and hydraulic pressure.
• Headwalls and wing walls work together by improving the flow of a
conduit.
• They also secure the ends of bridge sections and box culverts.
• Culvert headwalls and wing walls help stabilize inlet soil conditions
while improving upstream hydraulics.
• By maximizing flow performance for inlet and outlet culvert structures,
they also help create functional, permanent designs.
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8) Supplying hard murum/ kankar and Soling at the road site: -
• Then hard murum was supplied in between the cement concrete pipes
and also for the approaches on both sides of culvert.
• It was supplied below the rigid pavement having span of 7m in length
and 6m in width.
• It was also provided for approaches which has a span of 8m by 6m.
• Hard murum was supplied for a total depth of 0.3m both for rigid
pavement and approaches.
• Total of 36 cum of hard murum was used for this purpose.
• Then there was provision of soling using 80 mm size trap metal in 15
cm. layer including filling voids with Crushed sand/grit, ramming,
watering etc.
9) Provision of Cushioning
• What is Cushion?
Cushion is a layer of earth crust between pipe and road crust which is
provided when there is a gap between existing ground and proposed
road crust.
• Minimum Cushion above Pipe.

There should be a minimum cushion of 600 mm. According to cushion
height, there are some additional requirements which should be
fulfilled. If cushion is between 600 mm and 4 meters, then cradle on
both side of pipe should be provided.
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If cushion is between 4 meters and 8 meters then granular material

should be filled around the pipes.
In case cushion is between 0 and 600 mm, then pipe should be provided
with encasing.
Cushioning is provided for uniform distribution of load coming on pipe

culvert from rigid pavement due to vehicular traffic.
10)Provision of Rigid Pavement with Steel Reinforcement and

its Concreting: -
• 0.497 MT of steel was used for slab reinforcement.
• This quantity was used both for the slab and approaches.
• Depth of RCC slab provided was 120mm.
• M20 Grade of concrete was used for the slab casting.
• M25 ratio is the proportion in which the concrete is mixed to develop
the characteristic compressive strength of 20 MPa or N/mm2. It denotes
the amount of stress that the concrete can withstand before cracking or
shearing.
• This compressive strength is measured after 28 days of curing by testing
through a 15 cm x 15 cm x 15 cm cube.
• Concrete mainly composed of cement, sand & aggregate in which
aggregate mainly responsible for strength whereas cement & sand
responsible for binding of total volume and sand acts as filler materials
which fill voids present between mix.
• M 20 is the grade of concrete which ratio is 1 ratio 1.5 ratio 3, one is
cement and 1.5 is sand and 3 is aggregate.
• As per the design requirement and specifications of RCC slab 14.64 cum
was used.
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PROJECT NO. 4
NEW COLLECTOR OFFICE, AMRAVATI
Construction site details: -

 Location of site: - Besides Existing Office, Amravati.
 Type of building: - Public building.
Building details
 New collector building is 4 store building.

 Floor to floor height will be approximately 14feet 4.62M)
 Total built-up area of the building is 3629.32 Sq.m
 Out of which, built up area of floor of that building are as follows;
 Ground floor: 1326.42 sqm
 First floor: 1326.42 sqm
 Second floor: 1354.12 sqm
 Third floor: 1382.00 sqm
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➢ Graphical details of building:-

Floor plans of new collector building are as follows;
Ground Floor Plan. First Floor Plan.
➢ Departmental details: -
On the floors of building various departments are provided in building;
On ground floor and first floor of new collector building various departments
are provided such as,
Ground Floor First Floor
➢ R.T.I.\ Online R.T.I.
Dept. ➢ Freedom fighter
➢ Setu dept ➢ mukhyamantri shayata
➢ Employment guarantee ➢ divani daave
scheme dept ➢ complaint
➢ B.M.S. ➢ mining dept
➢ Inward \Outward dept ➢ district revenue
➢ Prapatra dept ➢ supply dept
➢ E.P.B.X. dept
➢ Naazar
➢ Abhilekh ghar
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➢ Creche room
➢ Library
➢ Backup room
Likewise on second floor and third floor various departments also provided,
Second Floor Third Floor

➢ N.I.C. ➢ Natural disaster
➢ Water scarcity management
➢ Sandarbha dept ➢ Establishment
➢ Accounts ➢ Minority dept
➢ Criminal branch ➢ District rehabilitation
➢ R.D.C. ➢ Entertainment tax
➢ S.G.Y. branch
➢ Democracy day dept ➢ Vaccination dept
➢ Farmer’s suicide dept ➢ Vidhi dept
➢ R.R.C. ➢ A.U.P.K.-02
➢ Meeting hall ➢ A.U.P.K-04
➢ Election \gram panchayat
election
❖ Details of facilities in building: -

➢ Toilet Block
➢ Open spaces
➢ Fire escape Stair case
➢ Lift
➢ Fire Fighting
Above are some of the various facilities are provided for officials as
well as for public.
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❖ Structural details of building: -

