2.numbers and Sequences

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COMPLETE METERIAL
A.SUBBARAJ P SENTHIL KUMAR

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அ.சுப்பாராஜ், ப.ஆ.,(கணக்கு) அரசுஉயர்நிலைப்பள்ளி, இருஞ்சிலை, விருதுநகர்மாவட்டம். ப.சசந்தில்குமார், ப.ஆ.,(கணக்கு) அரசு மேல் நிலலப் பள் ளி, பலையூர், விருதுநகர்மாவட்டம்.
«ÄÌ – 2 : ±ñ¸Ùõ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º¸Ùõ Óý§ÉüÈî §º¡¾¨É:-

À¢ýÅÕõ 𝑎 , 𝑏 ¬¸¢ÂÅüÈ¢üÌ
ÓØì¸û 𝑎 = 𝑏𝑞 + 𝑟
äìÇ¢Êý ÅÌò¾ø Ð¨½ò§¾üÈõ
±ýÀ¨¾ ¿¢¨È× ¦ºöÔõ ÀÊ 𝑞 ÁüÚõ 𝑟 ¸¡ñ¸.
𝑎 ÁüÚõ 𝑏 (𝑎 > 𝑏) ±ýÀÉ ²§¾Ûõ þÕ Á¢¨¸ ÓØì¸û
1) 𝑎 = 13 , 𝑏 = 3
±É¢ø, 𝑎 = 𝑏𝑞 + 𝑟, 0 ≤ 𝑟 < 𝑏 ±ýÈÅ¡Ú 𝑞 , 𝑟 ±Ûõ ¾É¢ò¾ Á¢¨¸ 2) 𝑎 = 18 , 𝑏 = 4
ÓØì¸û ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ. þíÌ 𝑎 = ÅÌÀÎõ ±ñ, 𝑏 = ÅÌìÌõ 3) 𝑎 = 21 , 𝑏 = −4
±ñ, 𝑞 = ®× ÁüÚõ 𝑟 = Á£¾¢ ¬Ìõ. 4) 𝑎 = −32 , 𝑏 = −12
ÌÈ¢ôÒ:- 5) 𝑎 = −31 , 𝑏 = 7
 ÅÊÅ¢ÂÄ¢ý ¾ó¨¾ ±É «¨Æì¸ôÀÎõ ¸½¢¾ §Á¨¾ Å¢¨¼:-
“äìÇ¢ð” ±Ø¾¢Â Òò¾¸Á¡É “±Ä¢ÁñðŠ” ¦Á¡ò¾õ 𝟏𝟑 WKT, äìÇ¢Êý ÅÌò¾ø Ð¨½ò§¾üÈò¾¢ý ÀÊ,
¦¾¡Ì¾¢¸¨Ç ¯ûÇ¼ì¸¢ÂÐ ¬Ìõ. þ¾¢ø Ó¾ø ¬Ú
¦¾¡Ì¾¢¸û ÅÊÅ¢Âø º¡÷ó¾¨Å ¬Ìõ. 𝑎 = 𝑏𝑞 + 𝑟, 0≤𝑟<𝑏
 ÅÌò¾Ä¢ø ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ Á£¾¢Â¡ÉÐ ÅÌìÌõ ±ñ¨½ Å¢¼ 1) 𝑎 =3x𝟒+𝟏
±ô§À¡Ðõ º¢È¢Â¾¡¸§Å «¨ÁÔõ. 2) 𝑎 =4x𝟒+𝟐
 𝑟 = 0 ±É¢ø 𝑎 = 𝑏𝑞. ±É§Å 𝑏 ¬ÉÐ 𝑎 ³ ÅÌìÌõ. 3) 𝑎 = (−4)x (−𝟓) + 𝟏
 ÁÚ¾¨ÄÂ¡¸ 𝑏 ¬ÉÐ 𝑎 ³ ÅÌìÌõ ±É¢ø, 𝑎 = 𝑏𝑞. 4) 𝑎 = (−12) x 𝟑 + 𝟒
 äìÇ¢Êý ÅÌò¾ø Ð¨½ò §¾üÈÁ¡ÉÐ ¿£û ÅÌò¾ø 5) 𝑎 = 7 x (−𝟓) + 𝟒
Ó¨ÈÂ¢ý ÁÚÅÊÅ§Á ¬Ìõ. þíÌ 𝑞 ÁüÚõ 𝑟 äìÇ¢Êý ÅÌò¾ø ÅÆ¢Ó¨È:-
±ýÀ¨Å Ó¨È§Â ®× ÁüÚõ Á£¾¢ ¬Ìõ.
𝑎 ÁüÚõ 𝑏 (𝑎 > 𝑏) ±ýÈ þÕ Á¢¨¸ ÓØì¸Ç¢ý Á£ô¦ÀÕ
 ±ó¾ ´Õ Á¢¨¸ ÓØ¨ÅÔõ 𝟐 ¬ø ÅÌìÌõ §À¡Ð 𝟎
¦À¡Ð ÅÌò¾¢¨Âì (Á£.¦À¡.Å) ¸¡½, Á£¾¢ âîº¢Âõ (𝑟 = 0)
«øÄÐ 𝟏 ÁðÎ§Á Á£¾¢Â¡¸ì ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ. ±É§Å ±ó¾ ÅÕõ Å¨Ã äìÇ¢Êý ÅÌò¾ø Ð¨½ò §¾üÈò¨¾ Á£ñÎõ
´Õ Á¢¨¸ ÓØ¨ÅÔõ 2𝑘 «øÄÐ 2𝑘 + 1 ±ýÈ ÅÊÅ¢ø Á£ñÎõ ¦¾¡¼÷óÐ ÀÂýÀÎò¾ §ÅñÎõ. âîº¢Âõ Á£¾¢Â¡¸
±Ø¾Ä¡õ. þíÌ 𝑘 ±ýÀÐ ´Õ Á¢¨¸ ÓØ ¬Ìõ. ÅÕõ ¿¢¨ÄÂ¢ø «¨ÁÔõ ÅÌò¾¢Â¡ÉÐ 𝑎 ÁüÚõ 𝑏 - Â¢ý
º¢ó¾¨Éì¸Çõ:- Á£.¦À¡.Å ¬Ìõ.
´Õ Á¢¨¸ ÓØ¨Å 𝟑 ¬ø ÅÌìÌõ §À¡Ð 𝑎 , 𝑏 ±ýÈ þÕ Á¢¨¸ ÓØì¸Ç¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Å ³ (𝑎 , 𝑏)

±Éì ÌÈ¢ì¸Ä¡õ.
1) ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ Á£¾¢¸û ±¨Å?
2) «Åü¨È ±ó¾ ÅÊÅ¢ø ±Ø¾ þÂÖõ?
ÌÈ¢ôÒ:-
Å¢¨¼:-
1) 𝟎 , 𝟏 , 𝟐 þÕ Á¢¨¸ ÓØì¸Ç¢ý Á£ô¦ÀÕ ¦À¡Ð ÅÌò¾¢ 𝟏 ±É¢ø,
2) 𝟑𝒌 , 𝟑𝒌 + 𝟏 , 𝟑𝒌 + 𝟐 ; 𝒌 ∈ ℤ «ùÅ¢Õ ±ñ¸Ùõ º¡÷À¸¡ ±ñ¸û ±É «¨Æì¸ôÀÎõ.
Óý§ÉüÈî §º¡¾¨É:- ±.¸¡ : 2.2 À¢ýÅÕõ ´ù¦Å¡ýÈ¢Öõ 𝑎 – ¨Â 𝑏 ¬ø ÅÌìÌõ

1) äìÇ¢Êý ÅÌò¾ø ÅÆ¢Ó¨ÈÂ¡ÉÐ Á£¾¢ ______ ÅÕõ §À¡Ð ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ ®× ÁüÚõ Á£¾¢¨Âì ¸¡ñ¸.
Å¨Ã äìÇ¢Êý ÅÌò¾ø Ð¨½ò §¾üÈò¨¾ò (i) 𝑎 = −12, 𝑏 = 5 (ii) 𝑎 = 17, 𝑏 = −3 (iii) 𝑎 = −19, 𝑏 = −4
¦¾¡¼÷óÐ ÀÂýÀÎò¾Ä¡õ.
¾£÷×:-
Å¢¨¼:- âîº¢Âõ
2) 𝑘 , 𝑘 ±ýÈ þÕ ºÁÁ¡É Á¢¨¸ ÓØì¸Ç¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Å WKT, äìÇ¢Êý ÅÌò¾ø Ð¨½ò§¾üÈò¾¢ý ÀÊ,
______. 𝑎 = 𝑏𝑞 + 𝑟, 0≤𝑟<𝑏
Å¢¨¼:- 𝒌 («§¾ ÓØ) (i) 𝑎 = −12, 𝑏 = 5
ãýÚ ±ñ¸Ç¢ý Á£ô¦ÀÕ ¦À¡Ð ÅÌò¾¢:- −12 = 5(−3) + 3
𝑎 , 𝑏 ÁüÚõ 𝑐 ±ýÀÉ ãýÚ Á¢¨¸ ÓØì¸û ±ý¸. ±É§Å, ®×, 𝑞 = −3 Á£¾¢, 𝑟 = 3
1) Ó¾Ä¢ø 𝑎 ÁüÚõ 𝑏 – Â¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Å ¸¡½ §ÅñÎõ. (ii) 𝑎 = 17, 𝑏 = −3
𝑑 ±É ¦ÀÂÃ¢Î§Å¡õ. «¾¡ÅÐ 𝑑 = (𝑎, 𝑏)
«¾üÌ 17 = −3(−5) + 2
2) ¾ü§À¡Ð 𝑑 ÁüÚõ 𝑐 – Â¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Å ¸¡½ §ÅñÎõ. ±É§Å, ®×, 𝑞 = −5 Á£¾¢, 𝑟 = 2
þó¾ Á£ô¦ÀÕ ¦À¡Ð ÅÌò¾¢§Â 𝑎 , 𝑏 ÁüÚõ 𝑐 ¬¸¢Â (iii) 𝑎 = −19, 𝑏 = −4

ãýÚ Á¢¨¸ ÓØì¸Ç¢ý Á£ô¦ÀÕ ¦À¡Ð ÅÌò¾¢Â¡Ìõ. −19 = −4(5) + 1
±.¸¡ : 2.1 ¿õÁ¢¼õ 34 §¸ì ÐñÎ¸û ¯ûÇÉ. ´ù¦Å¡Õ ±É§Å, ®×, 𝑞 = 5 Á£¾¢, 𝑟 = 1
¦ÀðÊÂ¢Öõ 5 §¸ìÌ¸û ÁðÎ§Á ¨Åì¸ þÂÖ¦ÁÉ¢ø

±.¸¡ : 2.3 ´ü¨È ÓØ ±ñ¸Ç¢ý Å÷ì¸Á¡ÉÐ 4𝑞 + 1, (þíÌ 𝑞
§¸ìÌ¸¨Ç ¨Åì¸ ±ò¾¨É ¦ÀðÊ¸û §¾¨Å ÁüÚõ ±ò¾¨É
¬ÉÐ ÓØ ±ñ) ±ýÈ ÅÊÅ¢ø «¨ÁÔõ ±Éì ¸¡ðÎ¸.
§¸ìÌ¸û Á£¾Á¢ÕìÌõ ±Éì ¸¡ñ¸.
¾£÷×:- ¾£÷×:- 𝑥 ±ýÀÐ ²§¾Ûõ ´Õ ´ü¨È ÓØ ±ñ ±ý¸.
±ó¾ ´Õ ´ü¨È ÓØ×õ, ²§¾Ûõ ´Õ þÃð¨¼ ÓØ¨Å
¾Ã×, ÅÌÀÎõ ±ñ, 𝑎 = 34 ÁüÚõ ÅÌò¾¢, 𝑏 = 5
Å¢¼ «¾¢¸Á¡¸ þÕìÌõ ±ýÀ¾¡ø, 𝑥 = 2𝑘 + 1, þíÌ, 𝑘
WKT, äìÇ¢Êý ÅÌò¾ø Ð¨½ò§¾üÈò¾¢ý ÀÊ,
±ýÀÐ ²§¾Ûõ ´Õ ÓØ ¬Ìõ.
𝑎 = 𝑏𝑞 + 𝑟, 0≤𝑟<𝑏 ∙ 𝑥 2 = (2𝑘 + 1)2
⟹ 34 = 5(6) + 4
= (2𝑘)2 + 2(2𝑘)(1) + 12
⟹ ®×, 𝑞 = 6 ÁüÚõ Á£¾¢, 𝑟 = 4
= 4𝑘 2 + 4𝑘 + 1
∙ §¸ìÌ¸¨Ç ¨Åì¸ §¾¨ÅôÀÎõ = 4𝑘(𝑘 + 1) + 1
¦ÀðÊ¸Ç¢ý ±ñ½¢ì¨¸ = 6
= 4𝑞 + 1 þíÌ, 𝑞 = 𝑘(𝑘 + 1) ±ýÀÐ ÓØ ±ñ.
Á£¾Á¢ÕìÌõ §¸ìÌ¸û = 4
∙ ´ü¨È ÓØ ±ñ¸Ç¢ý Å÷ì¸Á¡ÉÐ 4𝑞 + 1, (þíÌ 𝑞 ¬ÉÐ 445 ÁüÚõ 572 - ³ ´Õ ÌÈ¢ôÀ¢ð¼ ±ñ½¡ø
±.¸¡ : 2.5
ÓØ ±ñ) ±ýÈ ÅÊÅ¢ø «¨ÁÔõ ÅÌìÌõ §À¡Ð Ó¨È§Â Á£¾¢ 4 ÁüÚõ 5 - ³ ¾ÃìÜÊÂ
±.¸¡ : 2.4 210 ÁüÚõ 55 ¬¸¢ÂÅüÈ¢ý Á£ô¦ÀÕ ¦À¡Ð Á¢¸ô¦ÀÃ¢Â ±ñ¨½ì ¸ñ¼È¢¸.
ÅÌò¾¢¨Â 55𝑥 − 325 ±ýÈ ÅÊÅ¢ø ±Ø¾¢É¡ø, 𝑥 -Â¢ý ¾£÷×:-

Á¾¢ôÒì ¸¡ñ¸. 445 ÁüÚõ 572 ¬¸¢Â ±ñ¸¨Ç ÅÌìÌõ §À¡Ð Á£¾¢¸û
¾£÷×:- Ó¨È§Â 4 ÁüÚõ 5 - ³ ¾ÃìÜÊÂ Á¢¸ô¦ÀÃ¢Â ±ñ½¡ÉÐ
¾Ã×, 210 ÁüÚõ 55 ¬¸¢ÂÅüÈ¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Å = 55𝑥 − 325 445 − 4 = 441 ÁüÚõ 572 − 5 = 567 ¬¸¢ÂÅüÈ¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Å
¬Ìõ.
WKT, äìÇ¢Êý ÅÌò¾ø Ð¨½ò§¾üÈò¾¢ý ÀÊ, WKT, äìÇ¢Êý ÅÌò¾ø Ð¨½ò§¾üÈò¾¢ý ÀÊ,
𝑎 = 𝑏𝑞 + 𝑟, 0≤𝑟<𝑏 𝑎 = 𝑏𝑞 + 𝑟, 0≤𝑟<𝑏
þíÌ, 𝑎 = ÅÌÀÎõ ±ñ, 𝑏 = ÅÌò¾¢, 𝑞 = ®×, 𝑟 = Á£¾¢. þíÌ, 𝑎 = ÅÌÀÎõ ±ñ, 𝑏 = ÅÌò¾¢, 𝑞 = ®×, 𝑟 = Á£¾¢.
þíÌ, 𝑎 = 210 ÁüÚõ 𝑏 = 55 þíÌ, 𝑎 = 567 ÁüÚõ 𝑏 = 441
210 = 55 x 3 + 45
567 = 441 x 1 + 126 ; Á£¾¢ = 126 ≠ 0
55 = 45 x 1 + 10
441 = 126 x 3 + 63 ; Á£¾¢ = 63 ≠ 0
45 = 10 x 4 + 5
126 = 63 x 2 + 0
10 = 5 x 2 + 0 þíÌ, Á£¾¢ = 0
þíÌ, Á£¾¢ = 0 ¬¸§Å, 567 ÁüÚõ 441 – Â¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Å = 63
¬¸§Å, 210 ÁüÚõ 55 – Â¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Å = 5
∙ §¾¨ÅÂ¡É ±ñ = 63
¾Ã×, 210 ÁüÚõ 55 ¬¸¢ÂÅüÈ¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Å = 55𝑥 − 325
±.¸¡ : 2.6 396, 504, 636 ¬¸¢ÂÅüÈ¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Å ¸¡ñ¸.
⟹ 5 = 55𝑥 − 325
¾£÷×:-
5 + 325 = 55𝑥
Ó¾Ä¢ø 396 ÁüÚõ 504 þý Á£.¦À¡.Å ¸¡ñ§À¡õ.
330 = 55𝑥 þíÌ, 𝑎 = 504 ÁüÚõ 𝑏 = 396
330
=𝑥 504 = 396 x 1 + 108 ; Á£¾¢ = 108 ≠ 0
55
𝑥=6
396 = 108 x 3 + 72 ; Á£¾¢ = 72 ≠ 0
108 = 72 x 1 + 36 ; Á£¾¢ = 36 ≠ 0 𝑞 = 2 ±É¢ø, 𝑎 = 3(2) + 2 = 6 + 2 = 8

72 = 36 x 2 + 0 𝑞 = 3 ±É¢ø, 𝑎 = 3(3) + 2 = 9 + 2 = 11
þíÌ, Á£¾¢ = 0
¬¸§Å, 396 ÁüÚõ 504 – Â¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Å = 36 ∙ Á¢¨¸ ÓØì¸û 2, 5, 8, 11, …
2) ´Õ ¿ÀÃ¢¼õ 532 âó¦¾¡ðÊ¸û ¯ûÇÉ. «Å÷
þô¦À¡ØÐ, 636 ÁüÚõ 36 þý Á£.¦À¡.Å ÅÃ¢¨ºìÌ 21 âó¦¾¡ðÊ¸û Å£¾õ «Îì¸ Å¢ÕõÀ¢É¡÷.
¸¡ñ§À¡õ. ±ò¾¨É ÅÃ¢¨º¸û ÓØ¨Á ¦ÀÚõ ±É×õ ÁüÚõ
þíÌ, 𝑎 = 636 ÁüÚõ 𝑏 = 36 ±ò¾¨É âó¦¾¡ðÊ¸ø Á£¾Á¢ÕìÌõ ±É×õ ¸¡ñ¸.
[PTA-1]
636 = 36 x 17 + 24 ; Á£¾¢ = 24 ≠ 0 ¾£÷×:-
¾Ã×, ÅÌÀÎõ ±ñ, 𝑎 = 532 ÁüÚõ ÅÌò¾¢, 𝑏 = 21
36 = 24 x 1 + 12 ; Á£¾¢ = 12 ≠ 0 WKT, äìÇ¢Êý ÅÌò¾ø Ð¨½ò§¾üÈò¾¢ý ÀÊ,
24 = 12 x 2 + 0 𝑎 = 𝑏𝑞 + 𝑟, 0≤𝑟<𝑏
þíÌ, Á£¾¢ = 0 ⟹ 532 = 21(25) + 7
¬¸§Å, 636 ÁüÚõ 36 – Â¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Å = 12 ⟹ ®×, 𝑞 = 25 ÁüÚõ Á£¾¢, 𝑟 = 7
∙ 396, 504 ÁüÚõ 636 þý Á£.¦À¡.Å = 12 ∙ ÓØ¨Á ¦ÀÚõ ÅÃ¢¨º¸û = 25

ÀÂ¢üº¢ - 2.1 Á£¾Á¢ÕìÌõ âó¦¾¡ðÊ¸û =7
1) ¬ø ÅÌìÌõ §À¡Ð Á£¾¢ - ³ò ¾ÃìÜÊÂ «¨ÉòÐ
Á¢¨¸ ÓØì¸¨ÇÔõ ¸¡ñ¸.
¾£÷×:- 3) ¦¾¡¼÷îº¢Â¡É þÕ Á¢¨¸ ÓØì¸Ç¢ý ¦ÀÕì¸üÀÄý
¬ø ÅÌÀÎõ ±É ¿¢Ú×¸.
¾£÷×:-
𝑎 = 𝑏𝑞 + 𝑟, 0≤𝑟<𝑏
¦¾¡¼÷îº¢Â¡É þÕ Á¢¨¸ ÓØì¸û Ó¨È§Â 𝑥 ÁüÚõ 𝑥 +
¾Ã×, ÅÌò¾¢, 𝑏 = 3 ÁüÚõ Á£¾¢, 𝑟 = 2
1 ±ý¸.
3 ¬ø ÅÌìÌõ §À¡Ð Á£¾¢ 2 - ³ò ¾ÃìÜÊÂ ±ñ,
þÅüÈ¢ý ¦ÀÕì¸üÀÄý = 𝑥(𝑥 + 1) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥
𝑎 = 3𝑞 + 2 ±ý¸. ¿¢¨Ä-1:- ¿¢¨Ä -2:-
𝑞 = 0 ±É¢ø, 𝑎 = 3(0) + 2 = 0 + 2 = 2 𝑥 ±ýÀÐ µ÷ þÃð¨¼ ±ñ 𝑥 ±ýÀÐ µ÷ ´ü¨È ±ñ
𝑞 = 1 ±É¢ø, 𝑎 = 3(1) + 2 = 3 + 2 = 5 ±É¢ø, 𝑥 = 2𝑘 ±É¢ø, 𝑥 = 2𝑘 + 1
⟹ 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 = (2𝑘)2 + 2𝑘 ⟹ 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 = (2𝑘 + 1)2 + 2𝑘 + 1 5) ±ó¾ Á¢¨¸ ÓØÅ¢ý Å÷ì¸ò¨¾Ôõ ¬ø ÅÌìÌõ

§À¡Ð Á£¾¢ «øÄÐ ÁðÎ§Á ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ ±É ¿¢Ú×¸.
¾£÷×:-
= 2𝑘 . 2𝑘 + 2𝑘 = (2𝑘 + 1)[(2𝑘 + 1) + 1]
𝑥 ±ýÀÐ ²§¾Ûõ ´Õ Á¢¨¸ ÓØ ±ñ ±ý¸.
= 2𝑘(2𝑘 + 1) = (2𝑘 + 1)(2𝑘 + 2) 𝑥 þý Å÷ì¸õ = 𝑥 2 ¬Ìõ.
2 ¬ø ÅÌÀÎõ. ¿¢¨Ä-1:- ¿¢¨Ä -2:-
þÐ = 2(2𝑘 + 1)(7𝑘 + 1)
þÐ 2 ¬ø ÅÌÀÎõ. 𝑥 ±ýÀÐ µ÷ þÃð¨¼ ±ñ 𝑥 ±ýÀÐ µ÷ ´ü¨È ±ñ
±É¢ø, 𝑥 = 2𝑘 ±É¢ø, 𝑥 = 2𝑘 + 1
∙ ¦¾¡¼÷îº¢Â¡É þÕ Á¢¨¸ ÓØì¸Ç¢ý ¦ÀÕì¸üÀÄý 2
¬ø ÅÌÀÎõ. ⟹ 𝑥 2 = (2𝑘)2 ⟹ 𝑥 2 = (2𝑘 + 1)2
4) 𝑎, 𝑏 ÁüÚõ 𝑐 ±ýÈ Á¢¨¸ ÓØì¸¨Ç 13 ¬ø ÅÌìÌõ = 4𝑘 2 = (2𝑘)2 + 2 x 2𝑘 x 1 + (1)2
§À¡Ð ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ Á£¾¢¸û Ó¨È§Â 9, 7, 10 ±É¢ø 𝑎+𝑏+ þ¨¾4 ¬ø ÅÌìÌõ = 4𝑘 2 + 4𝑘 + 1
𝑐 ¬ÉÐ 13 ¬ø ÅÌÀÎõ ±É ¿¢åÀ¢. §À¡Ð ®× = 𝑘 2 ÁüÚõ Á£¾¢ = 4(𝑘 2 + 𝑘) + 1
¾£÷×:-
= 0 ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ. þ¨¾ 4 ¬ø ÅÌìÌõ
2
§À¡Ð ®× = (𝑘 + 𝑘) ÁüÚõ
𝑎 = 𝑏𝑞 + 𝑟, 0≤𝑟<𝑏
Á£¾¢ = 1 ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ.
¾Ã×,
𝑎 ³ 13 ¬ø ÅÌìÌõ §À¡Ð ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ Á£¾¢ =9 ∙ ±ó¾ Á¢¨¸ ÓØÅ¢ý Å÷ì¸ò¨¾Ôõ ¬ø ÅÌìÌõ §À¡Ð
⟹ 𝑎 = 13𝑞 + 9  (1) Á£¾¢ «øÄÐ ÁðÎ§Á ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ.
𝑏 ³ 13 ¬ø ÅÌìÌõ §À¡Ð ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ Á£¾¢ = 7
6) äìÇ¢Êý ÅÌò¾ø ÅÆ¢Ó¨È¨Âô ÀÂýÀÎò¾¢ô
⟹ 𝑏 = 13𝑞 + 7  (2) À¢ýÅÕÅÉÅüÈ¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Å ¸¡ñ¸.
𝑐 ³ 13 ¬ø ÅÌìÌõ §À¡Ð ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ Á£¾¢ = 10
(i) 340 ÁüÚõ 412 (ii) 867 ÁüÚõ 255
⟹ 𝑐 = 13𝑞 + 10  (3)
(iii) 10224 ÁüÚõ 9648 (iv) 84, 90 ÁüÚõ 120
¾£÷×:-
(1)+(2)+(3):
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 13𝑞 + 9 + 13𝑞 + 7 + 13𝑞 + 10 WKT, äìÇ¢Êý ÅÌò¾ø Ð¨½ò§¾üÈò¾¢ý ÀÊ,
= 13𝑞 + 13𝑞 + 13𝑞 + 9 + 7 + 10 𝑎 = 𝑏𝑞 + 𝑟, 0≤𝑟<𝑏
= 39𝑞 + 26
= 13(3𝑞 + 2) þíÌ, 𝑎 = ÅÌÀÎõ ±ñ, 𝑏 = ÅÌò¾¢, 𝑞 = ®×, 𝑟 = Á£¾¢.
þÐ 13 ¬ø ÅÌÀÎõ. (i) ¾Ã×, 𝑎 = 412 ÁüÚõ 𝑏 = 340
∙ 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 ¬ÉÐ 13 ¬ø ÅÌÀÎõ. 412 = 340 x 1 + 72 ; Á£¾¢ = 72 ≠ 0
¬¸§Å, 90 ÁüÚõ 84 – Â¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Å = 6.

340 = 72 x 4 + 52 ; Á£¾¢ = 52 ≠ 0
þô¦À¡ØÐ, 120 ÁüÚõ 6 þý Á£.¦À¡.Å ¸¡ñ§À¡õ.
72 = 52 x 1 + 20 ; Á£¾¢ = 20 ≠ 0 þíÌ, 𝑎 = 120 ÁüÚõ 𝑏 = 6
120 = 6 x 20 + 6
52 = 20 x 2 + 12 ; Á£¾¢ = 12 ≠ 0 þíÌ, Á£¾¢ = 0
¬¸§Å, 120 ÁüÚõ 6 – Â¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Å = 6.
20 = 12 x 1 + 8 ; Á£¾¢ =8≠0
∙ 84, 90 ÁüÚõ 120 þý Á£.¦À¡.Å = 6.
12 = 8 x 1 + 4 ; Á£¾¢ =4≠0
7) 1230 ÁüÚõ 1926 ¬¸¢Â ±ñ¸¨Ç ÅÌìÌõ §À¡Ð Á£¾¢
8= 4x2+0 12 - ³ ¾ÃìÜÊÂ Á¢¸ô¦ÀÃ¢Â ±ñ¨½ì ¸¡ñ¸.
þíÌ, Á£¾¢ = 0 ¾£÷×:-
¬¸§Å, 340 ÁüÚõ 412 – Â¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Å = 4. 1230 ÁüÚõ 1926 ¬¸¢Â ±ñ¸¨Ç ÅÌìÌõ §À¡Ð Á£¾¢
(ii) ¾Ã×, 𝑎 = 867 ÁüÚõ 𝑏 = 255 12 - ³ ¾ÃìÜÊÂ Á¢¸ô¦ÀÃ¢Â ±ñ½¡ÉÐ 1230 − 12 = 1218
867 = 255 x 3 + 102 ; Á£¾¢ = 102 ≠ 0
ÁüÚõ 1926 − 12 = 1914 þý Á£.¦À¡.Å ¬Ìõ.
255 = 102 x 2 + 51 ; Á£¾¢ = 51 ≠ 0
102 = 51 x 2 + 0
þíÌ, Á£¾¢ = 0 𝑎 = 𝑏𝑞 + 𝑟, 0≤𝑟<𝑏
¬¸§Å, 867 ÁüÚõ 255 – Â¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Å = 51. þíÌ, 𝑎 = ÅÌÀÎõ ±ñ, 𝑏 = ÅÌò¾¢, 𝑞 = ®×, 𝑟 = Á£¾¢.
(iii) ¾Ã×, 𝑎 = 10224 ÁüÚõ 𝑏 = 9648
10224 = 9648 x 1 + 576 ; Á£¾¢ = 576 ≠ 0
þíÌ, 𝑎 = 1914 ÁüÚõ 𝑏 = 1218
1914 = 1218 x 1 + 696 ; Á£¾¢ = 696 ≠ 0
9648 = 576 x 16 + 432 ; Á£¾¢ = 432 ≠ 0
1218 = 696 x 1 + 522 ; Á£¾¢ = 522 ≠ 0
576 = 432 x 1 + 144 ; Á£¾¢ = 144 ≠ 0
696 = 522 x 1 + 174 ; Á£¾¢ = 174 ≠ 0
432 = 144 x 3 + 0
þíÌ, Á£¾¢ = 0
522 = 174 x 3 + 0
þíÌ, Á£¾¢ = 0
¬¸§Å, 10224 ÁüÚõ 9648 – Â¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Å = 144.
(iv) Ó¾Ä¢ø 84 ÁüÚõ 90 þý Á£.¦À¡.Å ¸¡ñ§À¡õ. ¬¸§Å, 1914 ÁüÚõ 1218 – Â¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Å = 174.
þíÌ, 𝑎 = 90 ÁüÚõ 𝑏 = 84 ∙ §¾¨ÅÂ¡É ±ñ = 174.
90 = 84 x 1 + 6 ; Á£¾¢ = 6 ≠ 0
84 = 6 x 14 + 0
þíÌ, Á£¾¢ = 0
8) 32 ÁüÚõ 60 ¬¸¢ÂÅüÈ¢ý Á£ô¦ÀÕ ¦À¡Ð ÅÌò¾¢ 𝑑 9) ´Õ Á¢¨¸ ÓØ¨Å 88 ¬ø ÅÌìÌõ §À¡Ð Á£¾¢ 61
±ý¸. 𝑑 = 32𝑥 + 60𝑦 ±É¢ø 𝑥 ÁüÚõ 𝑦 ±ýÈ ¸¢¨¼ì¸¢ÈÐ. «§¾ Á¢¨¸ ÓØ¨Å 11 ¬ø ÅÌìÌõ
ÓØì¸¨Çì ¸¡ñ¸. §À¡Ð ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ Á£¾¢¨Âì ¸¡ñ¸.
¾£÷×:- ¾£÷×:-
¾Ã×, 32 ÁüÚõ 60 ¬¸¢ÂÅüÈ¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Å = 𝑑. WKT, äìÇ¢Êý ÅÌò¾ø Ð¨½ò§¾üÈò¾¢ý ÀÊ,
ÁüÚõ 𝑑 = 32𝑥 + 60𝑦 𝑎 = 𝑏𝑞 + 𝑟, 0≤𝑟<𝑏
WKT, äìÇ¢Êý ÅÌò¾ø Ð¨½ò§¾üÈò¾¢ý ÀÊ, þíÌ, 𝑎 = ÅÌÀÎõ ±ñ, 𝑏 = ÅÌò¾¢, 𝑞 = ®×, 𝑟 = Á£¾¢.
𝑎 = 𝑏𝑞 + 𝑟, 0≤𝑟<𝑏 þíÌ, 𝑎 = 𝑎 , 𝑏 = 88, 𝑞 = 𝑞, 𝑟 = 61
þíÌ, 𝑎 = ÅÌÀÎõ ±ñ, 𝑏 = ÅÌò¾¢, 𝑞 = ®×, 𝑟 = Á£¾¢. 𝑎 = 88 x 𝑞 + 61
þíÌ, 𝑎 = 60 ÁüÚõ 𝑏 = 32 𝑎 = (11 x 8𝑞) + (55 + 6)
60 = 32 x 1 + 28  (1) 𝑎 = (11 x 8𝑞) + (11 x 5) + 6
32 = 28 x 1 + 4  (2) 𝑎 = 11 x ( 8𝑞 + 5) + 6
28 = 4 x 7 + 0 ∙ «§¾ Á¢¨¸ ÓØ¨Å 11 ¬ø ÅÌìÌõ §À¡Ð ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ
þíÌ, Á£¾¢ = 0 Á£¾¢ = 6 ¬Ìõ.
¬¸§Å, 32 ÁüÚõ 60 – Â¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Å = 4.
10) ±ó¾ þÕ «Îò¾Îò¾ Á¢¨¸ ÓØ×õ º¡÷À¸¡ ±ñ¸û
«¾¡ÅÐ, 𝑑 = 4. ±É ¿¢Ú×¸.
ºÁýÀ¡Î (1) – Ä¢ÕóÐ, 28 = 60 − 32 x 1  (3) ¾£÷×:-
ºÁýÀ¡Î (2) – Ä¢ÕóÐ, 4 = 32 − 28 x 1  (4)
«Îò¾Îò¾ þÕ Á¢¨¸ ÓØì¸û Ó¨È§Â 𝑥 ÁüÚõ 𝑥 + 1
±ý¸.
𝑑 = 4 þý Á¾¢ô¨À 𝑑 = 32𝑥 + 60𝑦 þø À¢Ã¾¢Â¢¼, WKT, äìÇ¢Êý ÅÌò¾ø Ð¨½ò§¾üÈò¾¢ý ÀÊ,
32𝑥 + 60𝑦 = 4 𝑎 = 𝑏𝑞 + 𝑟, 0≤𝑟<𝑏
= 32 − 28 x 1 [∵ (4) Ä¢ÕóÐ] þíÌ, 𝑥 + 1 > 𝑥 ±ýÀ¾¡ø, 𝑎 = 𝑥 + 1 , 𝑏 = 𝑥.
= 32 − (60 − 32 x 1) x 1 [∵ (3) Ä¢ÕóÐ]
= 32 − (60 − 32) 𝑥 + 1 = 𝑥(1) + 1
= 32 − 60 + 32 𝑥 = 1(𝑥) + 0
32𝑥 + 60𝑦 = 32(2) + 60(−1) þíÌ, Á£¾¢ = 0
¬¸§Å, 𝑥 + 1 ÁüÚõ 𝑥 – Â¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Å = 1.
⟹ 𝑥=2 ÁüÚõ 𝑦 = −1 þÕ «Îò¾Îò¾ Á¢¨¸ ÓØì¸Ç¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Å = 1.
∙ ±ó¾ þÕ «Îò¾Îò¾ Á¢¨¸ ÓØ×õ º¡÷À¸¡ ±ñ¸û
¬Ìõ.
«ÊôÀ¨¼ ±ñ½¢Âø §¾üÈõ  𝑎𝑏 ³ 𝑛 ±ýÈ ÀÌ ±ñ ÅÌìÌõ ±É¢ø, 𝑛 ¬ÉÐ 𝑎

𝟏 ³ò ¾Å¢÷òÐ ÁüÈ «¨ÉòÐ þÂø ±ñ¸¨ÇÔõ À¸¡ ¨ÂÔõ ÅÌì¸ §ÅñÊÂ¾¢ø¨Ä 𝑏 ¨ÂÔõ ÅÌì¸
±ñ¸Ç¢ý ¦ÀÕì¸üÀÄÉ¡¸ì ¸¡Ã½¢ôÀÎò¾ ÓÊÔõ. §ÁÖõ §ÅñÊÂ¾¢ø¨Ä.
þó¾ ¸¡Ã½¢ôÀÎò¾Ä¡ÉÐ (À¸¡ ±ñ¸¨Ç ±ØÐõ Óý§ÉüÈî §º¡¾¨É:-
ÅÃ¢¨º¨Âò ¾Å¢÷òÐ) ´§Ã Ó¨ÈÂ¢ø «¨ÁÔõ.
1) 𝑚 ¬ÉÐ 𝑛 ³ ÅÌìÌõ ±É¢ø, 𝑚 ÁüÚõ 𝑛 – Â¢ý
𝑁 ±ýÈ ÀÌ ±ñ¨½, Á£.¦À¡.Å _______ ÁüÚõ Á£.¦À¡.Á _______ ¬Ìõ.
𝑞1 𝑞2 𝑞3 𝑞𝑛
𝑁 = 𝑝1 x 𝑝2 x 𝑝3 x … x 𝑝𝑛 ±ýÈ ´§Ã ÅÆ¢Â¢ø ÁðÎ§Á Å¢¨¼:- 𝒎 ÁüÚõ 𝒏
À¢Ã¢òÐ ±Ø¾ ÓÊÔõ. 2) 2 𝑚
ÁüÚõ 3𝑛 ±ýÈ ÅÊÅ¢ø «¨ÁÔõ ±ñ¸Ç¢ý
þíÌ, 𝑝1 , 𝑝2 , 𝑝3 , … , 𝑝𝑛 ¬¸¢Â¨Å À¸¡ ±ñ¸û ÁüÚõ Á£.¦À¡.Å _________.
𝑞1 , 𝑞2 , 𝑞3 , … , 𝑞𝑛 ¬¸¢Â¨Å þÂø ±ñ¸û ¬Ìõ. Å¢¨¼:- 𝟏
º¢ó¾¨Éì¸Çõ:- ±.¸¡ : 2.7 ¦¸¡Îì¸ôÀð¼ ¸¡Ã½¢ À¢Ã¢ò¾Ä¢ø, 𝑚 ÁüÚõ 𝑛 ±ýÈ
 1 ±ýÀÐ À¸¡ ±ñ½¡? ±ñ¸¨Çì ¸¡ñ¸.
¾£÷×:-
þø¨Ä. 1 ±ýÀÐ ÀÌ ±ñÏõ «øÄ, À¸¡ ±ñÏõ
«øÄ. ¸£Æ¢Ä¢ÕóÐ Ó¾ø ¦ÀðÊÂ¢ý Á¾¢ôÒ
Óý§ÉüÈî §º¡¾¨É:- = 5 x 2 = 10
1) ______ ³ò ¾Å¢÷ò¾ ÁüÈ «¨ÉòÐ þÂø ±ñ¸¨ÇÔõ ∙ 𝑛 - þý Á¾¢ôÒ = 5 x 10 = 50
__________ - Â¢ý ¦ÀÕì¸üÀÄÉ¡¸ ±Ø¾ þÂÖõ.
¸£Æ¢Ä¢ÕóÐ þÃñ¼¡õ ¦ÀðÊÂ¢ý Á¾¢ôÒ
Å¢¨¼:- 𝟏 ÁüÚõ À¸¡ì¸¡Ã½¢ = 3 x 50 = 150
2) ´Õ ÀÌ ±ñ¨½ ±ò¾¨É ÅÆ¢¸Ç¢ø À¸¡ ±ñ¸Ç¢ý ∙ 𝑚 - þý Á¾¢ôÒ = 2 x 150 = 300
«ÎìÌ¸Ç¢ý¦ÀÕì¸üÀÄÉ¡¸ ±Ø¾ þÂÖõ?
Å¢¨¼:- ´Õ ÅÆ¢ ¬¸§Å, §¾¨ÅÂ¡É ±ñ¸û,

3) ±ó¾¦Å¡Õ À¸¡ ±ñ½¢üÌõ ¯ûÇ ÅÌò¾¢¸Ç¢ý 𝑚 = 300
±ñ½¢ì¨¸ _______. 𝑛=300
Å¢¨¼:- þÃñÎ
ÌÈ¢ôÒ:-
 𝑎𝑏 ³ 𝑝 ±ýÈ À¸¡ ±ñ ÅÌìÌõ ±É¢ø, 𝑝 ¬ÉÐ 𝑎 ³
ÅÌìÌõ «øÄÐ 𝑝 ¬ÉÐ 𝑏 ³ ÅÌìÌõ. «¾¡ÅÐ 𝑝
¬ÉÐ 𝑎 , 𝑏 – ø ²§¾Ûõ ´ý¨È ÅÌìÌõ.
±.¸¡ : 2.8 6𝑛 , 𝑛 µ÷ þÂø ±ñ ±ýÈ ÅÊÅ¢ø «¨ÁÔõ ¾Ã×, 𝑎𝑏 x 𝑏 𝑎 = 800

±ñ¸û 5 ±ýÈ þÄì¸ò¨¾ì ¦¸¡ñÎ ÓÊÔÁ¡? ¯ÉÐ =2x2x2x2x2x5x5
Å¢¨¼ìÌì ¸¡÷½õ ÜÚ¸.
𝑎 x 𝑏 = 25 x 5𝑎2
𝑏 𝑎
¾£÷×:-
¾Ã×, 𝑛 µ÷ þÂø ±ñ ÁüÚõ 6𝑛 . þ¾¢Ä¢ÕóÐ ¿¡õ ¦ÀÚÅÐ,
𝑛 = 1, 2, 3, … 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = 5 «øÄÐ 𝑎 = 5, 𝑏 = 2
⟹ 61 = 6
62 = 36
63 = 216 ÀÂ¢üº¢ - 2.2
64 = 1296 1) 𝑛 µ÷ þÂø ±ñ ±É¢ø, ±ó¾ 𝑛 Á¾¢ôÒ¸ÙìÌ 4𝑛
65 = 7776 ¬ÉÐ 6 ±ýÈ þÄì¸ò¨¾ì ¦¸¡ñÎ ÓÊÔõ?
¾£÷×:-
66 = 46656 ...
∙ 6𝑛 ¬ÉÐ 5 ±ýÈ þÄì¸ò¨¾ì ¦¸¡ñÎ ÓÊÂ ¾Ã×, 𝑛 µ÷ þÂø ±ñ ÁüÚõ 4𝑛 .
Å¡öôÀ¢ø¨Ä. 𝑛 = 1, 2, 3, …
±.¸¡ : 2.9 7 x 5 x 3 x 2 + 3 ±ýÀÐ ´Õ ÀÌ ±ñ½¡? ¯ÉÐ ⟹ 41 = 4
Å¢¨¼¨Â ¿¢Â¡ÂôÀÎòÐ¸. [PTA-3] 42 = 16
¾£÷×:- 43 = 64
¬õ. ¦¸¡Îì¸ôÀð¼ ±ñ ´Õ ÀÌ ±ñÉ¡Ìõ, ²¦ÉÉ¢ø, 44 = 256
7 x 5 x 3 x 2 + 3 = 3(7 x 5 x 2 + 1) = 3 x 71 45 = 1024
þíÌ, 3 ÁüÚõ 71 ¬¸¢Â þÕ ±ñ¸Ùõ À¸¡ ±ñ¸û. 46 = 4096 ...
WKT, þÕ À¸¡ ±ñ¸Ç¢ý ¦ÀÕì¸üÀÄý ±ô§À¡Ðõ ´Õ ÀÌ ∙ 4𝑛 ¬ÉÐ 6 ±ýÈ þÄì¸ò¨¾ì ¦¸¡ñÎ ÓÊÂ
±ñÉ¡¸§Å þÕìÌõ. §ÅñÎ¦ÁÉ¢ø, 𝑛 ¬ÉÐ µ÷ þÃð¨¼ôÀ¨¼ ±ñ½¡¸
∙ 7 x 5 x 3 x 2 + 3 ±ýÀÐ ´Õ ÀÌ ±ñ ¬Ìõ. þÕì¸ §ÅñÎõ.
𝑎𝑏 x 𝑏 𝑎 = 800 ±ýÈÅ¡Ú «¨ÁÔõ þÕ Á¢¨¸

±.¸¡ : 2.10 2) 𝑚 ÁüÚõ 𝑛 þÂø ±ñ¸û ±É¢ø, ±ó¾ 𝑚 Á¾¢ôÒ¸ÙìÌ
2𝑛 x 5𝑚 ±ýÈ ±ñ 5 ±ýÈ þÄì¸ò¨¾ì ¦¸¡ñÎ
ÓØì¸û 𝑎 ÁüÚõ 𝑏 ³ì ¸¡ñ¸. ÓÊÔõ?
¾£÷×:- ¾£÷×:-
¾Ã×, 𝑚 ÁüÚõ 𝑛 þÂø ±ñ¸û ÁüÚõ 2𝑛 x 5𝑚 .
2𝑛 x 5𝑚 þø, 2𝑛 þý Á¾¢ôÒ ±ô§À¡Ðõ ´Õ
þÃð¨¼ôÀ¨¼ ±ñ ¬Ìõ.
§ÁÖõ, 5𝑚 þý Á¾¢ôÒ ±ô§À¡Ðõ ´Õ ´ü¨ÈôÀ¨¼ ±ñ ¾Ã×, 2𝑎 x 3𝑏 = 13824
¬Ìõ.
⟹ 2𝑎 x 3𝑏 = 29 x 33
WKT, µ÷ þÃð¨¼ôÀ¨¼ ±ñ¨É ±ó¾ ±ñ½¡ø
∙ 𝑎 = 9 ÁüÚõ 𝑏 = 3
¦ÀÕì¸¢É¡Öõ þÃð¨¼ôÀ¨¼ ±ñ§½ ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ.
∙ 𝑚 þý ±ó¾ Á¾¢ôÀ¢üÌõ 2𝑛 x 5𝑚 ±ýÈ ±ñ ¬ÉÐ 5 ±ýÈ

þÄì¸ò¨¾ì ¦¸¡ñÎ ÓÊÂ¡Ð.
3) 252525 ÁüÚõ 363636 ±ýÈ ±ñ¸Ç¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Å
¸¡ñ¸.
¾£÷×:-
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
5) 𝑝1 1 x 𝑝2 2 x 𝑝3 3 x 𝑝4 4 = 113400 þíÌ, 𝑝1 , 𝑝2 , 𝑝3 , 𝑝4 ±ýÀÉ
²Ú ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø «¨Áó¾ À¸¡ ±ñ¸û ÁüÚõ 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , 𝑥4
±ýÀÉ ÓØì¸û ±É¢ø, 𝑝1 , 𝑝2 , 𝑝3 , 𝑝4 ÁüÚõ 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , 𝑥4
¬¸¢ÂÅüÈ¢ý Á¾¢ôÒ¸¨Çì ¸¡ñ¸.
¾£÷×:-
¾Ã×,
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑝1 1 x 𝑝2 2 x 𝑝3 3 x 𝑝4 4 = 113400
252525 = 5 x 5 x 3 x 7 x 13 x 37 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑝1 1 x 𝑝2 2 x 𝑝3 3 x 𝑝4 4 = 23 x 34 x 52 x 71
363636 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 7 x 13 x 37 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑝1 1 = 23 𝑝2 2 = 34 𝑝3 3 = 52 𝑝4 4 = 71
∙ Á£.¦À¡.Å = 3 x 7 x 13 x 37
= 21 x 481 𝑝1 = 2 𝑝2 = 3 𝑝3 = 5 𝑝4 = 7
= 10101 𝑥1 = 3 𝑥2 = 4 𝑥3 = 2 𝑥4 = 1
𝑎 𝑏 ⟹ 𝑝1 = 2 , 𝑝2 = 3 , 𝑝3 = 5 , 𝑝4 = 7
4) 13824 = 2 x 3 ±É¢ø, 𝑎 ÁüÚõ 𝑏 – Â¢ý Á¾¢ôÒì
¸¡ñ¸. ÁüÚõ
¾£÷×:- 𝑥1 = 3 , 𝑥2 = 4 , 𝑥3 = 2 , 𝑥4 = 1
6) «ÊôÀ¨¼ ±ñ½¢Âø §¾üÈò¨¾ô ÀÂýÀÎò¾¢ 408 ∙ 24, 15 ÁüÚõ 36 þý Á£.¦À¡.Á =