In structural details, various members of building such as
1. Footing
2. Column
3. Beam
4. Staircase, etc.
1. Footing details: -
We observed the isolated footing type for this building.
This footing has a size of,
Size A Size B
Length-1.80M Length-1.80M
Breadth-1.80M Breadth-1.80M
Depth-1.05M Depth-0.45M
2. Column Details: -
We have seen the various shapes of column using in the collector
building such as Circular column, rectangular column, square column.
All kinds of column having the isolated type of footing with the grade
of concrete of M-25.
We observed 7 different sizes of column with their respective height.
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Size of column
3. Beam Details: -
We have seen the beams at various levels in building such as Plinth
beam, Lintel beam, Floor beam.
All kinds of column having the isolated type of footing with the grade of
concrete of M-25.
4. Staircase details: -
Dog legged staircase is provided in this building.
Open well system staircase is also provided.
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4 number of staircase is provided in this building.

 Waist slab= 200 mm thick
 Landing width =2000 mm wide
 Trade=300 mm
 Riser= 150 mm
 RCC details of staircase: -

a. 16mm diameter bars is used as a main steel.
b. 10 mm diameter bars are used in staircase as a distribution steel.
5. Other details: -
A. Waterproofing details: -
Koba brick structure:

Koba brick structure is the type of structure in which laying of half
brick is applied to the whole slab, after applying the brick slab apply
the mortar paste.
This type of flooring is provided to give a slope to a flat roof.
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B. Firefighting system: -
In case of fire accident, the inbuilt system in building which
fights against the fire and results the less damage to the building.
Following are the causes for fire accident;
1. Electrical problems
2. Smoking materials
3. Human error
4. Combustible dust
5. Arson
6. Heating equipment
7. Poor housekeeping
8. Mechanical friction
9. Flammable liquids and gases
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Construction of Central Administrative Building, Amravati

District
➢ Construction site details: -
 Site name: - Proposed construction of new administrative building at Amravati.

 Location of site: - Infront of shri Sanskritic bhavan, Amravati.
 Type of building: - Public building.
Building details: -
After studying the drawing of new administrative building, we get the following
things: -
 New administrative building is 2 stored building.

 Floor to floor height will be approximately 14 feet (4.62M)
 Total built-up area of the building is 3629.32 Sq.m
 Out of which, first floor having an area of 1827.6 Sq m. and second floor having
1801.65 Sq.m of area.
Departmental details: -
On both the floors of building various departments are provided in building;
On ground floor of new administrative building various departments are provided such
as,
➢ Stamp office.
➢ Tahsil Office.
➢ Lok Adalat.
➢ Meter room
➢ Revenue Office.
➢ S.D\ Tehsildar...
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➢ Revenue setu office.

➢ Taluka Inspector of Land Records.
Likewise on ground floor, various departments also provided on first floor as,
➢ Auditorium
➢ Waiting Lobby
➢ V.C.R.
➢ Green Room
➢ Computer Room
➢ Taluka Agri. Office
➢ Regional Forest Office
➢ VIP Room
➢ Co.Op.Dept.
➢ Sub Register office.
Details of facilities in building: -

 Toilet Block
 Refreshment
 Stair case
 Ramp
 Lift
 Fire Fighting
Above are some of the various facilities are provided for officials as well as for
public.
 Structural details of building: -

In structural details, various members of building such as
5. Footing
6. Column
7. Beam
8. Staircase, etc.
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6. Footing details: -
We observed the isolated footing type for this building.
This footing has a size of
Size A Size B
Length-1.80M Length-1.80M
Breadth-1.80M Breadth-1.80M
Depth-1.05M Depth-0.45M
7. Column Details: -
We have seen the various shapes of column using in the administrative
building such as Circular column, rectangular column, square column.
All kinds of column having the isolated type of footing with the grade of concrete
of M-25.
Size of column
8. Beam Details: -
We have seen the beams at various levels in building such as Plinth beam,
Lintel beam, Floor beam.
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All kinds of column having the isolated type of footing with the grade of concrete of
M-25.
9. Staircase details: -
Dog legged staircase is provided in this building.
4 no. of staircase is provided in this building.
 Waist slab= 200 mm thick
 Landing width =2000 mm wide
 Trade=300 mm
 Riser= 150 mm
 RCC details of staircase: -

c. 16mm diameter bars is used as a main steel.
d. 10 mm diameter bars are used in staircase as a distribution steel.
10.Other details: -
C. Waterproofing details: -
Koba brick structure:
Koba brick structure is the type of structure in which laying of half brick is
applied to the whole slab, after applying the brick slab apply the mortar paste.
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This type of flooring is provided to give a slope to an flat roof.
Construction Site Pics
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FOOTING DETAILS
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BEAM DESIGN SCHEDULE
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COLUMN DETAILS
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Construction of Sabhagruha and parking facilities at

Kondeshwar, Amravati District.
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Conclusion
In conclusion, my internship experience at Public Works Division was invaluable.