ÁüÚõ 170 ±ýÈ ±ñ¸Ç¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Á ÁüÚõ Á£.¦À¡.Å 2 x 32 x 5
3
¸¡ñ¸.
= 8x9x5
¾£÷×:-
= 72 x 5
= 360
WKT,
Á¢¸ô¦ÀÃ¢Â ¬È¢Äì¸ ±ñ = 999999
∙ 24, 15, 36 ¬¸¢Â ±ñ¸Ç¡ø Á£¾¢Â¢ýÈ¢

ÅÌÀÎõ Á¢¸ô¦ÀÃ¢Â ¬È¢Äì¸ ±ñ,
= 999999 − 279
408 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 17 170 = 2 x 5 x 17 = 999720
3
= 2 x 3 x 17 = 2 x 5 x 17
3
∙ 408 ÁüÚõ 170 þý Á£.¦À¡.Á = 2 x 3 x 5 x 17
= 8 x 15 x 17
= 120 x 17
= 2040
408 ÁüÚõ 170 þý Á£.¦À¡.Å = 2 x 17 ÁüÚõ 91 ¬ø ÅÌìÌõ
8) 35, 56 §À¡Ð Á£¾¢ 7 ³ò
¾ÃìÜÊÂ Á¢¸îº¢È¢Â ±ñ ±Ð?
= 34
¾£÷×:-
7) 24, 15, 36 ¬¸¢Â ±ñ¸Ç¡ø Á£¾¢Â¢ýÈ¢ ÅÌÀÎõ
Á¢¸ô¦ÀÃ¢Â ¬È¢Äì¸ ±ñ¨½ì ¸¡ñ¸. 35, 56 ÁüÚõ 91 þý Á£.¦À¡.Á =
3
¾£÷×:- 2 x 5 x 7 x 13
Ó¾Ä¢ø 24, 15, 36 ¬¸¢Â ±ñ¸Ç¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Á ¸¡ñ§À¡õ. = 8 x 35 x 13
= 280 x 13
= 3640
∙ §¾¨ÅÂ¡É ±ñ
= 35, 56 ÁüÚõ 91 þý Á£.¦À¡.Á +7
= 3640 + 7 = 3647.
9) Ó¾ø 10 þÂø ±ñ¸Ç¡ø Á£¾¢Â¢ýÈ¢ ÅÌÀ¼ìÜÊÂ ÌÈ¢ôÒ:-

º¢È¢Â ±ñ ±Ð?  ´Õ Á¢¨¸ ÓØ¨Å 𝑛 ¬ø ÅÌìÌõ §À¡Ð ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ
¾£÷×:-
Á£¾¢¸û 0,1,2, … , 𝑛 − 1 ¬Ìõ.
Ó¾ø 10 þÂø ±ñ¸û : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.  ÁðÎ𝑛 ³ ¸½ì¸¢Îõ §À¡Ð, «¨ÉòÐ ±ñ¸¨ÇÔõ 𝑛
Ó¾ø 10 þÂø ±ñ¸Ç¡ø Á£¾¢Â¢ýÈ¢ ÅÌÀ¼ìÜÊÂ º¢È¢Â ¬ø ÅÌòÐì ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ Á£¾¢¸Ç¡É 0,1,2, … , 𝑛 − 1 ¬ø
±ñ½¡ÉÐ, 1 Ó¾ø 10 Å¨ÃÔûÇ ±ñ¸Ç¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Á À¾¢Ä¢¼ §ÅñÎõ.
¬Ìõ.
 𝑎 ÁüÚõ 𝑏 ±ýÈ þÕ ÓØì¸Ùõ ÁðÎ 𝑚 ³ô ¦À¡ÚòÐ
∙ Á£.¦À¡.Á ´Õí¸¢¨ºÅ¡¸ «¨ÁÂ, «¾¡ÅÐ 𝑎 ≡ 𝑏 ( ÁðÎ 𝑚) ±É
= 23 x 32 x 5 x 7 ±Ø¾ §ÅñÎÁ¡É¡ø «ùÅ¢Õ ±ñ¸¨ÇÔõ 𝑚 ¬ø

ÅÌìÌõ §À¡Ð ´§Ã Á£¾¢¨Âò ¾Ã §ÅñÎõ.
= 8 x 9 x 35  þÂü¸½¢¾ò¾¢ø ÀøÖÚôÒì§¸¡¨Åî ºÁýÀ¡Î¸¨Çò
¾£÷ìÌõ §À¡Ð ¦ÀÕõÀ¡Öõ ÓÊ×Ú ±ñ½¢ì¨¸Â¢Ä¡É
= 72 x 35 ¾£÷×¸û ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ. ¬É¡ø, ÁðÎ ´Õí¸¢¨º×î
ºÁýÀ¡Î¸¨Çò ¾£÷÷Ìõ §À¡Ð ±ñ½üÈ ¾£÷×¸û
= 2520 ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ.
∙ Á¢¸î º¢È¢Â ±ñ = 2520 º¢ó¾¨Éì¸Çõ:-

 3 ¬ø ÅÌìÌõ §À¡Ð Á£¾¢ 2 ¸¢¨¼ì¸ìÜÊÂ Å¨¸Â¢ø
ÁðÎ ±ñ¸½¢¾õ ±ò¾¨É ÓØì¸û þÕìÌõ?
𝑥 ≡ 2 ( ÁðÎ 3)
ÁðÎ ´Õí¸¢¨º×:-
𝑥 ≡ {… , −7, −4, −1, 2, 5, 8, … } ±ñ½üÈ ÓØì¸û.
𝑎 ÁüÚõ 𝑏 – ìÌ þ¨¼§Â ¯ûÇ Å¢ò¾¢Â¡ºõ 𝑛 – Â¢ý Óý§ÉüÈî §º¡¾¨É:-
Á¼íÌ ±É¢ø ÁðÎ 𝑛 – Â¢ý «ÊôÀ¨¼Â¢ø 𝑎 Ôõ 𝑏 Ôõ
1) (𝑘 − 3) ≡ 5 ( ÁðÎ 11) ±ýÈÅ¡Ú «¨ÁÔõ 𝑘 ±ýÈ
´Õí¸¢¨º× ¯¨¼Â¾¡Ìõ.
Á¢¨¸ ±ñ¸û ________.
«¾¡ÅÐ, 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 𝑘𝑛 , 𝑘 ∈ ℤ Å¢¨¼:- 𝟖 , 𝟗 , 𝟏𝟎
þ¨¾ 𝑎 ≡ 𝑏 ( ÁðÎ 𝑛) ±É×õ ±Ø¾Ä¡õ.
2) 59 ≡ 3 ( ÁðÎ 7) , 46 ≡ 4 ( ÁðÎ 7) ±É¢ø,
𝑎 ≡ 𝑏 ( ÁðÎ 𝑛) ±ýÀ¾ý ¦À¡Õû Â¡¦¾É¢ø, 𝑎 − 𝑏
¬ÉÐ 𝑛 ¬ø ÅÌÀÎõ ±ýÀ¾¡Ìõ.
(i) 105 ≡ _____ ( ÁðÎ 7)
(ii) 13 ≡ _______ ( ÁðÎ 7)
±.¸¡:- 61 ≡ 5 ( ÁðÎ 7)
(iii) 413 ≡ ______ ( ÁðÎ 7)
þíÌ, 61 − 5 = 56 ±ýÀÐ 7 ¬ø ÅÌÀÎõ. (iv) 368 ≡ _______ ( ÁðÎ 7)
Å¢¨¼:- þíÌ, 𝑑 ¬ÉÐ 12 - ³ ÅÌìÌõ.

(i) 0
12 – þý ÅÌò¾¢¸Ç¡ÅÉ, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
(ii) 6
(iii) 0 𝑑 ¬ÉÐ 3 - ³ Å¢¼ «¾¢¸Á¡¸ þÕì¸ §ÅñÎõ,
(iv) 4 ²¦ÉÉ¢ø Á£¾¢ 3 ÅóÐûÇÐ.

±É§Å 𝑑 – ìÌ º¡¾¸Á¡É Á¾¢ôÒ¸û 4, 6, 12 ¬Ìõ.
3) 7 x 13 x 19 x 23 x 29 x 31 ±ýÈ ±ñ¨½ 6 ¬ø ÅÌì¸ì ±.¸¡ : 2.13 À¢ýÅÕÅÉüÈ¢üÌ ¦À¡Õó¾ìÜÊÂ Ì¨Èó¾Àðº
¸¢¨¼ìÌõ Á£¾¢ _____.
Á¢¨¸ 𝑥 - ³ì ¸¡ñ¸.
Å¢¨¼:- 1
(i) 67 + 𝑥 ≡ 1 (ேட்டு 4) (ii) 98 ≡ (𝑥 + 4) (ேட்டு 5)
±.¸¡ : 2.11 70004 ÁüÚõ 778 ¬¸¢Â ±ñ¸¨Ç 7 ¬ø ¾£÷×:-
ÅÌì¸ì ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ Á£¾¢¨Âì ¸¡ñ¸.
(i) 67 + 𝑥 ≡ 1 (ேட்டு 4)
¾£÷×:-
67 + 𝑥 − 1 = 4𝑛 , þíÌ 𝑛 ±ýÀÐ ²§¾Ûõ ´Õ ÓØ.
70000 ¬ÉÐ 7 ¬ø ÅÌÀÎõ ±ýÀ¾¡ø,
66 + 𝑥 ±ýÀÐ 4 þý Á¼íÌ.
70000 ≡ 0 (ேட்டு 7)
66 - ³ Å¢¼ «¾¢¸Á¡É 4 þý Á¼íÌ 68
70000 + 4 ≡ 0 + 4 (ேட்டு 7)
70004 ≡ 4 (ேட்டு 7) ±É§Å 𝑥 – þý Ì¨Èó¾Àðº Á¾¢ôÒ = 68 − 66 = 2
(ii) 98 ≡ (𝑥 + 4) (ேட்டு 5)
±É§Å, 70004 - ³ 7 ¬ø ÅÌì¸ì ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ Á£¾¢ = 4
98 − 𝑥 − 4 = 5𝑛 , þíÌ 𝑛 ±ýÀÐ ²§¾Ûõ ´Õ ÓØ.
94 − 𝑥 ±ýÀÐ 5 þý Á¼íÌ.
777 ¬ÉÐ 7 ¬ø ÅÌÀÎõ ±ýÀ¾¡ø,
94 - ³ Å¢¼ì Ì¨ÈÅ¡É 5 þý Á¼íÌ 90
777 ≡ 0 (ேட்டு 7)
±É§Å 𝑥 – þý Ì¨Èó¾Àðº Á¾¢ôÒ = 94 − 90 = 4
777 + 1 ≡ 0 + 1 (ேட்டு 7)
778 ≡ 1 (ேட்டு 7) ±.¸¡ : 2.14 ¾£÷ì¸: 8𝑥 ≡ 1 (ேட்டு 11)
±É§Å, 778 - ³ 7 ¬ø ÅÌì¸ì ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ Á£¾¢ = 1 ¾£÷×:-
±.¸¡ : 2.12 15 ≡ 3 (ேட்டு 𝑑) ±ýÈÅ¡Ú «¨ÁÔõ 𝑑 –þý 8𝑥 ≡ 1 (ேட்டு 11)

Á¾¢ô¨Àò ¾£÷Á¡É¢ì¸. 8𝑥 − 1 = 11𝑘 , þíÌ 𝑘 ±ýÀÐ ²§¾Ûõ ´Õ ÓØ.
¾£÷×:- 11𝑘+1
𝑥=
8
15 ≡ 3 (ேட்டு 𝑑) ±ýÀ¾ý ¦À¡Õû 15 − 3 = 𝑘𝑑 , þíÌ 𝑘
𝑘 = 5, 13, 21, 29, … ±Éô À¢Ã¾¢Â¢Îõ §À¡Ð 11𝑘 + 1
±ýÀÐ ²§¾Ûõ ´Õ ÓØ ±ý¸.
¬ÉÐ 8 ¬ø ÅÌÀÎõ.
12 = 𝑘𝑑 11(5)+1 55+1 56
𝑘 = 5 ±É¢ø, 𝑥 = = = =7
8 8 8
11(13)+1 143+1 144 ±.¸¡ : 2.17 ´ÕÅ÷ ¦ºý¨ÉÂ¢Ä¢ÕóÐ ¦¼øÄ¢ìÌî ¦ºøÄ

𝑘 = 13 ±É¢ø, 𝑥 = = = = 18 þÃÂ¢Ä¢ø ÒÈôÀÎ¸¢È¡÷. «Å÷ ¾ÉÐ ÀÂ½ò¨¾ô Ò¾ý¸¢Æ¨Á
8 8 8
11(21)+1 231+1 232 22.30 Á½¢ìÌò ¦¾¡¼íÌ¸¢È¡÷. ±ó¾Å¢¾ò ¾¡Á¾ÓÁ¢ýÈ¢
𝑘 = 21 ±É¢ø, 𝑥 = = = = 29..
8 8 8 þÃÂ¢ø ¦ºøÅ¾¡¸ì ¦¸¡ñ¼¡ø ¦Á¡ò¾ô ÀÂ½ §¿Ãõ 32 Á½¢
±É§Å, 𝑥 = 7, 18, 29, … ±ýÀÐ ¾£÷Å¡Ìõ. §¿Ãõ ¬Ìõ. «Å÷ ±ô¦À¡ØÐ ¦¼øÄ¢¨Âî ¦ºýÈ¨¼Å¡÷?
±.¸¡ : 2.15 104 ≡ 𝑥 (ேட்டு 19) ±ýÈÅ¡Ú «¨ÁÔõ 𝑥 –þý ¾£÷×:-
Á¾¢ô¨Àì ¸½ì¸¢Î¸. [GMQ] ¦ºý¨ÉÂ¢ø ÀÂ½õ ¦¾¡¼íÌõ §¿Ãõ = 22.30 Á½¢,
¾£÷×:- Ò¾ý¸¢Æ¨Á.
𝐖𝐊𝐓, 100 ≡ 5 (ேட்டு 19)

32 Á½¢ §¿Ã ÀÂ½ò¾¢üÌô À¢ýÒ þÃÂ¢ø ¦¼øÄ¢¨Â
102 ≡ 5 (ேட்டு 19) ¦ºýÈ¨¼¸¢ÈÐ.
(102 )2 ≡ 52 (ேட்டு 19)
ÁðÎ 24 ³ô ÀÂýÀÎò¾,
104 ≡ 25 (ேட்டு 19) ∙ þÃÂ¢ø ¦¼øÄ¢¨Âî ¦ºýÈ¨¼Ôõ §¿Ãõ
104 ≡ 6 (ேட்டு 19) = 22.30 + 32 (ேட்டு 24)
= 54.30 (ேட்டு 24)
∙ 𝑥 =6 = 6.30 (ேட்டு 24)
±.¸¡ : 2.16 3𝑥 ≡ 1 (ேட்டு 15) ±ýÈ ºÁýÀ¡ðÊüÌ ±ò¾¨É ÓØ
±ñ ¾£÷×¸û ¯ûÇÉ ±Éì ¸¡ñ¸. [PTA-6]
¾£÷×:- «¾¡ÅÐ 32 = (1 x 24) + 8
Å¢Â¡Æý ¦ÅûÇ¢
3𝑥 ≡ 1 (ேட்டு 15)
3𝑥 − 1 ≡ 15𝑛 , þíÌ 𝑛 ±ýÀÐ ²§¾Ûõ ´Õ ÓØ. ∙ þÃÂ¢Ä¡ÉÐ, ¦¼øÄ¢¨Â ¦ÅûÇ¢ «ýÚ ¸¡¨Ä 6.30
Á½¢ìÌ ¦ºýÈ¨¼Ôõ.
3𝑥 = 15𝑛 + 1
±.¸¡ : 2.18 ¸Ä¡ ÁüÚõ Å¡½¢ þÕÅÕõ ¿ñÀ÷¸û. “þýÚ
15𝑛 + 1 ±ÉÐ À¢Èó¾ ¿¡û” ±Éì ¸Ä¡ ÜÈ¢É¡û. Å¡½¢Â¢¼õ, “¯ÉÐ
𝑥=
3 À¢Èó¾ ¿¡¨Ç ±ô§À¡Ð ¿£ ¦¸¡ñ¼¡ÊÉ¡ö?” ±Éì §¸ð¼¡û.
1 «¾üÌ Å¡½¢ “þýÚ ¾¢í¸û¸¢Æ¨Á, ¿¡ý ±ýÛ¨¼Â À¢Èó¾
𝑥 = 5𝑛 +
3 ¿¡¨Ç 75 ¿¡ð¸ÙìÌ Óý ¦¸¡ñ¼¡Ê§Éý”, ±Éô
1 À¾¢ÄÇ¢ò¾¡û. Å¡½¢Â¢ý À¢Èó¾ ¿¡û ±ó¾ì ¸¢Æ¨ÁÂ¢ø
5𝑛 ±ýÀÐ ´Õ ÓØ ±ñ ±ýÀ¾¡ø, 5𝑛 + 3 ±ýÀÐ
Åó¾¢ÕìÌõ ±Éì ¸¡ñ¸.
´Õ ÓØ ±ñ «øÄ. ±É§Å þîºÁýÀ¡ðÊüÌ ÓØ ±ñ
¾£÷×:-
¾£÷§Å þø¨Ä.
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ÁüÚõ ±ýÀÉ Ó¨È§Â »¡Â¢Ú Ó¾ø ºÉ¢ ±É§Å, 𝑥 þý Ì¨Èó¾Àðº Á¾¢ôÒ = 80 − 75 = 5 ¬Ìõ.
Å¨ÃÂ¢Ä¡É ¸¢Æ¨Á¸¨Çì ÌÈ¢ôÀ¾¡¸ì ¦¸¡û§Å¡õ.
(iii) 89 ≡ (𝑥 + 3) (ேட்டு 4)
þýÚ ¾¢í¸û ¸¢Æ¨Á. ±É§Å ¾¢í¸Ç¢ý ±ñ 1. 89 − (𝑥 + 3) = 4𝑛 , þíÌ 𝑛 ±ýÀÐ ²§¾Ûõ ´Õ ÓØ.
75 ¿¡ð¸ÙìÌô À¢ÈÌ ¸¢Æ¨Á 89 − 𝑥 − 3 = 4𝑛

= 1 − 75 (ேட்டு 7) 86 − 𝑥 = 4𝑛
= −74 (ேட்டு 7) 86 − 𝑥 ±ýÀÐ 4 þý Á¼íÌ.
= −4 (ேட்டு 7) 86 - ³ Å¢¼ì Ì¨ÈÅ¡É 4 þý Á¼íÌ 84.
= 7 − 4 (ேட்டு 7) [∵ ²¦ÉÉ¢ø, −74 − 3 = −77 ¬ÉÐ
±É§Å, 𝑥 þý Ì¨Èó¾Àðº Á¾¢ôÒ = 86 − 84 = 2 ¬Ìõ.
7 ¬ø ÅÌÀÎõ]
= 3 (ேட்டு 7) (iv) 96 ≡
𝑥
(ேட்டு 5)
7
⟹ 3 ±ýÀÐ Ò¾ý¸¢Æ¨Á¨Âì ÌÈ¢ìÌõ. 𝑥
96 − 7 = 5𝑛 , þíÌ 𝑛 ±ýÀÐ ²§¾Ûõ ´Õ ÓØ.
∙ Å¡½¢Â¢ý À¢Èó¾ ¿¡û Ò¾ý ¸¢Æ¨ÁÂ¢ø Åó¾¢ÕìÌõ. 𝑥
96 − 7 ±ýÀÐ 5 þý Á¼íÌ.
ÀÂ¢üº¢ - 2.3
1) À¢ýÅÕõ ºÁýÀ¡Î¸¨Ç ¿¢¨È× ¦ºöÂìÜÊÂ
96 - ³ Å¢¼ì Ì¨ÈÅ¡É 5 þý Á¼íÌ 95.
Ì¨Èó¾Àðº Á¢¨¸ ÓØ 𝑥 – ý Á¾¢ô¨Àì ¸¡ñ¸. ±É§Å, 𝑥 þý Ì¨Èó¾Àðº Á¾¢ôÒ,
(i) 71 ≡ 𝑥 (ேட்டு 8) (ii) 78 + 𝑥 ≡ 3 (ேட்டு 5) 𝑥
𝑥 = 96 − 95
(iii) 89 ≡ (𝑥 + 3) (ேட்டு 4) (iv) 96 ≡ (ேட்டு 5) 7
7
(v) 5𝑥 ≡ 4 (ேட்டு 6) 𝑥
=1
¾£÷×:- 7
(i) 71 ≡ 𝑥 (ேட்டு 8) 𝑥=7
71 − 𝑥 = 8𝑛 , þíÌ 𝑛 ±ýÀÐ ²§¾Ûõ ´Õ ÓØ. ±É§Å, 𝑥 þý Ì¨Èó¾Àðº Á¾¢ôÒ = 7 ¬Ìõ.
71 − 𝑥 ±ýÀÐ 8 þý Á¼íÌ. (v) 5𝑥 ≡ 4 (ேட்டு 6)
71 - ³ Å¢¼ì Ì¨ÈÅ¡É 8 þý Á¼íÌ 64. 5𝑥 − 4 = 6𝑛 , þíÌ 𝑛 ±ýÀÐ ²§¾Ûõ ´Õ ÓØ.
±É§Å, 𝑥 þý Ì¨Èó¾Àðº Á¾¢ôÒ = 71 − 64 = 7 ¬Ìõ. 5𝑥 − 4 ±ýÀÐ 6 þý Á¼íÌ.
±É§Å, 5𝑥 − 4 ¬ÉÐ 6 ¬ø ÅÌÀÎõ.
(ii) 78 + 𝑥 ≡ 3 (ேட்டு 5)
𝑥 = 1 ±É¢ø, 5𝑥 − 4 = 5(1) − 4 = 5 − 4 = 1
78 + 𝑥 − 3 = 5𝑛 , þíÌ 𝑛 ±ýÀÐ ²§¾Ûõ ´Õ ÓØ.
𝑥 = 2 ±É¢ø, 5𝑥 − 4 = 5(2) − 4 = 10 − 4 = 6
75 + 𝑥 ±ýÀÐ 5 þý Á¼íÌ.
§ÁÖõ, 𝑥 = 2, 8, 14, … ±É À¢Ã¾¢Â¢Îõ §À¡Ð 5𝑥 − 4
75 - ³ Å¢¼ «¾¢¸Á¡É 5 þý Á¼íÌ 80.
¬ÉÐ 6 ¬ø ÅÌÀÎ¸¢ÈÐ.
±É§Å, 𝑥 þý Ì¨Èó¾Àðº Á¾¢ôÒ = 2 ¬Ìõ. 4) ¾£÷ì¸: 3𝑥 − 2 ≡ 0 (ேட்டு 11)

¾£÷×:-
2) 𝑥 ¬ÉÐ ÁðÎ 17 – Â¢ý ¸£ú 13 ¯¼ý ´Õí¸¢¨ºÅ¡¸
3𝑥 − 2 ≡ 0 (ேட்டு 11)
¯ûÇÐ ±É¢ø, 7𝑥 − 3 ¬ÉÐ ±ó¾ ±ñÏ¼ý
´Õí¸¢¨ºÅ¡¸ þÕìÌõ? 3𝑥 − 2 = 11𝑘 , þíÌ 𝑘 ±ýÀÐ ²§¾Ûõ ´Õ ÓØ.
¾£÷×:- 11𝑘+2
𝑥=
3
¾Ã×, 𝑥 ≡ 13 (ேட்டு 17)
𝑘 = 2, 5, 8, … ±Éô À¢Ã¾¢Â¢Îõ §À¡Ð 11𝑘 + 2 ¬ÉÐ
7 ¬ø þÕÒÈÓõ ¦ÀÕì¸,
3 ¬ø ÅÌÀÎõ.
7𝑥 ≡ 91 (ேட்டு 17)
11(2)+2 22+2 24
3 ¬ø þÕÒÈÓõ ¸Æ¢ì¸, 𝑘 = 2 ±É¢ø, 𝑥 = = = =8
3 3 3
7𝑥 − 3 ≡ 91 − 3 (ேட்டு 17) 11(5)+2 55+2 57
𝑘 = 5 ±É¢ø, 𝑥 = = = = 19
7𝑥 − 3 ≡ 88 (ேட்டு 17) 3 3 3
7𝑥 − 3 ≡ 3 (ேட்டு 17) 11(8)+2 88+2 90
𝑘 = 8 ±É¢ø, 𝑥 = = = = 30 ...
3 3 3
∙ 7𝑥 − 3 ¬ÉÐ 3 ¯¼ý
´Õí¸¢¨ºÅ¡¸ þÕìÌõ. ±É§Å, 𝑥 = 8, 19, 30, … ±ýÀÐ ¾£÷Å¡Ìõ.
3) ¾£÷ì¸: 5𝑥 ≡ 4 (ேட்டு 6) 5) ÓüÀ¸ø 7 Á½¢ìÌ 100 Á½¢ §¿Ãò¾¢üÌô À¢ÈÌ §¿Ãõ
¾£÷×:- ±ýÉ?
¾£÷×:-
5𝑥 ≡ 4 (ேட்டு 6)
5𝑥 − 4 = 6𝑘 , þíÌ 𝑘 ±ýÀÐ ²§¾Ûõ ´Õ ÓØ. ¦¾¡¼íÌõ §¿Ãõ ÓüÀ¸ø 7 Á½¢.
6𝑘+4 100 Á½¢ §¿Ãò¾¢üÌô À¢ÈÌ §¿Ãõ ¸¡½ §ÅñÎõ.
𝑥=
5
𝑘 = 1, 6, 11, … ±Éô À¢Ã¾¢Â¢Îõ §À¡Ð 6𝑘 + 4 ¬ÉÐ 6) À¢üÀ¸ø 11 Á½¢ìÌ 14 Á½¢ §¿Ãò¾¢üÌ ÓýÒ §¿Ãõ
5 ¬ø ÅÌÀÎõ. ±ýÉ?
6(1)+4 6+4 10 ¾£÷×:-
𝑘 = 1 ±É¢ø, 𝑥 = = = =2
5 5 5 ¦¾¡¼íÌõ §¿Ãõ À¢üÀ¸ø 11 Á½¢ = 23 Á½¢
6(6)+4 36+4 40
𝑘 = 6 ±É¢ø, 𝑥 = = = =8 14 Á½¢ §¿Ãò¾¢üÌ ÓýÒ §¿Ãõ ¸¡½ §ÅñÎõ.
5 5 5
6(11)+4 66+4 70 ÁðÎ 24 ³ô ÀÂýÀÎò¾,
𝑘 = 11 ±É¢ø, 𝑥 = = = = 14 ...
5 5 5 ∙ À¢üÀ¸ø 11 Á½¢ìÌ 14 Á½¢ §¿Ãò¾¢üÌ ÓýÒ §¿Ãõ
±É§Å, 𝑥 = 2, 8, 14, … ±ýÀÐ ¾£÷Å¡Ìõ. = 23 − 15 (ேட்டு 24)
= 8 (ேட்டு 24)
= ÓüÀ¸ø 8 Á½¢.
7) þýÚ ¦ºùÅ¡ö ¸¢Æ¨Á, ±ýÛ¨¼Â Á¡Á¡ 45 92 ≡ 18 (ேட்டு 7)

¿¡ð¸ÙìÌô À¢ÈÌ ÅÕÅ¾¡¸ì ÜÈ¢ÔûÇ¡÷. 92 ≡ 4 (ேட்டு 7)
±ýÛ¨¼Â Á¡Á¡ ±ó¾ì ¸¢Æ¨ÁÂ¢ø ÅÕÅ¡÷?
¾£÷×:- 92 ≡ 22 (ேட்டு 7)
.
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ÁüÚõ ±ýÀÉ Ó¨È§Â »¡Â¢Ú Ó¾ø ºÉ¢
Å¨ÃÂ¢Ä¡É ¸¢Æ¨Á¸¨Çì ÌÈ¢ôÀ¾¡¸ì ¦¸¡û§Å¡õ. .
.
þýÚ ¦ºùÅ¡ö ¸¢Æ¨Á. ±É§Å ¦ºùÅ¡Â¢ý ±ñ 2. 9𝑛 ≡ 2𝑛 (ேட்டு 7)
45 ¿¡ð¸ÙìÌô À¢ÈÌ ¸¢Æ¨Á 6 ¬ø þÕÒÈÓõ ¦ÀÕì¸, §ÁÖõ, 2 ≡ 2 (ேட்டு 7)
= 2 + 45 (ேட்டு 7)
6 x 9 ≡ 6 x 2 (ேட்டு 7)  (1)
𝑛 𝑛
2𝑛 ≡ 2𝑛 (ேட்டு 7)  (2)
= 47 (ேட்டு 7)
= 5 (ேட்டு 7) (1)+(2) ⟹
6 x 9𝑛 + 2𝑛 ≡ (6 x 2𝑛 ) + 2𝑛 (ேட்டு 7)
⟹ 5 ±ýÀÐ ¦ÅûÇ¢ì¸¢Æ¨Á¨Âì ÌÈ¢ìÌõ. 2𝑛 + 6 x 9𝑛 ≡ 2𝑛 x (6 + 1)(ேட்டு 7)
∙ ±ýÛ¨¼Â¡ Á¡Á¡ ¦ÅûÇ¢ì¸¢Æ¨ÁÂ¢ø ÅÕÅ¡÷. 2𝑛 + 6 x 9𝑛 ≡ 7 x 2𝑛 (ேட்டு 7)
8) ±ó¾ ´Õ Á¢¨¸ ÓØ ±ñ 𝑛 –üÌõ 2𝑛 + 6 x 9𝑛 ¬ÉÐ 7 2𝑛 + 6 x 9𝑛 ≡ 0 (ேட்டு 7) [∵ 7 x 2𝑛 ¬ÉÐ 7 þý
¬ø ÅÌÀÎõ ±É ¿¢Ú×¸.
Á¼í¸¡Ìõ]
¾£÷×:-
𝑛 𝑛
∙ 2 + 6 x 9 ¬ÉÐ ±ó¾ ´Õ Á¢¨¸ ÓØ ±ñ 𝑛 –üÌõ 7
𝑛 = 1 ±É¢ø, ¬ø ÅÌÀÎõ.
2𝑛 + 6 x 9𝑛 = 21 + 6 x 91 = 2 + 54 = 56 9) 281 ³ 17 ¬ø ÅÌìÌõ §À¡Ð ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ Á£¾¢ ¸¡ñ¸.
∙ 56 ≡ 0 (ேட்டு 7) ¾£÷×:-
𝑛 = 2 ±É¢ø, 𝐖𝐊𝐓, 512 ≡ 2 (ேட்டு 17)
2𝑛 + 6 x 9𝑛 = 22 + 6 x 92 = 4 + (6 x 81) = 4 + 486 = 490 29 ≡ 2 (ேட்டு 17)
∙ 490 ≡ 0 (ேட்டு 7) (29 )9 ≡ 29 (ேட்டு 17)
𝑛 𝑛
∙ 2 + 6 x 9 ¬ÉÐ ±ó¾ ´Õ Á¢¨¸ ÓØ ±ñ 𝑛 –üÌõ 7 281 ≡ 512 (ேட்டு 17)
¬ø ÅÌÀÎõ.
281 ≡ 2 (ேட்டு 17)
281 − 2 = 17𝑘 , 𝑘 ±ýÀÐ ´Õ Á¢¨¸ ÓØ.

Á¡üÚ Ó¨È:-
281 = 17𝑘 + 2
𝐖𝐊𝐓, 9 ≡ 2 (ேட்டு 7)
9 x 9 ≡ 2 x 9 (ேட்டு 7)
∙ Á£¾¢ =2
10) À¢Ã¢ðÊ‰ ²÷¨ÄýŠ Å¢Á¡Éò¾¢ø ¦ºý¨ÉÂ¢Ä¢ÕóÐ ¬Ìõ. §ÁÖõ 𝑎𝑛 ±ýÀÐ 𝑛 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ «øÄÐ ¦À¡Ð
Äñ¼ý ¦ºøÄô ÀÂ½§¿Ãõ §¾¡Ã¡ÂÁ¡¸ 11 Á½¢§¿Ãõ. ¯ÚôÒ ±ÉôÀÎõ.
Å¢Á¡Éõ ¾ÉÐ ÀÂ½ò¨¾ »¡Â¢üÚì¸¢Æ¨Á 23: 30 ÌÈ¢ôÒ:-
Á½¢ìÌò ¦¾¡¼í¸¢ÂÐ. ¦ºý¨ÉÂ¢ý ¾¢ð¼ §¿ÃÁ¡ÉÐ
 ´Õ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø ÓÊ×Ú ±ñ½¢ì¨¸Â¢ø
Äñ¼É¢ý ¾¢ð¼ §¿Ãò¨¾ Å¢¼ 4.30 Á½¢ §¿Ãõ
¯ÚôÒ¸û þÕôÀ¢ý «Ð ÓÊ×Ú ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º
ÓýÉ¾¡¸ þÕìÌ¦ÁÉ¢ø, Å¢Á¡Éõ Äñ¼É¢ø
¾¨ÃÂ¢ÈíÌõ §¿Ãò¨¾ì ¸¡ñ¸. ±ÉôÀÎõ.
¾£÷×:-  ´Õ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø ÓÊ×È¡ ±ñ½¢ì¨¸Â¢ø
¯ÚôÒ¸û þÕôÀ¢ý «Ð ÓÊ×È¡ò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º
¦ºý¨ÉÂ¢ø ÀÂ½õ ¦¾¡¼íÌõ §¿Ãõ = 23.30 Á½¢, ±ÉôÀÎõ.
»¡Â¢üÚì¸¢Æ¨Á.
 ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¡ÉÐ þÂø ±ñ¸û ℕ Á£Ð Å¨ÃÂ¨È
¦ºöÂôÀð¼ ´Õ º¡÷À¡Ìõ. «¾¡ÅÐ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º
11 Á½¢ §¿Ã ÀÂ½ò¾üÌô À¢ýÒ þÄñ¼É¢ø Å¢Á¡Éõ ¬ÉÐ 20𝑓: ℕ ⟶ ℝ , þíÌ ℝ ±ýÀÐ ¦Áö¦Âñ¸Ç¢ý
¾¨ÃÂ¢ÈíÌ¸¢ÈÐ.
¸½õ ±É Å¨ÃÂ¨È ¦ºöÂôÀð¼ º¡÷Ò ¬Ìõ.
ÁðÎ 24 ³ô ÀÂýÀÎò¾,
Óý§ÉüÈî §º¡¾¨É:-
∙ þÄñ¼É¢ø Å¢Á¡Éõ ¾¨ÃÂ¢ÈíÌõ §¿Ãõ
1) À¢ýÅÕõ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º¸Ç¢ø §¸¡Êð¼ þ¼í¸¨Ç
= 23.30 + 11 (ேட்டு 24)
¿¢ÃôÒ¸.
= 34.30 (ேட்டு 24)
(i) 7, 13, 19, ___, ___ , ...
= 10.30 (ேட்டு 24)
Å¢Á¡ÉÁ¡ÉÐ, ¦ºý¨É §¿ÃôÀÊ Äñ¼ý Å¢Á¡É (ii) 2, ___ , 10, 17, 26, ...
¿¢¨ÄÂò¾¢ø ¾¢í¸û «ýÚ 10.30 ìÌ ¾¨ÃÂ¢ÈíÌõ. (iii) 1000, 100, 10, 1, ___ , ___, ...
¦ºý¨ÉÂ¢ý ¾¢ð¼ §¿ÃÁ¡ÉÐ Äñ¼É¢ý ¾¢ð¼ §¿Ãò¨¾ Å¢¼
Å¢¨¼:- (i) 25 , 31
4.30 Á½¢ §¿Ãõ ÓýÉ¾¡¸ þÕìÌõ ±ýÀ¾¡ø,
(ii) 5
þÄñ¼É¢ø Å¢Á¡Éõ ¾¨ÃÂ¢ÈíÌõ §¿Ãõ = 10.30 − 4.30
(iii) 0.1 , 0.01
= 6 ¸¡¨Ä. 2) ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¡ÉÐ _______________ ¸½ò¾¢ø
∙ Å¢Á¡ÉÁ¡ÉÐ ¾¢í¸û «ýÚ ¸¡¨Ä 6 Á½¢ÂÇÅ¢ø Å¨ÃÂ¨È ¦ºöÂôÀð¼ º¡÷À¡Ìõ.
þÄñ¼ý Å¢Á¡É ¿¢¨ÄÂò¾¢ø ¾¨ÃÂ¢ÈíÌõ. Å¢¨¼:- þÂø ±ñ¸Ç¢ý
¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º¸û 3) 0,2,6,12,20, … ±ýÈ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý 𝑛 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ
¦Áö¦Âñ¸Ç¢ý ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º ±ýÀÐ þÂø ±ñ¸Ç¢ý _________.
Á£Ð Å¨ÃÂÚì¸ôÀð¼ ¦Áö¦Âñ Á¾¢ôÒ¸¨Çô ¦ÀÚõ Å¢¨¼:- (𝑛 − 1)𝑛
º¡÷À¡Ìõ. 4) ºÃ¢Â¡ , ¾ÅÈ¡ ±Éì ÜÚ¸.
´Õ ¦¾¡¼÷ 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 , … , 𝑎𝑛 ±É ±Ø¾Ä¡õ.
ÅÃ¢¨º¨Â (i) ±øÄ¡ò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º¸Ùõ º¡÷Ò¸Ç¡Ìõ.
þíÌ 𝑎1 ±ýÀÐ Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ, 𝑎2 ±ýÀÐ þÃñ¼¡õ ¯ÚôÒ (ii) ±øÄ¡ò º¡÷Ò¸Ùõ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º¸Ç¡Ìõ.
Å¢¨¼:- 𝑎7 = −10 − 3 = −13

(i) ºÃ¢
±É§Å, «Îò¾ ãýÚ ¯ÚôÒ¸û, −7 , −10, −13
(ii) ¾ÅÚ
±.¸¡ : 2.19 À¢ýÅÕõ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º¸Ç¢ý «Îò¾ ãýÚ
(iii) 1, 0.1, 0.01, …
¯ÚôÒ¸¨Çì ¸¡ñ¸. þò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø, ´ù¦Å¡Õ ¯ÚôÒõ Óó¨¾Â
1 1
(i) , ,
1
, ,…
1
(ii) 5, 2, −1, −4, … (iii) 1, 0.1, 0.01, …
¯Úô¨À 10 ¬ø ÅÌì¸ì ¸¢¨¼ì¸¢ÈÐ.
2 6 10 14
±É§Å, «Îò¾ ãýÕ ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¡ÉÐ,
¾£÷×:-
0.01
1 1 1 1 𝑎4 = = 0.001
(i) , , , ,… 10
2 6 10 14
þò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø, ¦¾¡Ì¾¢ ´§Ã ±ñ½¡¸ 0.001
𝑎5 = = 0.0001
¯ûÇÐ. §ÁÖõ «Îò¾Îò¾ ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý 10
0.0001
ÀÌ¾¢Â¡ÉÐ 4 «¾¢¸Ã¢ì¸¢ÈÐ. 𝑎6 = = 0.00001
10
±É§Å, «Îò¾ ãýÕ ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¡ÉÐ,
±É§Å, «Îò¾ ãýÚ ¯ÚôÒ¸û,
1 1
𝑎5 = = 0.001 , 0.0001 , 0.00001
14 + 4 18
±.¸¡ : 2.20 À¢ýÅÕõ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º¸Ç¢ý ¦À¡Ð ¯ÚôÒ ¸¡ñ¸.
1 1
𝑎6 = = 1 2 3
18 + 4 22 (i) 3, 6, 9, … (ii) , , ,… (iii) 5, −25, 125, …
2 3 4
1 1
𝑎7 = = ¾£÷×:-
22 + 4 26
1 1 1 (i) 3, 6, 9, …
±É§Å, «Îò¾ ãýÚ ¯ÚôÒ¸û, , 22 , 26 þò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø ¯ûÇ ¯ÚôÒ¸û 3 - þý
18
Á¼íÌ¸Ç¡¸ ¯ûÇÉ.
(ii) 5, 2, −1, −4, …
±É§Å, ¦À¡Ð ¯ÚôÒ, 𝑎𝑛 = 3𝑛 , 𝑛 ∈ ℕ
þò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø, ´ù¦Å¡Õ ¯ÚôÀ¢Ä¢ÕóÐõ 3
1 2 3
³ì ¸Æ¢ì¸ «Îò¾ ¯ÚôÒ ¸¢¨¼ì¸¢ÈÐ. (ii) , , ,…
2 3 4
±É§Å, «Îò¾ ãýÕ ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¡ÉÐ, þò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø, ´ù§Å¡÷ ¯ÚôÀ¢Öõ
¦¾¡Ì¾¢Â¡ÉÐ ÅÃ¢¨º þÂø ±ñ¸Ç¡¸×õ,
𝑎5 = −4 − 3 = −7 ÀÌ¾¢Â¡ÉÐ ¦¾¡Ì¾¢¨Â Å¢¼ ´ýÚ ÜÎ¾Ä¡¸×õ
¯ûÇÐ.
𝑎6 = −7 − 3 = −10 ±É§Å, ¦À¡Ð ¯ÚôÒ,
𝑛
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛+1 , 𝑛 ∈ ℕ
𝑎2 𝑎3
= =
(iii) 5, −25, 125, … 𝑎1 + 3 𝑎2 + 3
þò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø, «Îò¾Îò¾ ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ø + 1 1
ÁüÚõ − ±Éì ÌÈ¢¸û Á¡È¢ Á¡È¢ ÅóÐûÇÉ.

= 4
1+3 =
5 – Â¢ý «ÎìÌ¸Ç¡¸×õ 1+3
§ÁÖõ ¯ÚôÒ¸û 1 1
«¨ÁóÐûÇÉ. = 1 1 1
4 = 4
= x =
±É§Å, ¦À¡Ð ¯ÚôÒ, 𝑎𝑛 = (−1)𝑛+1 5𝑛 , 𝑛 ∈ ℕ
4 4 4 16
𝑎5−1
±.¸¡ : 2.21 ´Õ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý ¦À¡Ð ¯ÚôÒ À¢ýÅÕÁ¡Ú 𝑎5 =
Å¨ÃÂÚì¸ôÀÎ¸¢ÈÐ. 𝑎5−2 + 3
𝑎4
𝑛(𝑛 + 3) ; 𝑛∈ℕ =
ஓர் ஒற் லற எண் 𝑎3 + 3
𝑎𝑛 = {
𝑛2 + 1 ; 𝑛∈ℕ ஓர் இரட்லட எண் 1
16
= 1
11 -ÅÐ ÁüÚõ 18 –ÅÐ ¯Úô¨Àì ¸¡ñ¸. +3
4
1
¾£÷×:-
16
¾Ã×, 𝑛 µ÷ ஒற் லற ±ñ ±É¢ø, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛(𝑛 + 3) = 1+12
4
𝑛 µ÷ இரட்லட ±ñ ±É¢ø, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 + 1 1
𝑎11 = 11(11 + 3) = 11(14) = 154 = 16
13
𝑎18 = 182 + 1 = 324 + 1 = 325 4
1 4
±.¸¡ : 2.22 À¢ýÅÕõ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý Ó¾ø ³óÐ = x
𝑎𝑛−1 16 13
¯ÚôÒ¸¨Çì ¸¡ñ¸. 𝑎1 = 1, 𝑎2 = 1, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 , 𝑛 ≥ 3, 𝑛 ∈ ℕ 1
𝑛−2 +3
=
52
¾£÷×:- ±É§Å, ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý Ó¾ø ³óÐ ¯ÚôÒ¸û,
𝑎1 = 1 1 1 1
1 , 1, , ,
𝑎2 = 1 4 16 52
𝑎𝑛−1
𝑎𝑛 = , 𝑛 ≥ 3, 𝑛 ∈ ℕ
𝑎𝑛−2 + 3
𝑎3−1 𝑎4−1
𝑎3 = 𝑎4 =
𝑎3−2 + 3 𝑎4−2 + 3
ÀÂ¢üº¢ - 2.4 5 5+1 6 6

= 2
= 2
=
1) À¢ýÅÕõ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º¸Ç¢ý «Îò¾ ãýÚ 36 (6 + 1) (7) 49
¯ÚôÒ¸¨Çì ¸¡ñ¸. ±É§Å, «Îò¾ ãýÚ ¯ÚôÒ¸û,
1 2 3
(i) 8, 24, 72, … (ii) 5, 1, −3, … (iii) , , ,… 4 5 6
4 9 16
¾£÷×:- , ,
25 36 49
(iv) 8, 24, 72, … 2) À¢ýÅÕõ 𝑛 –ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ¸¨Çì ¦¸¡ñ¼
¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º¸Ç¢ý Ó¾ø ¿¡ýÌ ¯ÚôÒ¸¨Çì ¸¡ñ¸.
þò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø, ´ù¦Å¡Õ ¯Úô¨ÀÔõ 3 ¬ø
(i) 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛3 − 2 (ii) 𝑎𝑛 = (−1)𝑛+1 𝑛(𝑛 + 1) (iii) 𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑛2 − 6
¦ÀÕì¸ «Îò¾ ¯ÚôÒ ¸¢¨¼ì¸¢ÈÐ. ¾£÷×:-
72 x 3 = 216 , 216 x 3 = 648 , 648 x 3 = 1944 (i) 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛 3 − 2
±É§Å, «Îò¾ ãýÚ ¯ÚôÒ¸û, 𝑎1 = 13 − 2 = 1 − 2 = −1
216, 648, 1944 𝑎2 = 23 − 2 = 8 − 2 = 6
(v) 5, 1, −3, … 𝑎3 = 33 − 2 = 27 − 2 = 25
þò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø, ´ù¦Å¡Õ ¯ÚôÀ¢Ä¢ÕóÐõ 4
³ì ¸Æ¢ì¸ «Îò¾ ¯ÚôÒ ¸¢¨¼ì¸¢ÈÐ.
𝑎4 = 43 − 2 = 64 − 2 = 62
5−4=1 , 1 − 4 = −3 , −3 − 4 = −7 ∙ Ó¾ø ¿¡ýÌ ¯ÚôÒ¸û : −1, 6, 25, 62