Through it, I gained valuable skills in customer service & problem-solving, as
well as a better understanding of the different aspects of a business. The
knowledge I have acquired will benefit me in my future endeavors. During
training period, a lot of experience, knowledge and exposure that I have handy.
All disclosures were awakened myself in a boost of self-confidence to face life
more challenging now. Practical is a complement to the science or theory
learned. This is clearly the concept of science and charity, where they have
learned without practice will be lost and will not give anything - what effect. So,
if we do without the knowledge of course there will be problems in terms of grip
and stance ever - changing.
During my industrial training, there are many changes from the point of learning
environments and discussion among colleagues. It can directly increase the
dedication and rational attitude toward myself.
However, there are still some weaknesses that can be improved in the future.
Therefore, I conclude that the industrial training program has provided many
benefits to students even if there are minor flaws that are somewhat disfiguring
condition, so that this weakness can be rectified in the future.
All in all, this internship was a fantastic opportunity to gain hands-on experience
and hone my skills on field. I am grateful for all the lessons & experiences I have
gained during my time at PWD, which I can now confidently apply to any future
roles.
PWD has been an incredibly rewarding & enriching experience. During my

internship, I developed my technical skills & understand the operations of a
successful business. I have also made some lasting connections that will be of
great value in my professional life. Overall, I have learned so much from this
experience, which will benefit me immensely in the future.
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References
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A

B. TECH 4TH YEAR

In the partial fulfillment of the

Requirement for the award Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute (VJTI), Mumbai.

BTECH 4TH YEAR

In fulfillment of the condition for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

Date: - / /2023 Prof. VIKAS VAREKAR

Place: - Mumbai Guide

Dr. A.S. WAVYAL

Date: - / /2023 Prathamesh N. Sonparate

Place: - Amravati Final Year

I am currently a final-year student at the Veermata Jijabai Technological

My long-term career goal is to become a successful engineer so that I can

This internship will provide me with valuable experience working on a real-

The internship is also relevant to my academic goals. I am interested in

I welcome this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude and hearted

Date: - / /2023 Prathamesh N. Sonparate

Place: - Mumbai BTECH 4th year

Chapter Titles Page

7 Introduction To Public Works Department (PWD) 8-18

8 Construction of Retaining Wall on SH 296 at Anjangaon Bari and Road 19-39

9 Bridge Construction at Masod Village in taluka Amravati of Amravati 40-67

14 Construction of Sabhagruha and parking facilities at Kondeshwar, 123-130

Public Works Department is engaged in planning, designing,

Public Works Department has a glorious history in the state of over

 Maintenance and repairs of existing Roads and Bridges.

 Construction of Govt. buildings.

 Maintenance and Repairs of existing Govt. buildings.

 Undertaking Deposit Contribution works relating to different

 Resettlement works due to Natural calamities like flood, earthquakes etc.

 Construction of Road’s under Employment Guarantee Scheme.

 Construction of Helipads for Very Important Person’s visits wherever

 Fixation of rent of Private premises requisitioned for housing Govt. offices.

GENERAL ORGANISATIONAL SET UP OF DEPARTMENT.

In order to ensure timely and effective completion of P.W. D’s work.

The Maharashtra State is divided into six Regions i.e.,

5. Parks and Gardens Wing:

• Engine Type: water cooled eco MAX turbo charged engine

SPECIFIC USE: JCB range of Excavators is the best-in-class, which includes

ROUTINE MAINTENANCE: 4001/0800 JCB Engine Oil Special 15 MAX. 10

• Water Tank Capacity - 600 Liters.

ROUTINE MAINTENANCE: Clean lubricating system, change lubricants,

ROUTINE MAINTENANCE: The interior cleaning of dumpers is as

• Operating weight (with ROPS) 8,000 kg

SPECIFIC USE: A road roller is a compactor type engineering vehicle, which

ROUTINE MAINTENANCE: Scheduling a routine check-up for your road

CONCRETE PAVER MACHINE

• Prime Mover: Engine 32 Hp @ 1500 Rpm.

ROUTINE MAINTENANCE: The main problem contractors face with

ROAD MARKING MACHINE

• Thermoplastic Paint Tank Capacity - 100KG, 200KG or Customized

ROUTINE MAINTENANCE: Clean the paint bucket after a day's work,

DUMPY LEVEL AND STAFF

ACTIVITIES AND PROCESSES

CONSTRUCTION OF RETAINING WALL AND IMPROVEMENT TO SH 296 BADNERA

Construction Site Details

o Project head - Public Works division, Amravati

SECTION OF RETAINING WALL

Structural Details of Retaining Wall: -

• Laying of PCC i.e., Plain cement concrete: -

• Specifications for Plain Cement Concrete (PCC)