±É§Å, «Îò¾ ãýÚ ¯ÚôÒ¸û, (ii) 𝑎𝑛 = (−1)𝑛+1 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
1, −3, −7 𝑎1 = (−1)1+1 (1)(1 + 1) = (−1)2 (1)(2) = 1 x 2 = 2
1 2 3
(vi) , , ,… 𝑎2 = (−1)2+1 (2)(2 + 1) = (−1)3 (2)(3) = −1 x 6 = −6
4 9 16
þò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø, ¦¾¡Ì¾¢Â¡ÉÐ 1
𝑎3 = (−1)3+1 (3)(3 + 1) = (−1)4 (3)(4) = 1 x 12 = 12
«¾¢¸Ã¢òÐì¦¸¡ñ§¼ ¦ºø¸¢ÈÐ. ÀÌ¾¢Â¡ÉÐ
𝑎4 = (−1)4+1 (4)(4 + 1) = (−1)5 (4)(5) = −1 x 20 = −20
¦¾¡Ì¾¢Ô¼ý 1 ³ì ÜðÊ Å÷ì¸ôÀÎò¾ ¸¢¨¼ì¸¢ÈÐ.
∙ Ó¾ø ¿¡ýÌ ¯ÚôÒ¸û : 2, −6, 12, −20
3 3+1 4 4
= 2
= 2
= (iii) 𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑛2 − 6
16 (4 + 1) (5) 25
4 4+1 5 5 𝑎1 = 2(1)2 − 6 = 2(1) − 6 = 2 − 6 = −4
= = =
25 (5 + 1)2 (6)2 36 𝑎2 = 2(2)2 − 6 = 2(4) − 6 = 8 − 6 = 2
𝑎3 = 2(3)2 − 6 = 2(9) − 6 = 18 − 6 = 12
𝑎4 = 2(4)2 − 6 = 2(16) − 6 = 32 − 6 = 26 .
∙ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý 𝑛 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ, 𝑎𝑛 = 5𝑛 − 2
∙ Ó¾ø ¿¡ýÌ ¯ÚôÒ¸û : −4, 2, 12, 26
3) ¸£§Æ ¦¸¡Îì¸ôÀðÎûÇ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º¸Ç¢ý 𝑛 – ÅÐ 4) ¸£úì¸ñ¼ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º¸û ´ù¦Å¡ýÈ¢Öõ 𝑛–ÅÐ

¯Úô¨Àì ¸¡ñ¸. ¯ÚôÒ ¦¸¡Îì¸ôÀðÎûÇÐ. «¾¢ø
1 2 ÌÈ¢ôÀ¢¼ôÀðÎûÇ ¯ÚôÒ¸¨Çì ¸¡ñ¸.
(i) 2, 5, 10, 17, … (ii) 0, , , … (iii) 3, 8, 13, 18, … 5𝑛
2 3
¾£÷×:- (i) 𝑎𝑛 = ; 𝑎6 ÁüÚõ 𝑎13
𝑛+2
(ii) 𝑎𝑛 = −(𝑛2 − 4) ; 𝑎4 ÁüÚõ 𝑎11
(i) 2, 5, 10, 17, …
¾£÷×:-
𝑎1 = 2 = 12 + 1
5𝑛
𝑎2 = 5 = 22 + 1 (i) 𝑎𝑛 =
𝑛+2
𝑎3 = 10 = 32 + 1
. 5(6) 30 15
𝑎6 = = =
. 6+2 8 4
. 5(13) 65 13
∙ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý 𝑛 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 + 1 𝑎13 = = =
1 2
13 + 2 15 3
(ii) 0, 2 , 3 , …
(ii) 𝑎𝑛 = −(𝑛2 − 4)
1−1 𝑎4 = −(42 − 4) = −(16 − 4) = −12
𝑎1 = 0 =
1
1 2−1 𝑎11 = −(112 − 4) = −(121 − 4) = −117
𝑎2 = =
2 2 5) ´Õ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý ¦À¡Ð ¯ÚôÒ À¢ýÅÕÁ¡Ú
2 3−1 Å¨ÃÂÚì¸ÀôÎ¸¢ÈÐ.
𝑎3 = =
3 3 𝑛2 −1
; 𝑛∈ℕ ஓர் இரட்லட எண்
. 𝑎𝑛 = { 𝑛+3
. 𝑛2 ஓர் ஒற் லற எண்
; 𝑛∈ℕ
. 2𝑛+1
𝑛−1 𝑎8 ÁüÚõ 𝑎15 ³ì ¸¡ñ¸.
∙ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý 𝑛 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ, 𝑎𝑛 = ¾£÷×:-
𝑛
(iii) 3, 8, 13, 18, … 𝑛2 −1
𝑎1 = 3 = 5 − 2 = 5(1) − 2 ¾Ã×, 𝑛 µ÷ இரட்லட ±ñ ±É¢ø, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛+3
𝑎2 = 8 = 10 − 2 = 5(2) − 2 𝑛2
𝑛 µ÷ ஒற் லற ±ñ ±É¢ø, 𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑛+1
𝑎3 = 13 = 15 − 2 = 5(3) − 2
. 82 − 1 64 − 1 63
. 𝑎8 = = =
8+3 11 11
152 225 225 1, 4, 7, 10, …

𝑎15 = = =
2(15) + 1 30 + 1 31 ¦À¡ÐÅÊÅõ:-
6) 𝑎1 = 1, 𝑎2 = 1, 𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑎𝑛−1 + 𝑎𝑛−2 , 𝑛 ≥ 3, 𝑛 ∈ ℕ
±É¢ø,
¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý Ó¾ø ¬Ú ¯ÚôÒ¸¨Çì ¸¡ñ¸. 𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑, 𝑎 + 2𝑑, 𝑎 + 3𝑑 , …
¾£÷×:-
«¾¡ÅÐ, 𝑡1 = 𝑎, 𝑡2 = 𝑎 + 𝑑, 𝑡3 = 𝑎 + 2𝑑 , …
𝑎1 = 1
𝑎2 = 1 þíÌ, 𝑎 = Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ ÁüÚõ
𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑎𝑛−1 + 𝑎𝑛−2 , 𝑛 ≥ 3, 𝑛 ∈ ℕ
𝑑 = ¦À¡Ð Å¢ò¾¢Â¡ºõ = 𝑡2 − 𝑡1
𝑎3 = 2𝑎3−1 + 𝑎3−2 𝑎4 = 2𝑎4−1 + 𝑎4−2
= 2𝑎2 + 𝑎1 = 2𝑎3 + 𝑎2 ÌÈ¢ôÒ:-
= 2(1) + 1 = 2(3) + 1
 ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø ÓÊ×Ú ±ñ½¢ì¨¸Â¢ø
= 2+1 = 6+1 ¯ÚôÒ¸û «¨ÁÔÁ¡É¡ø «Ð ÓÊ×Ú
=3 =7 ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º ±ÉôÀÎõ.
𝑎5 = 2𝑎5−1 + 𝑎5−2 𝑎6 = 2𝑎6−1 + 𝑎6−2  ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø ÓÊ×È¡ ±ñ½¢ì¨¸Â¢ø
¯ÚôÒ¸û «¨ÁÔÁ¡É¡ø «Ð ÓÊ×È¡
= 2𝑎4 + 𝑎3 = 2𝑎5 + 𝑎4
ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º ±ÉôÀÎõ.
= 2(7) + 3 = 2(17) + 7
= 14 + 3 = 34 + 7 ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý 𝑛 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ «øÄÐ
= 17 = 41 ¦À¡Ð ¯ÚôÒ
±É§Å, ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý Ó¾ø ¬Ú ¯ÚôÒ¸û,
´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý 𝑛 - ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ 𝑡𝑛 ±É¢ø,
1 , 1, 3 , 7 , 17 , 41
𝒕𝒏 = 𝒂 + (𝒏 − 𝟏)𝒅 ¬Ìõ. þíÌ, 𝑎 = Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ ÁüÚõ
ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º (A.P)
𝑑 = ¦À¡Ð Å¢ò¾¢Â¡ºõ ¬Ìõ.
´Õ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý ±ó¾ þÕ «Îò¾Îò¾
¯ÚôÒ¸Ùì¸¢¨¼§Â ¯ûÇ Å¢ò¾¢Â¡ºõ ºÁõ ±É¢ø
ÓÊ×Ú ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø ¯ûÇ
«ò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º ±ÉôÀÎõ.
¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ±ñ½¢ì¨¸
±.¸¡:-
´Õ ÓÊ×Ú ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø ¯ûÇ ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý
1, 3, 5, 7, … ±ñ½¢ì¨¸,
𝒍−𝒂
2, 4, 6, 8, … 𝒏=( )+𝟏
𝒅
¬Ìõ. þíÌ, 𝑎 = Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ , 𝑑 = ¦À¡Ð Å¢ò¾¢Â¡ºõ Å¢¨¼:- 𝟐𝒅

ÁüÚõ 𝑙 = ¸¨¼º¢ ¯ÚôÒ ¬Ìõ. 𝑡𝑛+1 − 𝑡𝑛−1 = [𝑎 + (𝑛 + 1 − 1)𝑑] − [𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1 − 1)𝑑]
= [𝑎 + 𝑛𝑑] − [𝑎 + (𝑛 − 2)𝑑]
= 𝑎 + 𝑛𝑑 − [𝑎 + 𝑛𝑑 − 2𝑑]
ÌÈ¢ôÒ:-
= 𝑎 + 𝑛𝑑 − 𝑎 + 𝑛𝑑 − 2𝑑
 ¦À¡Ð Å¢ò¾¢Â¡ºÁ¡ÉÐ Á¢¨¸ ±ñ½¡¸§Å¡, Ì¨È = 2𝑑
±ñ½¡¸§Å¡ «øÄÐ âîº¢ÂÁ¡¸§Å¡ «¨ÁÂÄ¡õ.
 ¦À¡Ð Å¢ò¾¢Â¡ºõ âîº¢ÂÁ¡¸ì ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ ÜðÎò Óý§ÉüÈî §º¡¾¨É:-
¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º Á¡È¢Ä¢ì ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º ±ÉôÀÎõ. 1) Á¡È¢Ä¢ì ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý ¦À¡ÐÅ¢ò¾¢Â¡ºõ
_____.
Óý§ÉüÈî §º¡¾¨É:- Å¢¨¼:- 𝟎 (âîº¢Âõ)
1) ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý ¦¾¡¼÷îº¢ÂÉ þÕ 2) ´Õ ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ 𝒂, ¸¨¼º¢
¯ÚôÒ¸éì¸¢¨¼§Â ¯ûÇ Å¢ò¾¢Â¡ºõ _____. ¯ÚôÒ 𝒍 ±É¢ø «ò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø ¯ûÇ
Å¢¨¼:- 𝒅 (¦À¡Ð Å¢ò¾¢Â¡ºõ) ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ±ñ½¢ì¨¸ _____.
𝒍−𝒂
2) ´Õ ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ 𝒂 ÁüÚõ Å¢¨¼:- ( )+𝟏
𝒅
¦À¡Ð Å¢ò¾¢Â¡ºõ 𝒅 ±É¢ø, «¾ý 8 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ ____.
ÌÈ¢ôÒ:-
Å¢¨¼:- 𝑡8 = 𝑎 + (8 − 1)𝑑 = 𝒂 + 𝟕𝒅
3) 𝑡𝑛 ±ýÀÐ ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý 𝑛 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ  ´Õ ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø ´ù§Å¡÷ ¯ÚôÒ¼ý ´Õ
±É¢ø, 𝑡2𝑛 − 𝑡𝑛 - Â¢ý Á¾¢ôÒ ______. Á¡È¡¾ ±ñ¨½ì ÜðÊÉ¡§Ä¡ «øÄÐ ¸Æ¢ò¾¡§Ä¡
¸¢¨¼ìÌõ Ò¾¢Â ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÔõ ´Õ ÜðÎò
Å¢¨¼:- 𝒏𝒅
¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¡Ìõ.
𝑡2𝑛 − 𝑡𝑛 = [𝑎 + (2𝑛 − 1)𝑑] − [𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]  ´Õ ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø ´ù§Å¡÷ ¯Úô¨ÀÔõ
= [𝑎 + 2𝑛𝑑 − 𝑑] − [𝑎 + 𝑛𝑑 − 𝑑] ´Õ âîº¢ÂÁüÈ Á¡È¢Ä¢Â¡ø ¦ÀÕì¸¢É¡§Ä¡ «øÄÐ
= 𝑎 + 2𝑛𝑑 − 𝑑 − 𝑎 − 𝑛𝑑 + 𝑑 ÅÌò¾¡§Ä¡ ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ Ò¾¢Â ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÔõ ´Õ
= 2𝑛𝑑 + 𝑛𝑑 ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¡Ìõ.
 ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý «Îò¾Îò¾ ãýÚ
= 𝑛𝑑
¯ÚôÒ¸¨Ç 𝑎 − 𝑑 , 𝑎 , 𝑎 + 𝑑 ±É ±ÎòÐì¦¸¡ûÇÄ¡õ.
º¢ó¾¨Éì¸Çõ:-  ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý «Îò¾Îò¾ ¿¡ýÌ
¯ÚôÒ¸¨Ç 𝑎 − 3𝑑 , 𝑎 − 𝑑 , 𝑎 + 𝑑 , 𝑎 + 3𝑑 ±É
 𝑡𝑛 ±ýÀÐ ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý 𝑛 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ
±ÎòÐì¦¸¡ûÇÄ¡õ. þíÌ ¦À¡Ð Å¢ò¾¢Â¡ºõ 2𝑑
±É¢ø, 𝑡𝑛+1 − 𝑡𝑛−1 - Â¢ý Á¾¢ôÒ ______. ¬Ìõ.
 𝑎 ,𝑏 , 𝑐 ±ýÈ ãýÈ âîº¢ÂÁüÈ ±ñ¸û 𝑡2 − 𝑡1 = 4 − 2 = 2

ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø þÕìÌ¦ÁÉ¢ø, 2𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑐 𝑡3 − 𝑡2 = 8 − 4 = 4
¬Ìõ. þíÌ, 𝑡2 − 𝑡1 ≠ 𝑡3 − 𝑡2
±É§Å, ¾ÃôÀðÎûÇÐ µ÷ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º
Óý§ÉüÈî §º¡¾¨É:- «øÄ.
1) ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý ´ù¦Å¡Õ ¯Úô¨ÀÔõ 3 (iii) 3√2, 5√2, 7√2, 9√2, …
- ¬ø ¦ÀÕì¸¢É¡ø ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ Ò¾¢Â
ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý ¦À¡Ð Å¢ò¾¢Â¡ºõ _____. ¾Ã×, 𝑡1 = 3√2, 𝑡2 = 53√2, 𝑡3 = 73√2, 𝑡4 = 93√2 , …
Å¢¨¼:- 𝟑𝒅 𝑡2 − 𝑡1 = 5√2 − 3√2 = 2√2
2) 𝑎 , 𝑏 , 𝑐 ±ýÈ ãýÈ ±ñ¸û ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø 𝑡3 − 𝑡2 = 7√2 − 5√2 = 2√2
«¨ÁÔõ ±É þÕó¾¡ø ÁðÎ§Á _______. 𝑡4 − 𝑡23 = 9√2 − 7√2 = 2√2
Å¢¨¼:- 𝟐𝒃 = 𝒂 + 𝒄 ...
±.¸¡ : 2.23 À¢ýÅÕõ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º¸û ÜðÎò
...
¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¡, þø¨ÄÂ¡ ±Éî §º¡¾¢ì¸¸×õ. ...
þíÌ, 𝑡2 − 𝑡1 = 𝑡3 − 𝑡2 = ⋯ = 2√2
(i) 𝑥 + 2, 2𝑥 + 3, 3𝑥 + 4, … (ii) 2, 4, 8, 16, … ±É§Å, ¾ÃôÀðÎûÇÐ µ÷ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º.
(iii) 3√2, 5√2, 7√2, 9√2, … ±.¸¡ : 2.24 Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ 20 ¬¸×õ ¦À¡Ð Å¢ò¾¢Â¡ºõ 8
¬¸×õ ¦¸¡ñ¼ ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º¨Â ±Ø¾×õ.
¾£÷×:-
¾£÷×:-
(i) ¾Ã×, 𝑡1 = 𝑥 + 2, 𝑡2 = 2𝑥 + 3, 𝑡3 = 3𝑥 + 4, …
𝑡2 − 𝑡1 = (2𝑥 + 3) − (𝑥 + 2) = 2𝑥 + 3 − 𝑥 − 2 = 𝑥 + 1 ¾Ã×, Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ 𝑎 = 20 ÁüÚõ ¦À¡Ð Å¢ò¾¢Â¡ºõ 𝑑 = 8
𝑡3 − 𝑡2 = (3𝑥 + 4) − (2𝑥 + 3) = 3𝑥 + 4 − 2𝑥 − 3 = 𝑥 + 1
WKT, ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý ¦À¡Ð ÅÊÅõ:
...
... 𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑, 𝑎 + 2𝑑, 𝑎 + 3𝑑 , …
...
±É§Å, §¾¨ÅÂ¡É ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º:
þíÌ, 𝑡2 − 𝑡1 = 𝑡3 − 𝑡2 = ⋯ = 𝑥 + 1
±É§Å, ¾ÃôÀðÎûÇÐ µ÷ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º. 20, 20 + 8, 20 + 2(8), 20 + 3(8), …
(ii) 2, 4, 8, 16, … 20, 28, 20 + 16, 20 + 24 , …

¾Ã×, 𝑡1 = 2, 𝑡2 = 4, 𝑡3 = 8, 𝑡4 = 16, … 20, 28, 36, 44 , …
3, 15, 27, 29, … ±ýÈ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý 15 –ÅÐ, 24 -

±.¸¡ : 2.25 ¸¨¼º¢ ¯ÚôÒ 𝑙 = 111
ÅÐ ÁüÚõ 𝑛 –ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ ¸¡ñ¸. 𝑙−𝑎
WKT, ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ±ñ½¢ì¨¸, 𝑛 = ( )+1
𝑑
¾£÷×:-
111 − 3
¾Ã×, Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ 𝑎=3 ∴ 𝑛=( )+1
3
¦À¡Ð Å¢ò¾¢Â¡ºõ 𝑑 = 15 − 3 = 12
108
WKT, 𝑛 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ, 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 =( )+1
3
15 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ = 𝑡15 24 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ = 𝑡24
= 36 + 1
= 𝑎 + 14𝑑 = 𝑎 + 23𝑑
= 37
= 3 + 14(12) = 3 + 23(12)
±É§Å, ¾ÃôÀðÎûÇ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø 37
= 3 + 168 = 3 + 276 ¯ÚôÒ¸û ¯ûÇÉ.
= 171 = 279 ±.¸¡ : 2.27 ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý 7 –ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ −1

𝑛 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ = 𝑡𝑛 ÁüÚõ 16 –ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ 17 ±É¢ø, «¾ý ¦À¡Ð ¯Úô¨Àì
¸¡ñ¸.
= 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
¾£÷×:-
= 3 + (𝑛 − 1)(12) WKT, 𝑛 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ, 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
¾Ã×, 𝑡7 = −1 ÁüÚõ 𝑡16 = 17
= 3 + 12𝑛 − 12
= 12𝑛 − 9 ⟹ 𝑎 + 6𝑑 = −1 → (1) ÁüÚõ 𝑎 + 15𝑑 = 17 → (2)
±.¸¡ : 2.26 3, 6, 9, 12, … , 111 ±ýÈ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø ºÁýÀ¡Î¸û (1) ÁüÚõ (2) -³ò ¾£÷ì¸,
¯ûÇ ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ±ñ½¢ì¨¸¨Âì ¸¡ñ¸.
(1) : 𝑎 + 6𝑑 = −1
¾£÷×:-
(2) : 𝑎 + 15𝑑 = 17
¾Ã×, Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ 𝑎=3
¦À¡Ð Å¢ò¾¢Â¡ºõ 𝑑 =6−3=3 (−) (−) (−)
(1) − (2) : 6𝑑 − 15𝑑 = −1 − 17

¾£÷×:-
−9𝑑 = −18 WKT, 𝑛 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ, 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
−18 ¾Ã×, 𝑡𝑙 = 𝑥 , 𝑡𝑚 = 𝑦 ÁüÚõ 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑧
𝑑=
−9
⟹ 𝑎 + (𝑙 − 1)𝑑 = 𝑥 → (1)
𝑑=2
𝑎 + (𝑚 − 1)𝑑 = 𝑦 → (2)
𝑑 = 2 -³ ºÁýÀ¡Î (1) þø À¢Ã¾¢Â¼,
𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 = 𝑧 → (3)
𝑎 + 6(2) = −1
(i) 𝑥(𝑚 − 𝑛) + 𝑦(𝑛 − 𝑙) + 𝑧(𝑙 − 𝑚)
𝑎 + 12 = −1 = [𝑎 + (𝑙 − 1)𝑑](𝑚 − 𝑛) + [𝑎 + (𝑚 − 1)𝑑](𝑛 − 𝑙)
+ [𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑](𝑙 − 𝑚)
𝑎 = −1 − 12 = [𝑎 + 𝑙𝑑 − 𝑑](𝑚 − 𝑛) + [𝑎 + 𝑚𝑑 − 𝑑](𝑛 − 𝑙) + [𝑎 + 𝑛𝑑 − 𝑑](𝑙
− 𝑚)
𝑎 = −13
= 𝑚𝑎 + 𝑚𝑙𝑑 − 𝑚𝑑 − 𝑛𝑎 − 𝑛𝑙𝑑 + 𝑛𝑑 + 𝑛𝑎 + 𝑚𝑛𝑑 − 𝑛𝑑 − 𝑙𝑎
∙ ¦À¡Ð ¯ÚôÒ = 𝑡𝑛 − 𝑙𝑚𝑑 + 𝑙𝑑 + 𝑙𝑎 + 𝑙𝑛𝑑 − 𝑙𝑑 − 𝑚𝑎 − 𝑚𝑛𝑑 + 𝑚𝑑
=0
= 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ¿¢åÀ¢ì¸ôÀð¼Ð.
(ii) ºÁýÀ¡Î (1) – Ä¢ÕóÐ (2) ³ì ¸Æ¢ò¾¡ø ¸¢¨¼ôÀÐ,
= −13 + (𝑛 − 1)(2) 𝑥 − 𝑦 = [𝑎 + (𝑙 − 1)𝑑] − [𝑎 + (𝑚 − 1)𝑑]
= [𝑎 + 𝑙𝑑 − 𝑑] − [𝑎 + 𝑚𝑑 − 𝑑]
= −13 + 2𝑛 − 2
= 𝑎 + 𝑙𝑑 − 𝑑 − 𝑎 − 𝑚𝑑 + 𝑑
= 2𝑛 − 15 = 𝑙𝑑 − 𝑚𝑑
𝑥 − 𝑦 = (𝑙 − 𝑚)𝑑
±.¸¡ : 2.28 ´Õ ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý 𝑙, 𝑚 ÁüÚõ 𝑛 ¬ÅÐ þ§¾ §À¡ýÚ, ºÁýÀ¡Î (2) – Ä¢ÕóÐ (3) ³ì ¸Æ¢ò¾¡ø
¯ÚôÒ¸û Ó¨È§Â, 𝑥, 𝑦 ÁüÚõ 𝑧 ±É¢ø, À¢ýÅÕÅÉÅü¨È ¸¢¨¼ôÀÐ, 𝑦 − 𝑧 = (𝑚 − 𝑛)𝑑
¿¢åÀ¢ì¸.
þ§¾ §À¡ýÚ, ºÁýÀ¡Î (3) – Ä¢ÕóÐ (1) ³ì ¸Æ¢ò¾¡ø
(i) 𝑥(𝑚 − 𝑛) + 𝑦(𝑛 − 𝑙) + 𝑧(𝑙 − 𝑚) = 0 ¸¢¨¼ôÀÐ, 𝑧 − 𝑥 = (𝑛 − 𝑙)𝑑
(ii) (𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑛 + (𝑦 − 𝑧)𝑙 + (𝑧 − 𝑥)𝑚 = 0 (𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑛 + (𝑦 − 𝑧)𝑙 + (𝑧 − 𝑥)𝑚
= (𝑙 − 𝑚)𝑑𝑛 + (𝑚 − 𝑛)𝑑𝑙 + (𝑛 − 𝑙)𝑑𝑚
= 𝑑(𝑙𝑛 − 𝑚𝑛 + 𝑙𝑚 − 𝑙𝑛 + 𝑚𝑛 − 𝑙𝑚) +6𝑎𝑑 = 276

= 𝑑(0)
4𝑎2 + 20𝑑2 = 276
=0
¿¢åÀ¢ì¸ôÀð¼Ð.
4(7)2 + 20𝑑2 = 276
±.¸¡ : 2.29 ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý «Îò¾Îò¾ ¿¡ýÌ
4(49) + 20𝑑 2 = 276
¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø 28 ÁüÚõ «ÅüÈ¢ý Å÷ì¸í¸Ç¢ý
ÜÎ¾ø 276 ±É¢ø «ó¾ ±ñ¸¨Çì ¸¡ñ¸. 196 + 20𝑑 2 = 276
20𝑑2 = 276 − 196

¾£÷×:-
´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý «Îò¾Îò¾ ¿¡ýÌ ¯ÚôÒ¸¨Ç 20𝑑2 = 80
Ó¨È§Â 𝑎 − 3𝑑 , 𝑎 − 𝑑 , 𝑎 + 𝑑, 𝑎 + 3𝑑 ±ý¸.
80
𝑑2 =
¾Ã×, «Îò¾Îò¾ ¿¡ýÌ ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø = 28 20
𝑎 − 3𝑑 + 𝑎 − 𝑑 + 𝑎 + 𝑑 + 𝑎 + 3𝑑 = 28 𝑑2 = 4
4𝑎 = 28 𝑑 = ±2
28 (i) 𝑎=7 ÁüÚõ 𝑑=2 ±É¢ø §¾¨ÅÂ¡É ¿¡ýÌ

𝑎= ±ñ¸û,
4
7 − 3(2), 7 − 2, 7 + 2, 7 + 3(2)
𝑎=7 7 − 6, 5, 9, 7+6
1, 5, 9, 13
¾Ã×, ¿¡ýÌ ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý Å÷ì¸í¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø = 276
(ii) 𝑎 = 7 ÁüÚõ 𝑑 = −2 ±É¢ø §¾¨ÅÂ¡É ¿¡ýÌ
±ñ¸û,
(𝑎 − 3𝑑 )2 + (𝑎 − 𝑑)2 + (𝑎 + 𝑑)2 + (𝑎 + 3𝑑)2 = 276
7 − 3(−2), 7 − (−2), 7 + (−2), 7 + 3(−2)
2 (3𝑑)2 2 2 2 2 2
𝑎 + − 2(𝑎)(3𝑑) + 𝑎 + 𝑑 − 2𝑎𝑑 + 𝑎 + 𝑑 + 2𝑎𝑑 + 𝑎 7 + 6, 7 + 2, 7 − 2, 7−6
13, 9, 5, 1
+(3𝑑)2 + 2(𝑎)(3𝑑) = 276
𝑎2 + 9𝑑 2 − 6𝑎𝑑 + 𝑎2 + 𝑑 2 − 2𝑎𝑑 + 𝑎2 + 𝑑 2 + 2𝑎𝑑 + 𝑎2 + 9𝑑 2
±.¸¡ : 2.30 ´Õ ¾¡ö ¾ýÉ¢¼õ ¯ûÇ å.207 ³ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ −138

ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø «¨ÁÔõ ãýÚ À¡¸í¸Ç¡¸ô À¢Ã¢òÐò ¾ÉÐ ãýÚ
𝑑=
−69
ÌÆó¨¾¸ÙìÌõ ¦¸¡Îì¸ Å¢ÕõÀ¢É¡÷. «ÅüÈ¢ø þÕ º¢È¢Â
¦¾¡¨¸¸Ç¢ý ¦ÀÕì¸üÀÄý å.4623 ¬Ìõ. ´ù¦Å¡Õ 𝑑=2
ÌÆó¨¾Ôõ ¦ÀÚõ ¦¾¡¨¸Â¢¨Éì ¸¡ñ¸.
∙ ãýÚ ÌÆó¨¾¸ÙìÌõ ¾¡ö À¢Ã¢òÐì¦¸¡Îò¾ ¦¾¡¨¸,
¾£÷×:-
ãýÚ ÌÆó¨¾¸û ¦ÀÚõ ¦¾¡¨¸ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø 69 − 2 , 69 , 69 + 2
«¨ÁÅ¾¡ø «Åü¨È Ó¨È§Â 𝑎 − 𝑑 , 𝑎 , 𝑎 + 𝑑 ±ý¸.
67 , 69 , 71
¾Ã×, ¦¾¡¨¸Â¢ý ÜÎ¾ø = 207 å. 67, å. 69, å. 71
⟹ 𝑎 − 𝑑 + 𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑑 = 207 ÀÂ¢üº¢ - 2.5
3𝑎 = 207 1) À¢ýÅÕõ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º¸û ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¡,

þø¨ÄÂ¡ ±Éî §º¡¾¢ì¸×õ.
207 1 1 1 1
𝑎= (i) 𝑎 − 3, 𝑎 − 5, 𝑎 − 7, … (ii) , , , ,…
2 3 4 5
3 −1 1 2
(iii) 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, … (iv) , 0, 3 , 3 , …
3
𝑎 = 69 (v) 1, −1, 1, −1, 1, −1, …
¾Ã×, þÕ º¢È¢Â ¦¾¡¨¸¸Ç¢ý ¦ÀÕì¸üÀÄý = 4623 ¾£÷×:-
(𝑎 − 𝑑)𝑎 = 4623 (i) ¾Ã×, 𝑡1 = 𝑎 − 3, 𝑡2 = 𝑎 − 5, 𝑡3 = 𝑎 − 7, …

⟹
𝑡2 − 𝑡1 = (𝑎 − 5) − (𝑎 − 3) = 𝑎 − 5 − 𝑎 + 3 = −2
𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑑 = 4623 𝑡3 − 𝑡2 = (𝑎 − 7) − (𝑎 − 5) = 𝑎 − 7 − 𝑎 + 5 = −2
...
(69)2 − 69𝑑 = 4623
...
4761 − 69𝑑 = 4623 ...
þíÌ, 𝑡2 − 𝑡1 = 𝑡3 − 𝑡2 = ⋯ = −2
− 69𝑑 = 4623 − 4761
±É§Å, ¾ÃôÀðÎûÇÐ µ÷ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º.
−69𝑑 = −138
1 1 1 1
(ii) , , , ,… ...
2 3 4 5 1
1 1 1 þíÌ, 𝑡2 − 𝑡1 = 𝑡3 − 𝑡2 = 𝑡4 − 𝑡2 = ⋯ = 3
¾Ã×, 𝑡1 = 2 , 𝑡2 = 3 , 𝑡3 = 5 , …
1 1 2 − 3 −1 ±É§Å, ¾ÃôÀðÎûÇÐ µ÷ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º.
𝑡2 − 𝑡1 = − = =
3 2 3x2 6
1 1 3 − 4 −1 2) ¸£§Æ ¦¸¡Îì¸ôÀðÎûÇ Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ 𝑎 ÁüÚõ ¦À¡Ð
𝑡3 − 𝑡2 = − = =
4 3 4x3 12 Å¢ò¾¢Â¡ºõ 𝑑 –ìÌì ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º¸¨Çì ¸¡ñ¸.
þíÌ, 𝑡2 − 𝑡1 ≠ 𝑡3 − 𝑡2 (i) 𝑎 = 5, 𝑑 = 6 (ii) 𝑎 = 7, 𝑑 = −5
3
(iii) 𝑎 = , 𝑑 =
1
±É§Å, ¾ÃôÀðÎûÇÐ µ÷ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º 4 2
«øÄ.
¾£÷×:-
(iii) 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, …
¾Ã×, 𝑡1 = 9, 𝑡2 = 13, 𝑡3 = 17, … (i) ¾Ã×, 𝑎 = 5, 𝑑 = 6
ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý ¦À¡ÐÅÊÅõ :
𝑡2 − 𝑡1 = 13 − 9 = 4
𝑡3 − 𝑡2 = 17 − 13 = 4 𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑, 𝑎 + 2𝑑, …
𝑡4 − 𝑡3 = 21 − 17 = 4 5, 5 + 6, 5 + 2(6), …
𝑡5 − 𝑡4 = 25 − 21 = 4
... 5, 11, 5 + 12, …
...
5, 11, 17, …
...
þíÌ, 𝑡2 − 𝑡1 = 𝑡3 − 𝑡2 = 𝑡4 − 𝑡3 = ⋯ = 4 (ii) ¾Ã×, 𝑎 = 7, 𝑑 = −5
±É§Å, ¾ÃôÀðÎûÇÐ µ÷ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º. ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý ¦À¡ÐÅÊÅõ :
−1 1 2 𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑, 𝑎 + 2𝑑, …
(iv) , 0, 3 , 3 , …
3
−1 1 2 7, 7 + (−5), 7 + 2(−5), …
¾Ã×, 𝑡1 =
, 𝑡2 = 0, 𝑡3 = 3 , 𝑡4 = 3 …
3
−1 1 7, 7 − 5, 7 − 10, …
𝑡2 − 𝑡1 = 0 − ( ) =
3 3
1 1 7, 2, −3, …
𝑡3 − 𝑡2 = − 0 =
3 3
2 1 2−1 1 3 1
𝑡4 − 𝑡3 = − = = (iii) ¾Ã×, 𝑎 = 4, 𝑑 = 2
3 3 3 3
... ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý ¦À¡ÐÅÊÅõ :
... 𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑, 𝑎 + 2𝑑, …
3 3 1 3 1 𝑑 = −15— (−11) = −15 + 11 = −4

, + , + 2( ), …
4 4 2 4 2 𝑛 = 19
3 3+2 3 WKT, 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
, , + 1, …
4 4 4 ∙ 19 –ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ, = 𝑡19
3 5 3+4 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
, , , …
4 4 4 = −11 + (19 − 1)(−4)
3 5 7 = −11 + (18)(−4)
, , , …
4 4 4 = −11 − 72
3) ¸£§Æ ¦¸¡Îì¸ôÀðÎûÇ ¦À¡Ð ¯ÚôÒ¸¨ÇÔ¨¼Â = −83
ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º¸Ç¢ý Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ ÁüÚõ ¦À¡Ð 5) 16, 11, 6, 1, … ±ýÈ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø −54 ±ýÀÐ
Å¢ò¾¢Â¡ºõ ¸¡ñ¸. ±ò¾¨ÉÂ¡ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ?
(i) 𝑡𝑛 = −3 + 2𝑛 (ii) 𝑡𝑛 = 4 − 7𝑛 ¾£÷×:-
¾£÷×:- þíÌ, 𝑎 = 16 , 𝑑 = 11 − 16 = −5 , 𝑙 = −54
(i) ¾Ã×, 𝑡𝑛 = −3 + 2𝑛 𝑙−𝑎
WKT, 𝑛=( )+1
𝑑
𝑡1 = −3 + 2(1) = −3 + 2 = −1
−54 − 16
𝑡2 = −3 + 2(2) = −3 + 4 = 1 𝑛=( )+1
−5
∙ Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ, 𝑎 = −1 ÁüÚõ −70
=( )+1
¦À¡ÐÅ¢ò¾¢Â¡ºõ, 𝑑 = 𝑡2 − 𝑡1 = 1 − (−1) = 1 + 1 = 2 −5
= 14 + 1
(ii) ¾Ã×, 𝑡𝑛 = 4 − 7𝑛 = 15
𝑡1 = 4 + 7(1) = 4 − 7 = −3 ∙ −54 ±ýÀÐ 15 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ ¬Ìõ.
𝑡2 = 4 − 7(2) = 4 − 14 = −10 6) 9, 15, 21, 27, … , 183

±ýÈ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý ¿Î
¯ÚôÒ¸¨Çì ¸¡ñ¸. [PTA-1]
∙ Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ, 𝑎 = −3 ÁüÚõ ¾£÷×:-
¦À¡ÐÅ¢ò¾¢Â¡ºõ, 𝑑 = 𝑡2 − 𝑡1 = −10 − (−3) = −10 + 3 = −7 þíÌ, 𝑎 = 9 , 𝑑 = 15 − 9 = 6 , 𝑙 = 183
4) −11, −15, −19, … ±ýÈ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý 19 –ÅÐ WKT, 𝑛=(
𝑙−𝑎
)+1
¯Úô¨Àì ¸¡ñ¸. [GMQ] 𝑑
¾£÷×:- ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø ¯ûÇ ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ±ñ½¢ì¨¸,
þíÌ, 𝑎 = −11 183 − 9

𝑛=( )+1
6
174 9𝑎 − 15𝑎 + 72𝑑 − 210𝑑 = 0

=( )+1
6 −6𝑎 − 138𝑑 = 0
= 29 + 1
= 30 , þÐ ´Õ þÃð¨¼ ±ñ. −6(𝑎 + 23𝑑) = 0
𝑛 𝑛 6( 𝑎 + 23𝑑) = 0
∙ ¿Î ¯ÚôÒ = - ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ ÁüÚõ (
2
+ 1) – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ
2
30 30 6𝑡24 = 0
= - ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ ÁüÚõ (
2
+ 1) – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ
2
∙ þÕÀòÐ ¿¡ý¸¡ÅÐ ¯ÚôÀ¢ý ¬Ú Á¼í¸¡ÉÐ
= 15 - ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ ÁüÚõ (15 + 1) – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ âîº¢Âõ ±É ¿¢åÀ¢ì¸ôÀð¼Ð.
= 15 - ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ ÁüÚõ 16 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ 8) 3 + 𝑘, 18 − 𝑘, 5𝑘 + 1 ±ýÀ¨Å ´Õ
ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø ¯ûÇÉ ±É¢ø 𝑘 – ý Á¾¢ôÒ
¸¡ñ¸. [PTA-3, PTA-4]
WKT, 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
¾£÷×:-
15 –ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ, = 𝑡15 16 –ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ, = 𝑡16
¾Ã×, 𝑎 = 3 + 𝑘, 𝑏 = 18 − 𝑘, 𝑐 = 5𝑘 + 1
= 𝑎 + 14𝑑 = 𝑎 + 15𝑑
= 9 + 14(6) = 9 + 15(6) WKT, 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ±ýÀÐ ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý
= 9 + 84 = 9 + 90 ¦¾¡¼÷îº¢Â¡É ãýÚ ¯ÚôÒ¸û ±É¢ø, 2𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑐.

= 93 = 99 2(18 − 𝑘) = 3 + 𝑘 + 5𝑘 + 1
∙ ¿Î ¯ÚôÒ¸û, 93 ÁüÚõ 99
7) ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý ´ýÀ¾¡ÅÐ ¯ÚôÀ¢ý 36 − 2𝑘 = 6𝑘 + 4
´ýÀÐ Á¼íÌõ, À¾¢¨Éó¾¡ÅÐ ¯ÚôÀ¢ý À¾¢¨ÉóÐ
Á¼íÌõ ºÁõ ±É¢ø þÕÀòÐ ¿¡ý¸¡ÅÐ ¯ÚôÀ¢ý −6𝑘 − 2𝑘 = −36 + 4
¬Ú Á¼í¸¡ÉÐ âîº¢Âõ ±É ¿¢Ú×¸.
¾£÷×:- −8𝑘 = −32
WKT, 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 −32
𝑘=
−8
¾Ã×, 𝟗𝑡9 = 15𝑡15
𝑘=4
9(𝑎 + 8𝑑) = 15(𝑎 + 14𝑑)
9) 𝑥, 10, 𝑦, 24, 𝑧
±ýÀ¨Å ´Õ ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø
9𝑎 + 72𝑑 = 15𝑎 + 210𝑑 ¯ûÇÉ ±É¢ø, 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 ¬¸¢ÂÅüÈ¢ý Á¾¢ôÒ ¸¡ñ¸.
9𝑎 + 72𝑑 − 15𝑎 − 210𝑑 = 0 ¾£÷×:-
¾Ã×, 𝑥, 10, 𝑦, 24, 𝑧 ±ýÀ¨Å ´Õ ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º. = 20 + 58

WKT, 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ±ýÀÐ ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý = 78
¦¾¡¼÷îº¢Â¡É ãýÚ ¯ÚôÒ¸û ±É¢ø, 2𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑐.
⟹ 2𝑦 = 10 + 24
11) ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý «Îò¾Îò¾ ãýÚ
2𝑦 = 34
¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø 27 ÁüÚõ «ÅüÈ¢ý
34 ¦ÀÕì¸üÀÄý 288 ±É¢ø «ó¾ ±ñ¸¨Çì ¸¡ñ¸.
𝑦=
2 ¾£÷×:-
𝑦 = 17 ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý «Îò¾Îò¾ ãýÚ
∙ 𝑥, 10, 17, 24, 𝑧 ±ýÀÐ ´Õ ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º. ¯ÚôÒ¸û Ó¨È§Â 𝑎 − 𝑑, 𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑 ±ý¸.
⟹ 𝑑 = 17 − 10 = 7
∙ 𝑥 = 10 − 7 = 3 ÁüÚõ ¾Ã×, 𝑎 − 𝑑 + 𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑑 = 27
𝑧 = 24 + 7 = 31 3𝑎 = 27
±É§Å, 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 17, 𝑧 = 31
27
10) ´Õ º¢É¢Á¡ «Ãí¸¢ý Ó¾ø ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø 20 𝑎=
þÕì¨¸¸Ùõ ¦Á¡ò¾õ 30 ÅÃ¢¨º¸Ùõ ¯ûÇÉ.
3
«Îò¾Îò¾ ´ù¦Å¡Õ ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢Öõ «¾üÌ Óó¨¾Â
ÅÃ¢¨º¨Â Å¢¼ þÃñÎ þÕì¨¸¸û ÜÎ¾Ä¡¸ ¯ûÇÉ. 𝑎=9
¸¨¼º¢ ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø ±ò¾¨É þÕì¨¸¸û þÕìÌõ?
[PTA-4] ¾Ã×, (𝑎 − 𝑑)x 𝑎 x (𝑎 + 𝑑) = 288
¾£÷×:-
(𝑎2 − 𝑑2 ) x 𝑎 = 288
þíÌ, 𝑎 = 20 , 𝑛 = 30 ÁüÚõ 𝑑 = 2
WKT, 𝑛 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ, 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 (92 − 𝑑 2 ) x 9 = 288
∴ ¸¨¼º¢ ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø ¯ûÇ þÕì¨¸¸Ç¢ý ±ñ½¢ì¨¸
= 30 – ÅÐ ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø ¯ûÇ þÕì¨¸¸Ç¢ý 288
81 − 𝑑2 =
±ñ½¢ì¨¸ 9
= 𝑡30 81 − 𝑑2 = 32
= 𝑎 + 29𝑑 81 − 32 = 𝑑2
= 20 + 29(2) 49 = 𝑑 2
𝑑 = ±7 2𝑎 = 4𝑑 =5∶7
⟹ 𝑎 = 9 ÁüÚõ 𝑑 = ±7 𝑎 = 2𝑑 ⟶ (1)
(i) 𝑎 = 9 ÁüÚõ 𝑑 = 7 ±Ûõ §À¡Ð 13) ´Õ ÌÇ¢÷¸¡Äò¾¢ø ¾¢í¸û¸¢Æ¨Á Ó¾ø ¦ÅûÇ¢ì¸¢Æ¨Á

ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý ãýÚ ±ñ¸û, Å¨Ã °ðÊÂ¢ø ¦ÅôÀ¿¢¨Ä ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø
9 − 7, 9, 9+7 ¯ûÇÉ. ¾¢í¸û ¸¢Æ¨Á Ó¾ø Ò¾ý ¸¢Æ¨Á Å¨Ã
2, 9, 16 ¯ûÇ ¦ÅôÀ¿¢¨Ä¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø 0𝑜 𝐶 ÁüÚõ
𝑎 = 9 ÁüÚõ 𝑑 = −7 ±Ûõ §À¡Ð Ò¾ý¸¢Æ¨Á Ó¾ø ¦ÅûÇ¢ì¸¢Æ¨Á Å¨Ã ¯ûÇ
ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý ãýÚ ±ñ¸û ¦ÅôÀ¿¢¨Ä¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø 18𝑜 𝐶 ±É¢ø, ³óÐ ¿¡ð¸Ç¢ý
9— 7, 9, 9 + (−7) ¦ÅôÀ¿¢¨Ä¸¨Çì ¸¡ñ¸.
9 + 7, 9, 9−7 ¾£÷×:-
16, 9, 2 ¾¢í¸û ¸¢Æ¨Á Ó¾ø ¦ÅûÇ¢ì¸¢Æ¨Á Å¨ÃÂ¢Ä¡É
12) ´Õ ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý 6 -ÅÐ ÁüÚõ 8 -ÅÐ ¦ÅôÀ¿¢¨Ä¸û Ó¨È§Â 𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑, 𝑎 + 2𝑑, 𝑎 + 3𝑑, 𝑎 + 4𝑑
±ý¸.
¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý 7 ∶ 9 ±É¢ø, 9 -ÅÐ ÁüÚõ 13 -ÅÐ ¾Ã×, ¾¢í¸û ¸¢Æ¨Á Ó¾ø Ò¾ý ¸¢Æ¨Á Å¨Ã ¯ûÇ
¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý Å¢¸¢¾õ ¸¡ñ¸. [GMQ]
¦ÅôÀ¿¢¨Ä¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø = 0𝑜 𝐶
¾£÷×:-
𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑑 + 𝑎 + 2𝑑 = 0
WKT, 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 3𝑎 + 3𝑑 = 0
3(𝑎 + 𝑑) = 0
6-ÅÐ ÁüÚõ 8-ÅÐ
¾Ã×, 9-ÅÐ ÁüÚõ 13-ÅÐ 𝑎+𝑑 =0
¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý Å¢¸¢¾õ = 7 ∶ 𝟗 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý Å¢¸¢¾õ, 𝑎 = −𝑑
¾Ã×, Ò¾ý¸¢Æ¨Á Ó¾ø ¦ÅûÇ¢ì¸¢Æ¨Á Å¨Ã ¯ûÇ
⟹ 𝑡6 ∶ 𝑡8 = 7 ∶ 9 = 𝑡9 ∶ 𝑡13 ¦ÅôÀ¿¢¨Ä¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø = 18𝑜 𝐶
𝑡9 𝑎 + 2𝑑 + 𝑎 + 3𝑑 + 𝑎 + 4𝑑 = 18
𝑡6 7 = 3𝑎 + 9𝑑 = 18
= 𝑡13 3(−𝑑) + 9𝑑 = 18
𝑡8 9 𝑎 + 8𝑑
= −3𝑑 + 9𝑑 = 18
𝑎 + 5𝑑 7 𝑎 + 12𝑑 6𝑑 = 18
= 2𝑑 + 8𝑑
𝑎 + 7𝑑 9 18
= 𝑑=
9(𝑎 + 5𝑑) = 7(𝑎 + 7𝑑) 2𝑑 + 12𝑑 6
10𝑑 𝑑=3
9𝑎 + 45𝑑 = 7𝑎 + 49𝑑 = 𝑑 = 3 ±É¢ø, 𝑎 = −𝑑 = −3
14𝑑
9𝑎 − 7𝑎 = 49𝑑 − 45𝑑 5
= ±É§Å, ¾¢í¸û Ó¾ø ¦ÅûÇ¢ì¸¢Æ¨Á Å¨ÃÂ¢Ä¡É
7
¦ÅôÀ¿¢¨Ä¸û, 𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑, 𝑎 + 2𝑑, 𝑎 + 3𝑑, 𝑎 + 4𝑑 = 30 + 1

⟹ −3, −3 + 3, −3 + 2(3), −3 + 3(3), −3 + 4(3) = 31
⟹ −3, 0, −3 + 6, −3 + 9, −3 + 12
∙ À¢Ã¢Â¡Å¢ý Á¡¾¡ó¾¢Ãî §ºÁ¢ôÒ å. 20,000 «¨¼Â 31
⟹ −3, 0, 3, 6, 9 ¬ñÎ¸û ¬Ìõ.
𝑜 𝑜
⟹ −3 𝐶, 0 𝐶, 3𝑜 𝐶, 6𝑜 𝐶, 9𝑜 𝐶
ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷
14) À¢Ã¢Â¡ ¾ÉÐ Ó¾ø Á¡¾ ÅÕÁ¡ÉÁ¡¸ å. 15,000 ´Õ ¦¾¡¼Ã¢ý ¯ÚôÒ¸û ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø
®ðÎ¸¢È¡÷. «¾ý À¢ÈÌ ´ù§Å¡÷ ¬ñÎõ «ÅÃÐ
«¨ÁÔÁ¡É¡ø «ò¦¾¡¼÷ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ ±ÉôÀÎõ.
Á¡¾ ÅÕÁ¡Éõ å. 1500 ¯Â÷¸¢ÈÐ. «ÅÙ¨¼Â Ó¾ø
Á¡¾ ¦ºÄ× å. 13,000 ÁüÚõ «ÅÇÐ Á¡¾¡ó¾¢Ãî ¦ºÄ× ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý Ó¾ø 𝒏 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø
´ù§Å¡÷ ¬ñÎõ å. 900 ¯Â÷¸¢ÈÐ. À¢Ã¢Â¡Å¢ý ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý Ó¾ø 𝒏 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý
Á¡¾¡ó¾¢Ãî §ºÁ¢ôÒ å. 20,000 «¨¼Â ±ùÅÇ× ¸¡Äõ ÜÎ¾ø 𝑆𝑛 ¬ÉÐ,
¬Ìõ?
¾£÷×:- 𝑆𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑎 + 𝑑) + (𝑎 + 2𝑑) + ⋯ + [𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
¾Ã×, 2
Ó¾ø þÃñ¼¡õ ãýÈ¡õ þíÌ, 𝑎 = Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ ÁüÚõ
¬ñÎ ¬ñÎ ¬ñÎ
ÅÕÁ¡Éõ 15000 16500 18000 𝑑 = ¦À¡Ð Å¢ò¾¢Â¡ºõ = 𝑡2 − 𝑡1
¦ºÄ× 13000 13900 14800 𝑛 = ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ±ñ½¢ì¨¸
§ºÁ¢ôÒ 2000 2600 3200 ÌÈ¢ôÒ:-
À¢Ã¢Â¡Å¢ý ÅÕ¼¡ó¾¢Ã §ºÁ¢ôÒò¦¾¡¨¸¸û ´Õ ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ 𝑎 ÁüÚõ
ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼Ã¢ÅÃ¢¨º¨Â «¨Áì¸¢ýÈÉ.
2000, 2600, 3200, … ,20000 ¸¨¼º¢ ¯ÚôÒ 𝑙 ¦¸¡Îì¸ôÀÎõ §À¡Ð «ò¦¾¡¼Ã¢ý ÜÎ¾ø
¸¡½ À¢ýÅÕõ Ýò¾¢Ãò¨¾ô ÀÂýÀÎò¾Ä¡õ.
þíÌ, 𝑎 = 2000 , 𝑑 = 2600 − 2000 = 600 , 𝑙 = 2000
𝑛
𝑙−𝑎 𝑆𝑛 = (𝑎 + 𝑙)
WKT, 𝑛=( )+1 2
𝑑
20000 − 2000
𝑛=( )+1 1) ´Õ ¦¾¡¼Ã¢ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ÖûÇ ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø ____.
600
Å¢¨¼:- ¦¾¡¼÷
18000 2) ´Õ ¦¾¡¼Ã¢ø ÓÊ×Ú ±ñ½¢ì¨¸Â¢ø ¯ÚôÒ¸û
=( )+1 «¨ÁÔÁ¡É¡ø «Ð ___________ ±ÉôÀÎõ.
600
Å¢¨¼:- ÓÊ×Ú ¦¾¡¼÷ þíÌ, 𝑎 = 1 , 𝑙 = 2𝑛 − 1

3) ´Õ ¦¾¡¼Ã¢ý ¯ÚôÒ¸û _______ - Â¢ø «¨Áó¾¡ø ±É§Å,
«ò¦¾¡¼÷ ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ ±ÉôÀÎõ. 𝒏
Å¢¨¼:- ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º 𝑺𝒏 = (𝟏 + 𝟐𝒏 − 𝟏)
𝟐
4) ´Õ ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼Ã¢ý Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ ÁüÚõ ¸¨¼º¢ 𝒏
= (𝟐𝒏)
¯ÚôÒ ¦¸¡Îì¸ôÀð¼¡ø Ó¾ø 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø 𝟐
¸¡Ïõ Ýò¾¢Ãõ _____. =𝒏𝐱𝒏
Å¢¨¼:-
= 𝒏𝟐
𝒏
𝑺𝒏 = (𝒂 + 𝒍) 2) Ó¾ø 𝒏 þÃð¨¼ þÂø ±ñ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø ±ýÉ?
𝟐
º¢ó¾¨Éì¸Çõ:- Å¢¨¼:- 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)
¾Ã×, 𝟐, 𝟒, 𝟔, … , 𝟐𝒏
 𝑛 - Â¢ý Á¾¢ôÒ Á¢¨¸ ÓØÅ¡¸ ÁðÎ§Á þÕì¸ §ÅñÎ. 𝒏
²ý? WKT, 𝑺𝒏 = (𝒂 + 𝒍)
𝟐
Å¢Çì¸õ:- 𝑛 ±ýÀÐ ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ±ñ½¢ì¨¸¨Âì þíÌ, 𝑎 = 2 , 𝑙 = 2𝑛
ÌÈ¢ì¸¢ÈÐ. ±ñ½¢ì¨¸ ±ýÀÐ ±ô§À¡Ðõ Á¢¨¸ ±É§Å,
±ñ½¡¸§Å þÕìÌõ. 𝒏
𝑺𝒏 = (𝟐 + 𝟐𝒏)
Óý§ÉüÈî §º¡¾¨É:- 𝟐
ºÃ¢Â¡ , ¾ÅÈ¡ ±Éì ÜÚ¸. 𝒏 𝐱 𝟐(𝟏 + 𝒏)
=
𝒏 ÅÐ ¯ÚôÀ¡ÉÐ 𝒑𝒏 + 𝒒
1) ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý 𝟐
= 𝒏 (𝒏 + 𝟏)
±ýÈ ÅÊÅ¢ø «¨ÁÔõ, þíÌ 𝒑 ÁüÚõ 𝒒 ¬ÉÐ
1 1 3
Á¡È¢Ä¢¸û. ±.¸¡ : 2.31 8, 7 4 , 6 2 , 5 4 , … ±ýÈ ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý
Å¢¨¼:- ºÃ¢
Ó¾ø 15 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø ¸¡ñ¸.
2) ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý Ó¾ø 𝒏 ¯Úô¸Ç¢ý
ÌÎ¾ø ¬ÉÐ 𝒑𝒏𝟐 + 𝒒𝒏 + 𝒓 ±ýÈ ÅÊÅ¢ø «¨ÁÔõ, ¾£÷×:-
þíÌ 𝒑, 𝒒 ÁüÚõ 𝒓 ±ýÀÉ Á¡È¢Ä¢¸û. þíÌ, 𝑎 = 8 , 𝑛 = 15 ÁüÚõ
Å¢¨¼:- ºÃ¢
º¢ó¾¨Éì¸Çõ:- 1 29 29 − 32 −3
𝑑 =7 −8= −8= =
4 4 4 4
1) Ó¾ø 𝒏 ´ü¨È þÂø ±ñ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø ±ýÉ?
Å¢¨¼:- 𝒏𝟐 WKT, ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý Ó¾ø 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø,
¾Ã×, 𝟏, 𝟑, 𝟓, … , (𝟐𝒏 − 𝟏) 𝑛
𝒏 𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
WKT, 𝑺𝒏 = (𝒂 + 𝒍) 2
𝟐
15 −3 21
∙ 𝑆15 = [2(8) + (15 − 1) ( 4 )] ∙ 𝑆21 = (0.40 + 1)
2 2
15 −3 21
= [16 + (14) ( )] = (1.40)
2 4 2
15 −3 29.4
= [16 + (7) ( )] =
2 2 2
15 21 𝑆21 = 14.7
= [16 − ]
2 2
±.¸¡ : 2.33 1+5+9+⋯ ±ýÈ ¦¾¡¼Ã¢ø ±ò¾¨É
15 32 − 21 ¯ÚôÒ¸¨Çì ÜðÊÉ¡ø ÜÎ¾ø 190 ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ?
= [ ]
2 2
¾£÷×:-
15 11 þíÌ, 𝑎 = 1 , 𝑑 = 5 − 1 = 4 ÁüÚõ 𝑆𝑛 = 190
= ( )
2 2
WKT, ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý Ó¾ø 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø,
165
𝑆15 =
4 𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2
±.¸¡ : 2.32 0.40 + 0.43 + 0.46 + ⋯ + 1 ±ýÈ ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼Ã¢ý
ÜÎ¾ø ¸¡ñ¸. 𝑛
190 = [2(1) + (𝑛 − 1)(4)]
2
¾£÷×:-
𝑛
þíÌ, 𝑎 = 0.40 , 𝑙 = 1 ÁüÚõ 𝑑 = 0.43 − 0.40 = 0.03 190 = (2 + 4𝑛 − 4)
2
𝑙−𝑎
WKT, 𝑛 = ( )+1 𝑛
𝑑 190 = (4𝑛 − 2)
2
1 − 0.40 0.60 60
∴ 𝑛=( )+1=( ) + 1 = ( ) + 1 = 20 + 1 = 21 𝑛x2
0.03 0.03 3 190 = (2𝑛 − 1)
2
WKT, ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý Ó¾ø 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø,
190 = 𝑛(2𝑛 − 1)
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = (𝑎 + 𝑙) 190 = 2𝑛2 − 𝑛
2
2𝑛2 − 𝑛 − 190 = 0 −380 −1 234 x 2

2𝑎 + 12𝑑 =
13
(𝑛 − 10)(2𝑛 + 19) = 0 −20 +19
2𝑛 2𝑛 2𝑎 + 12𝑑 = 18 x 2
𝑛 − 10 = 0 «øÄÐ 2𝑛 + 19 = 0 2𝑎 + 12𝑑 = 36 → (2)

−19
𝑛 = 10 𝑛= 2 ºÁýÀ¡Î¸û (1) ÁüÚõ (2) -³ò ¾£÷ì¸,
þíÌ 𝑛 ±ýÀÐ ´Õ Á¢¨¸ ±ñ ±ýÀ¾¡ø, 𝑛 = 10 (1) : 𝑎 + 12𝑑 = 3
±.¸¡ : 2.34 13 -ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ 3

´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý (2) : 2𝑎 + 12𝑑 = 36
ÁüÚõ Ó¾ø 13 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø 234 ±É¢ø,
(−) (−) (−)
ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý ¦À¡Ð Å¢ò¾¢Â¡ºõ ÁüÚõ Ó¾ø 21
¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø ¸¡ñ¸.
(1) − (2) : 𝑎 − 2𝑎 = 3 − 36
¾£÷×:-
−𝑎 = −33
WKT, 𝑛 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ, 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
¾Ã×, ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý 13 -ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ = 3 𝑎 = 33
⟹ 𝑡13 = 3 𝑎 = 33 -³ ºÁýÀ¡Î (1) þø À¢Ã¾¢Â¼,
⟹ 𝑎 + 12𝑑 = 3 → (1) 33 + 12𝑑 = 3
WKT, ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý Ó¾ø 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø, 12𝑑 = 3 − 33
𝑛 12𝑑 = −30
𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2
−30
𝑑=
¾Ã×, Ó¾ø 13 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø = 234 12
⟹ 𝑆13 = 234 −5
𝑑=
2
13
[2𝑎 + 12𝑑] = 234 ∙ Ó¾ø 21 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø,
2
21 −5 5(16)2 3(16) 5(256) 48 1280 48

𝑆21 = [2(33) + 20 ( )] 𝑆16 = + = + = +
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
21 1280 + 48 1328
= [66 + 10(−5)] = = = 664
2 2 2
21 ∙ 17 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ = 𝑡17 = 𝑆17 − 𝑆16 = 748 − 664 = 84
= [66 − 50]
2
±.¸¡ : 2.36 300– ìÌõ 600– ìÌõ þ¨¼§ÂÔûÇ 7 ¬ø
21 x 16 ÅÌÀÎõ «¨ÉòÐ þÂø ±ñ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø ¸¡ñ¸.
=
2
¾£÷×:-
= 21 x 8
𝑆21 = 168
±.¸¡ : 2.35 ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø Ó¾ø 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý

5𝑛2 3𝑛
ÜÎ¾ø + ±É¢ø, 17-ÅÐ ¯Úô¨Àì ¸¡ñ¸.
2 2
¾£÷×:-
¾Ã×, ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø Ó¾ø 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý
þíÌ, 𝑎 = 300 + 7 − 6 = 307 − 6 = 1,
5𝑛2 3𝑛
ÜÎ¾ø, 𝑆𝑛 = + 𝑙 = 600 − 5 = 595 ÁüÚõ 𝑑=7
2 2
𝑙−𝑎 𝑛
WKT, Ó¾ø 17 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾Ä¢ø þÕóÐ Ó¾ø 16 WKT, 𝑛 = ( )+1 WKT, 𝑆𝑛 = (𝑎 + 𝑙)
𝑑 2
¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾¨Äì ¸Æ¢ò¾¡ø 17 – ÅÐ ¯Úô¨Àì
¸¡½Ä¡õ. 595 − 301 43
𝑛=( )+1 𝑆43 = (301 + 595)
7 2
5(17)2 3(17) 5(289) 51 1445 51
𝑆17 = + = + = + 294
2 2 2 2 2 2 =( )+1 43 x 896
7 =
1445 + 51 1496 2
= = = 748
2 2 = 42 + 1
= 43 x 448
𝑛
𝑛 = 43 = 19264 WKT, 𝑆𝑛 = (𝑎 + 𝑙)
2
∙ 300– ìÌõ 600– ìÌõ þ¨¼§ÂÔûÇ 7 ¬ø ÅÌÀÎõ ∙ ¦Åû¨Ç ¿¢È ¾¨Ã§Â¡Î¸Ç¢ý ±ñ½¢ì¨¸,
«¨ÉòÐ þÂø ±ñ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø = 19264

= 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 12
±.¸¡ : 2.37 º¢È¢Â ¾¨Ã§Â¡Î¸¨Çì ¦¸¡ñÎ 12 «Ê Àì¸ 12
«Ç×ûÇ ºÁÀì¸ Óì§¸¡½ ¾¨Ã§Â¡Î¸û (Mosaic) 𝑆12 = (1 + 12) = 6 x 13 = 78
«¨Áì¸ôÀÎ¸¢ÈÐ. «ÅüÈ¢ø ¯ûÇ ´ù¦Å¡Õ ¾¨Ã§Â¡Îõ
2
12 «íÌÄ «ÇÅ¢Ä¡É ºÁÀì¸ Óì§¸¡½ ÅÊÅ¢ø ¯ûÇÐ. À¼ò¾¢Ä¢ÕóÐ, ´ù¦Å¡Õ ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢Öõ ¯ûÇ ¿£Ä ¿¢È
º¢È¢Â ¾¨Ã§Â¡Î¸Ç¢ý Åñ½í¸û À¼ò¾¢ø ¾¨Ã§Â¡Î¸Ç¢ý ±ñ½¢ì¨¸Â¡ÉÐ 0, 1, 2, 3, … , 11 ±ýÈ
¸¡ñÀ¢ì¸ôÀðÎûÇÐ §À¡Ä Á¡È¢ Á¡È¢ ¯ûÇÉ. ´ù¦Å¡Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø «¨ÁóÐûÇÐ.
Åñ½ò¾¢Öõ ¯ûÇ ¾¨Ã§Â¡Î¸Ç¢ý ±ñ½¢ì¨¸ ÁüÚõ
¦¸¡Îì¸ôÀð¼ «¨ÁôÀ¢ø ¯ûÇ ¦Á¡ò¾ ¾¨Ã§Â¡Î¸Ç¢ý ±É§Å, 𝑎 = 0, 𝑑 = 1 − 0 = 1 , 𝑙 = 11, 𝑛 = 12
±ñ½¢ì¨¸ ¸¡ñ¸.
𝑛
WKT, 𝑆𝑛 = (𝑎 + 𝑙)
2
∙ ¦Åû¨Ç ¿¢È ¾¨Ã§Â¡Î¸Ç¢ý ±ñ½¢ì¨¸,
= 0 + 1 + 2 + ⋯ + 11
12
𝑆12 = (0 + 11) = 6 x 11 = 66
2
∙ ¦Á¡ò¾ò ¾¨Ã§Â¡Î¸Ç¢ý ±ñ½¢ì¨¸ = 78 + 66 = 144
±.¸¡ : 2.38 ´Õ ¦¾ÕÅ¢ÖûÇ Å£Î¸ÙìÌ 1 Ó¾ø 49 Å¨Ã

¦¾¡¼÷îº¢Â¡¸ì ¸¾Å¢Äì¸õ ÅÆí¸ôÀðÎûÇÐ. ¦ºó¾¢Ä¢ý
Å£ðÊüÌ ÓýÉ¾¡¸ ¯ûÇ Å£Î¸Ç¢ý ¸¾Å¢Äì¸í¸Ç¢ý
¾£÷×:- ÜðÎò¦¾¡¨¸Â¡ÉÐ ¦ºó¾¢Ä¢ý Å£ðÊüÌô À¢ýÉ¾¡¸ ¯ûÇ
À¼ò¾¢Ä¢ÕóÐ, ´ù¦Å¡Õ ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢Öõ ¯ûÇ ¦Åû¨Ç ¿¢È Å£Î¸Ç¢ý ¸¾Å¢Äì¸í¸Ç¢ý ÜðÎò¦¾¡¨¸ìÌî ºÁõ ±É¢ø
¾¨Ã§Â¡Î¸Ç¢ý ±ñ½¢ì¨¸Â¡ÉÐ 1, 2, 3, … , 12 ±ýÈ ¦ºó¾¢Ä¢ý Å£ðÎì ¸¾Å¢Äì¸ò¨¾ì ¸¡ñ¸. [PTA-2]
ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø «¨ÁóÐûÇÐ. ¾£÷×:-
±É§Å, 𝑎 = 1, 𝑑 = 2 − 1 = 1 , 𝑙 = 12, 𝑛 = 12 ¦ºó¾¢Ä¢ý Å£ðÎì ¸¾Å¢Äì¸õ = 𝑥 ±ý¸.
¾Ã×, 49 x 50
𝑥2 =
2
1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + (𝑥 − 1) = (𝑥 + 1) + (𝑥 + 2) + ⋯ + 49
𝑥 2 = 49 x 25
1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + (𝑥 − 1)
𝑥 = 7x5
= (1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + (𝑥 − 1) + 𝑥 + (𝑥 + 1) + ⋯ + 49) −
𝑥 = 35
(1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 𝑥)
∙ ¦ºó¾¢Ä¢ý Å£ðÎì ¸¾Å¢Äì¸õ = 35
= (1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 49) − (1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 𝑥)
±.¸¡ : 2.39 𝑆1 , 𝑆2 , 𝑆3 ±ýÀÉ Ó¨È§Â ´Õ ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷
ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý Ó¾ø 𝑛, 2𝑛, 3𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø ¬Ìõ. 𝑆3 =
þíÌ, 𝑎=1 þíÌ, 𝑎=1 þíÌ, 𝑎=1 3(𝑆2 − 𝑆1 ) ±É ¿¢Ú×¸. [GMQ]
𝑙 =𝑥−1 𝑙 = 49 𝑙=𝑥 ¾£÷×:-
𝑛 =𝑥−1 𝑛 = 49 𝑛=𝑥 𝑆1 , 𝑆2 , 𝑆3 ±ýÀÉ Ó¨È§Â ´Õ ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý

𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 Ó¾ø 𝑛, 2𝑛, 3𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø ±É¢ø,
𝑆𝑛 = (𝑎 + 𝑙) 𝑆𝑛 = (𝑎 + 𝑙) 𝑆𝑛 = (𝑎 + 𝑙) 𝑛
2 2 2 𝑆1 = [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2
𝑥−1 49 𝑥
(1 + 𝑥 − 1) = (1 + 49) − (1 + 𝑥) 2𝑛
2 2 2 𝑆2 = [2𝑎 + (2𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2
𝑥(𝑥 − 1) 49 x 50 𝑥(𝑥 + 1) 3𝑛
= − 𝑆3 = [2𝑎 + (3𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2 2 2 2
𝑥(𝑥 − 1) = 49 x 50 − 𝑥(𝑥 + 1) 2𝑛 𝑛
𝑆2 − 𝑆1 = [2𝑎 + (2𝑛 − 1)𝑑] − [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2 2
𝑥 2 − 𝑥 = 49 x 50 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 𝑛
= {2[2𝑎 + (2𝑛 − 1)𝑑] − [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑] }
2
𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 = 49 x 50
𝑛
= {[4𝑎 + 2(2𝑛 − 1)𝑑] − [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]}
2𝑥 2 = 49 x 50 2
𝑛
= [4𝑎 + 2(2𝑛 − 1)𝑑 − 2𝑎 − (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2
𝑛 = 20 (162)
[4𝑎 + 4𝑛𝑑 − 2𝑑 − 2𝑎 − 𝑛𝑑 − 𝑑]
=
2
𝑆40 = 3240
𝑛
= [2𝑎 + 3𝑛𝑑 − 3𝑑] (ii) 102, 97, 92, … 27 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã
2
𝑛 þíÌ, 𝑎 = 102
= [2𝑎 + (3𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2 d = 97 − 102 = −5
3𝑛 n = 27
3(𝑆2 − 𝑆1 ) = [2𝑎 + (3𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2 WKT, Ó¾ø 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø,
3(𝑆2 − 𝑆1 ) = 𝑆3 𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2
¿¢åÀ¢ì¸ôÀð¼Ð. 27
∙ 𝑆27 = [2(102) + (27 − 1)(−5)]
2
ÀÂ¢üº¢ - 2.6 27
= [204 + (26)(−5)]
2
1) À¢ýÅÕÅÉÅÈ¢ý ÜÎ¾ø ¸¡ñ¸. 27
= [204 − 130]
(i) 3, 7, 11, … 40 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã 2
(ii) 102, 97, 92, … 27 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã 27
= (74)
(iii) 6 + 13 + 20 + ⋯ + 97 2
¾£÷×:- 27 x 74
=
(i) 3, 7, 11, … 40 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã 2
= 27 x 37
þíÌ, 𝑎=3
d=7−3=4 𝑆27 = 999
n = 40 (iii) 6 + 13 + 20 + ⋯ + 97
WKT, Ó¾ø 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø, þíÌ, 𝑎=6
𝑛 d = 13 − 6 = 7
𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2 𝑙 = 97
40 𝑙−𝑎
∙ 𝑆40 = [2(3) + (40 − 1)(4)] WKT, 𝑛=( )+1
2 𝑑
= 20 [6 + (39)(4)] 97 − 6
𝑛=( )+1
7
= 20 [6 + 156]
91 480 = 𝑛2 + 4𝑛 −480 +4
=( )+1
7 𝑛2 + 4𝑛 − 480 = 0
= 13 + 1 (𝑛 + 24)(𝑛 − 20) = 0 +24 −20
= 14
WKT, Ó¾ø 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø, 𝑛 + 24 = 0 «øÄÐ 𝑛 − 20 = 0
𝑛 𝑛 = −24 𝑛 = 20
𝑆𝑛 = [𝑎 + 𝑙]
2 þíÌ 𝑛 ±ýÀÐ ´Õ Á¢¨¸ ±ñ ±ýÀ¾¡ø, 𝑛 = 20
14
∙ 𝑆14 = [6 + 97]
2 5 –Ä¢ÕóÐ ¦¾¡¼í¸¢ ¦¾¡¼÷îº¢Â¡¸ 20 ´ü¨È
±É§Å,
14 x 103 ÓØì¸¨Çì ÜðÊÉ¡ø ÜÎ¾ø 480 ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ.
=
2 3) ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý 𝑛–ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ 4𝑛 − 3
= 7 x 103 ±É¢ø, «¾ý Ó¾ø 28 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø ¸¡ñ¸.
𝑆14 = 721
¾£÷×:-
2) 5 –Ä¢ÕóÐ ¦¾¡¼í¸¢ ±ò¾¨É ¦¾¡¼÷îº¢Â¡É ´ü¨È
ÓØì¸¨Çì ÜðÊÉ¡ø ÜÎ¾ø 480 ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ? ¾Ã×, 𝑡𝑛 = 4𝑛 − 3
𝑡1 = 4(1) − 3 = 4 − 3 = 1
¾£÷×:- 𝑡2 = 4(2) − 3 = 8 − 3 = 5
¾ÃôÀðÎûÇ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ : 5+7+9+⋯ 𝑡3 = 4(3) − 3 = 12 − 3 = 9
…
þíÌ, 𝑎=5
…
d=7−5=2
…
𝑆𝑛 = 480 ∙ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º : 1, 5, 9, …
𝑛
WKT, 𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑] þíÌ, 𝑎=1
2
𝑛 d=5−1=4
480 = [2(5) + (𝑛 − 1)(2)]
2 𝑛 = 28
𝑛x2 𝑛
480 = [5 + 𝑛 − 1] WKT, 𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2 2
480 = 𝑛[𝑛 + 4] 28
∙ 𝑆28 = [2(1) + (28 − 1)(4)]
2
= 14 [2 + (27)(4)]
= 14 [2 + 108]
= 14 x 110 ¾Ã×, 𝑡104 = 125 ÁüÚõ 𝑡4 = 0

𝑆287 = 1540
⟹ 𝑎 + 103𝑑 = 125  (1) ÁüÚõ 𝑎 + 3𝑑 = 0  (2)
4) ´Õ ÌÈ¢ôÀ¢ð¼ ¦¾¡¼Ã¢ý Ó¾ø 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø
2𝑛2 − 3𝑛 ±É¢ø, «Ð ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º ±É (1) ÁüÚõ (2) - ³ò ¾£÷ì¸,
¿¢Ú×¸. 𝑎 + 103𝑑 = 125
¾£÷×:-
𝑎 + 3𝑑 = 0
¾Ã×, 𝑆𝑛 = 2𝑛2 − 3𝑛
𝑆1 = 2(1)2 − 3(1) = 2(1) − 3 = 2 − 3 = −1 (1) - (2) 103𝑑 − 3𝑑 = 125 − 0
100𝑑 = 125
𝑆2 = 2(2)2 − 3(2) = 2(4) − 6 = 8 − 6 = 2
125
𝑆3 = 2(3)2 − 3(3) = 2(9) − 9 = 18 − 9 = 9 𝑑=
100
... 5
... 𝑑=
4
... 5
𝑡1 = 𝑆1 = −1 𝑑 = 4 ³ ºÁýÀ¡Î (2) þø À¢Ã¾¢Â¢¼,
𝑡2 = 𝑆2 − 𝑆1 = 2— 1 = 2 + 1 = 3 5
𝑡3 = 𝑆3 − 𝑆2 = 9 − 2 = 7 𝑎 + 3( ) = 0
4
∙ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º : −1, 3, 7, …
15
𝑑 = 𝑡2 − 𝑡1 = 3— 1 = 3 + 1 = 4 𝑎+ =0
𝑑 = 𝑡3 − 𝑡2 = 7 − 3 = 4 4
... −15
þíÌ, ¦À¡ÐÅ¢ò¾¢Â¡ºõ ºÁÁ¡¸ þÕôÀ¾¡ø, 𝑎=
4
þò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º ¬Ìõ.
𝑛
WKT, 𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
5) ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý 104-ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ ÁüÚõ 4- 2
ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ¸û Ó¨È§Â 125 ÁüÚõ 0. ∙ Ó¾ø 35 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø = 𝑆35
35 −15 5
«ò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý Ó¾ø 35 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø = [2 ( ) + (35 − 1) ( )]
¸¡ñ¸.
2 4 4
¾£÷×:- 35 −30 5
= [ + (34) ( )]
2 4 4
WKT, 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑.
35 −30 170 = 225

= [ + ]
2 4 4
WKT, Ó¾ø 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø,
35 −30 + 170
= [ ] 𝑛
2 4 𝑆𝑛 = [𝑎 + 𝑙]
2
35 140
= [ ]
𝑆225 =
225
[1 + 449]
2 4 ∙
2
35 70 225 x 450
= [ ] =
2 2 2
35 x 35 = 225 x 225
=
2
1225 𝑆225 = 50625
=
2
7) 602– ìÌõ 902– ìÌõ þ¨¼§Â 4 ¬ø ÅÌÀ¼¡¾
𝑆35 = 612.5 «¨ÉòÐ þÂø ±ñ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø ¸¡ñ¸.
6) 450 –ìÌì Ì¨ÈÅ¡¸ ¯ûÇ «¨ÉòÐ ´ü¨È Á¢¨¸ ¾£÷×:-
ÓØì¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø ¸¡ñ¸. 602 – ìÌõ 902 – ìÌõ þ¨¼§Â ¯ûÇ «¨ÉòÐ þÂø
¾£÷×:- ±ñ¸Ç¢ý ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º : 602 + 603 + 604 + ⋯ + 901
þíÌ, 𝑎 = 602
¦¸¡Îì¸ôÀð¼ ¦¾¡¼÷ : 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ⋯ + 449
d = 603 − 602 = 1
þíÌ, 𝑎=1
𝑙 = 901
d=3−1=2
𝑙−𝑎
𝑙 = 449 WKT, 𝑛=( )+1
𝑑
WKT, 𝑛=(
𝑙−𝑎
)+1 901 − 603
𝑑 𝑛=( )+1
1
449 − 1
𝑛=( )+1 = 298 + 1
2
= 299
448
=( )+1
2 WKT, Ó¾ø 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø,
= 224 + 1
𝑛 𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = [𝑎 + 𝑙] 𝑆𝑛 = [𝑎 + 𝑙]
2 2
299 75
∙ 𝑆299 = [603 + 901] ∙ 𝑆75 = [604 + 900]
2 2
299 x 1504 75 x 1504

= =
2 2
= 299 x 752 = 75 x 752
𝑆299 = 224848 𝑆75 = 56400
602 – ìÌõ 902 – ìÌõ þ¨¼§Â 4 ¬ø ÅÌÀÎõ ∙ 602– ìÌõ 902– ìÌõ þ¨¼§Â 4 ¬ø ÅÌÀ¼¡¾
«¨ÉòÐ þÂø ±ñ¸Ç¢ý ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º :
«¨ÉòÐ þÂø ±ñ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø = 𝑆299 − 𝑆75
604 + 608 + 612 + ⋯ + 900
= 224848 − 56400
þíÌ,
= 168448
𝑎 = 602 + 4 − 2 = 604 8) þÃÌ ´Õ ÁÊì¸½¢É¢ Å¡í¸ Å¢ÕõÒ¸¢È¡÷. «Å÷
d = 608 − 604 = 4 «¾ü¸¡É ¦¾¡¨¸Â¡É å. 40,000 - ³ ¯¼ÉÊÂ¡¸
À½Á¡¸×õ ¦ºÖò¾Ä¡õ «øÄÐ 10 Á¡¾ò
𝑙 = 902 − 2 = 900
𝑙−𝑎 ¾Å¨½¸Ç¢ø Ó¾ø ¾Å¨½ å 4800, þÃñ¼¡õ ¾Å¨½
WKT, 𝑛=( )+1
𝑑 å. 4750, ãýÈ¡õ ¾Å¨½ å. 4700 ±ýÈ
«ÊôÀ¨¼Â¢Öõ ¦ºÖò¾Ä¡õ. «Å÷ þó¾ Å¨¸Â¢ø
À½õ ¦ºÖòÐ¸¢È¡÷ ±É¢ø,
(i) 10 Á¡¾ò ¾Å¨½¸Ç¢ø «Å÷ ¦ºÖò¾¢Â
¦Á¡ò¾ò¦¾¡¨¸
900 − 604
𝑛=( )+1 (ii) Á¡¾ò ¾Å¨½ «ÊôÀ¨¼Â¢ø À½õ ¦ºÖòÐõ
4 §À¡Ð «Å÷ «º¨Äì ¸¡ðÊÖõ ÜÎ¾Ä¡¸î
296 ¦ºÖò¾¢Â ¦¾¡¨¸ ¬¸¢ÂÅü¨Èì ¸¡ñ¸.
=( )+1
4 ¾£÷×:-
= 74 + 1 þÃÌ 10 Á¡¾ò ¾Å¨½¸Ç¢ø ¦ºÖò¾¢Â ¦¾¡¨¸
À¢ýÅÕõ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼Ã¡¸ «¨Á¸¢ÈÐ.
= 75
4800 + 4750 + 4700 + ⋯ 10 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã.
WKT, Ó¾ø 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø,
þíÌ, 𝑎 = 4800 ´ù¦Å¡Õ Á¡¾Óõ ¾¢ÕõÀî ¦ºÖòÐõ ¸¼ý ¦¾¡¨¸Â¡ÉÐ

À¢ýÅÕõ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼Ã¡¸ «¨Á¸¢ÈÐ.
d = 4750 − 4800 = −50
400 + 700 + 1000 + 13000 + ⋯
𝑛 = 10
𝑛 þíÌ, 𝑎 = 400, 𝑑 = 700 − 400 = 300
WKT, 𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2
𝑛
10 WKT, 𝑆𝑛 = 2 [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
∙ 𝑆10 = [2(4800) + (10 − 1)(−50)]
2
= 5[9600 + (9)(−50)] ¾Ã×, 𝑆𝑛 = 65000

= 5[9600 − 450] 𝑛
⟹ [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑] = 65000
= 5 x 9150 2
𝑆10 = 45750 𝑛
[2(400) + (𝑛 − 1)(300)] = 65000
2
(i) 10 Á¡¾ò ¾Å¨½¸Ç¢ø «Å÷ ¦ºÖò¾¢Â
𝑛
¦Á¡ò¾ò¦¾¡¨¸ = 45750 å (800 + 300𝑛 − 300) = 65000
2
(ii) Á¡¾ò ¾Å¨½ «ÊôÀ¨¼Â¢ø À½õ ¦ºÖòÐõ
§À¡Ð «Å÷ «º¨Äì ¸¡ðÊÖõ ÜÎ¾Ä¡¸î 𝑛 x 100
(5 + 3𝑛) = 65000
2
¦ºÖò¾¢Â ¦¾¡¨¸ = 45750 − 40000 = 5750 å.
𝑛 x 50(5 + 3𝑛) = 65000
9) ´ÕÅ÷ ¾¡ý ¦ÀüÈ å. 65,000 ¸¼¨É ¾¢ÕôÀ¢î ¦ºÖò¾ 65000
𝑛 (5 + 3𝑛) =
Ó¾ø Á¡¾õ å. 400 ¦ºÖòÐ¸¢È¡÷. «¾ý À¢ÈÌ 50
´ù¦Å¡Õ Á¡¾Óõ Óó¨¾Â Á¡¾õ ¦ºÖò¾¢Â¨¾ Å¢¼
5𝑛 + 3𝑛2 = 1300 −1300 +3
å. 300 ÜÎ¾Ä¡¸î ¦ºÖòÐ¸¢È¡÷. «Å÷ þó¾ì ¸¼¨É
«¨¼ì¸ ±ùÅÇ× ¸¡Äõ §¾¨ÅôÀÎõ? [PTA-5] 3𝑛2 + 5𝑛 − 1300 = 0 +65 −60
¾£÷×:- 3𝑛 3𝑛
(3𝑛 + 65)(𝑛 − 20) = 0
¾Ã×, ¦Á¡ò¾ì¸¼ý ¦¾¡¨¸ = å. 65000
Ó¾ø Á¡¾õ ¾¢ÕôÀ¢î ¦ºÖò¾¢Â ¦¾¡¨¸ = å. 400 3𝑛 + 65 = 0 «øÄÐ 𝑛 − 20 = 0
þÃñ¼¡õ Á¡¾õ ¾¢ÕôÀ¢î ¦ºÖò¾¢Â ¦¾¡¨¸ = å. 700 3𝑛 = −65 𝑛 = 20

−65
ãýÈ¡õ Á¡¾õ ¾¢ÕôÀ¢î ¦ºÖò¾¢Â ¦¾¡¨¸ = å. 1000 . . . 𝑛= 3
þíÌ, 𝑛 ±ýÀÐ ´Õ Á¢¨¸ ±ñ ±ýÀ¾¡ø, 𝑛 = 20. ¦ºí¸ü¸û = 𝑆30
∙ ¸¼¨É «¨¼ì¸ ¬Ìõ ¸¡Äõ = 20 Á¡¾í¸û. 30

= [2(100) + (30 − 1)(−2)]
2
10) ¦ºí¸ü¸Ç¢É¡ø ¸ð¼ôÀð¼ ´Õ ÀÊì¸ðÊø ¦Á¡ò¾õ
= 15[200 + (29)(−2)]
30 ÀÊì¸ðÎ¸û ¯ûÇÉ. ¸£úôÀÊì¸ð¨¼
= 15[200 − 58]
«¨ÁôÀ¾üÌ 100 ¦ºí¸ü¸û §¾¨ÅôÀÎ¸¢ÈÐ.
«Îò¾Îò¾ ÀÊì¸ðÎ¸û «¨ÁôÀ¾üÌ Óó¨¾Â = 15 x 142
ÀÊì¸ð¨¼ Å¢¼ þÃñÎ ¦ºí¸ü¸û Ì¨ÈÅ¡¸ 𝑆30 = 2130
§¾¨ÅôÀÎ¸¢ÈÐ.
(i) ¯îº¢Â¢ÖûÇ ÀÊì¸ð¨¼ «¨ÁôÀ¾üÌ ±ò¾¨É 11) 𝑆1 , 𝑆2 , 𝑆3 , … , 𝑆𝑚 ±ýÀÉ 𝑚 ¦Åù§ÅÚ
¦ºí¸ü¸û §¾¨Å? ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º¸Ç¢ý 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾Ä¡Ìõ.
(ii) ÀÊì¸ðÎ¸û ÓØÅÐõ «¨ÁôÀ¾üÌ ±ò¾¨É Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ¸û 1, 2, 3, … , 𝑚 ÁüÚõ ¦À¡Ð
¦ºí¸ü¸û §¾¨Å?
Å¢ò¾¢Â¡ºí¸û 1, 3, 5, … , (2𝑚 − 1) Ó¨È§Â «¨Áó¾¡ø,
¾£÷×:- «ó¾ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø 𝑆1 + 𝑆2 + 𝑆3 + ⋯ + 𝑆𝑚 =
ÀÊì¸ðÎ¸¨Ç «¨ÁôÀ¾üÌ §¾¨ÅôÀÎõ ¦ºí¸ü¸Ç¢ý 1
𝑚𝑛 (𝑚𝑛 + 1) ±É ¿¢åÀ¢ì¸.
±ñ½¢ì¨¸Â¡ÉÐ À¢ýÅÕõ ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼Ã¡¸ 2
«¨Á¸¢ÈÐ. ¾£÷×:-
¾Ã×,
100 + 98 + 96 + ⋯ 30 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã. Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ ¦À¡Ð Å¢ò¾¢Â¡ºõ
þíÌ, 𝑎 = 100, 𝑑 = 98 − 100 = −2, 𝑛 = 30 𝑆1 𝑎1 = 1 𝑑1 = 1

𝑆2 𝑎2 = 2 𝑑2 = 3
(i) WKT, 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
¯îº¢Â¢ÖûÇ ÀÊì¸ð¨¼ «¨ÁôÀ¾üÌ ±ò¾¨É 𝑆3 𝑎3 = 3 𝑑3 = 5
¦ºí¸ü¸û = 𝑡30 . . .
= 𝑎 + 29𝑑 . . .
= 100 + 29(−2) . . .
= 100 − 58 𝑆𝑚 𝑎𝑚 = 𝑚 𝑑𝑚 = 2𝑚 − 1
= 42 𝑛
𝑛 WKT, 𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2
(ii) WKT, 𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2
∙ 𝑆1 + 𝑆2 + 𝑆3 + ⋯ + 𝑆𝑚
∙ ÀÊì¸ðÎ¸û ÓØÅÐõ «¨ÁôÀ¾üÌ ±ò¾¨É
𝑛
= [2(𝑎1 + 𝑎2 + 𝑎3 + ⋯ + 𝑎𝑚 ) + (𝑛 − 1)(𝑑1 + 𝑑2 + 𝑑3 + ⋯ + 𝑑𝑚 )]
2
𝑛 𝑛
= [2(1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 𝑚) + (𝑛 − 1)(1 + 3 + 5 + ⋯ + 2𝑚 − 1)] = [𝑚 + 𝑛𝑚2 ]
2 2
𝑛 𝑚𝑛
= [(2 + 4 + 6 + ⋯ + 2𝑚) + (𝑛 − 1)(1 + 3 + 5 + ⋯ + 2𝑚 − 1)] = [1 + 𝑚𝑛]
2 2
1
2 + 4 + 6 + ⋯ + 2𝑚 ±ýÀÐ ´Õ 1 + 3 + 5 + ⋯ + 2𝑚 − 1 𝑆1 + 𝑆2 + 𝑆3 + ⋯ + 𝑆𝑚 = 2 𝑚𝑛(𝑚𝑛 + 1)
ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷. ±ýÀÐ ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷.
𝑎−𝑏 3𝑎−2𝑏 5𝑎−3𝑏
þíÌ, 𝑎=2 þíÌ, 𝑎=1 12) 𝑎+𝑏 + 𝑎+𝑏
+ 𝑎+𝑏
+ … 12 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã ±ýÈ ¦¾¡¼Ã¢ý
ÜÎ¾ø ¸¡ñ¸.
𝑑 = 4−2= 2 𝑑 = 3−1= 2
¾£÷×:-
𝑙 = 2𝑚 𝑙 = 2𝑚 − 1 𝑎−𝑏
𝑙−𝑎
þíÌ, 𝑎 = 𝑎+𝑏
𝑙−𝑎
WKT, 𝑛=( )+1 WKT, 𝑛=( )+1
𝑑 𝑑 3𝑎 − 2𝑏 𝑎−𝑏 (3𝑎 − 2𝑏) − (𝑎 − 𝑏)
2𝑚 − 2 2𝑚 − 1 − 1 𝑑= − =
𝑛=( )+1 𝑛=( )+1 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎+𝑏
2 2 3𝑎 − 2𝑏 − 𝑎 + 𝑏 2𝑎 − 𝑏
= =
𝑚−1 2𝑚 − 2 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎+𝑏
= 2( )+1 =( )+1 𝑛 = 12
2 2
𝑛
= 𝑚−1+1 𝑚−1 WKT, 𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2
= 2( )+1
2 12 𝑎−𝑏 2𝑎 − 𝑏
𝑛=𝑚 𝑆12 = [2 ( ) + (12 − 1) ( )]
= 𝑚−1+1 2 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎+𝑏
𝑎−𝑏 2𝑎 − 𝑏
𝑛 =𝑚 = 6 [2 ( ) + 11 ( )]
𝑎+𝑏 𝑎+𝑏
𝑛 𝑛
WKT, 𝑆𝑛 = 2 [𝑎 + 𝑙] WKT, 𝑆𝑛 = 2 [𝑎 + 𝑙]
𝑚 𝑚 2𝑎 − 2𝑏 22𝑎 − 11𝑏
𝑆𝑛 = [2 + 2𝑚] 𝑆𝑛 = [1 + 2𝑚 − 1] = 6[ + ]
2 2 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎+𝑏
𝑚x2 𝑚 x 2𝑚
= [1 + 𝑚] =
2 2 2𝑎 − 2𝑏 + 22𝑎 − 11𝑏
2 = 6[ ]
= 𝑚 x (1 + 𝑚) =𝑚 𝑎+𝑏
𝑛
∙ 𝑆1 + 𝑆2 + 𝑆3 + ⋯ + 𝑆𝑚 = 2 [𝑚 x (1 + 𝑚) + (𝑛 − 1)𝑚2 ]
𝑛 2𝑎 + 22𝑎 − 2𝑏 − 11𝑏
= [𝑚 + 𝑚2 + 𝑛𝑚2 − 𝑚2 ] = 6[ ]
2 𝑎+𝑏
24𝑎 − 13𝑏 𝑎 𝑎
= 6[ ] ¯ÚôÒ¸¨Ç , , 𝑎𝑟, 𝑎𝑟 3 ±É ±ÎòÐì¦¸¡ûÇÄ¡õ.
𝑟3 𝑟
𝑎+𝑏  ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý ´ù§Å¡÷ ¯Úô¨ÀÔõ
6(24𝑎 − 13𝑏) ´Õ âîº¢ÂÁüÈ Á¡È¢Ä¢Â¡ø ¦ÀÕì¸¢É¡ø «øÄÐ
= ÅÌò¾¡ø ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ Ò¾¢Â ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÔõ ´Õ
𝑎+𝑏
¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¡¸§Å þÕìÌõ.
¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º (G.P)  𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐
±ýÈ ãýÚ âîº¢ÂÁüÈ ±ñ¸û ´Õ
¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý «Îò¾Îò¾ ãýÚ
Ó¾ø ¯Úô¨Àò ¾Å¢÷òÐ ÁüÈ ¯ÚôÒ¸û «¨ÉòÐõ ¯ÚôÒ¸û ±É¢ø, 𝑏 2 = 𝑎𝑐 ¬Ìõ.
«¾üÌ Óó¨¾Â ¯Úô¨À ´Õ âîº¢ÂÁüÈ Á¡È¡¾ ±ñ½¡ø
¦ÀÕì¸ì ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¡ÉÐ ¦ÀÕìÌò
¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º ±ÉôÀÎõ. þó¾ Á¡È¡¾ ±ñ ¦À¡ÐÅ¢¸¢¾õ (𝑟) 1) ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¡ÉÐ Óó¨¾Â ¯Úô¨À
´Õ _________ ¬ø ¦ÀÕì¸ì ¸¢¨¼ì¸¢ÈÐ.
«øÄÐ ¦ÀÕìÌ Å¢¸¢¾õ (𝑟) ±ÉôÀÎõ.52 Å¢¨¼:- âîº¢ÂÁüÈ Á¡È¢Ä¢Â¡ø
¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý ¦À¡ÐÅÊÅõ:- 2) ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý «Îò¾Îò¾
2
𝑎, 𝑎𝑟, 𝑎𝑟 , … … … … ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý Å¢¸¢¾õ ______ ÁüÚõ þÐ _______ ±É
«¨Æì¸ôÀÎ¸¢ÈÐ.
þíÌ, 𝑎 ±ýÀÐ Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ ÁüÚõ 𝑟 ≠ 0 ±ýÀÐ ¦À¡Ð Å¢¨¼:- ´Õ Á¡È¢Ä¢ ÁüÚõ ¦ÀÕìÌ Å¢¸¢¾õ («)
𝑡 ¦À¡ÐÅ¢¸¢¾õ
Å¢¸¢¾õ ¬Ìõ. §ÁÖõ, 𝑟 = 𝑡2
1
3) À¢ýÅÕõ ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º¸Ç¢ø Å¢ÎÀð¼
¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý ¦À¡Ð ¯ÚôÒ («) 𝒏 – ÅÐ ±ñ¸¨Çì ¸¡ñ¸.
¯ÚôÒ:- 1 3 9
(i)
8
, 4
, 2
, _____.
´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷ ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý ¦À¡Ð ¯ÚôÒ «øÄÐ 7
𝑛−1 (ii) 7, , _____.
𝑛 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ, 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 ¬Ìõ. þíÌ 𝑎 = Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ, 2
𝑟 = ¦À¡Ð Å¢¸¢¾õ =
𝑡2 (iii) ______ , 2√2 , 4 , …
𝑡1
Å¢¨¼:-
ÌÈ¢ôÒ:-
(i) 𝟐𝟕
 ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý «Îò¾Îò¾ 𝟕
¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý Å¢¸¢¾õ ±ô§À¡Ðõ ´Õ Á¡È¢Â¡¸§Å (ii)
𝟒
þÕìÌõ. þó¾ Á¡È¢Ä¢ ¾¡ý «ó¾ò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý (iii) 𝟐
¦À¡Ð Å¢¸¢¾Á¡Ìõ (𝑟). º¢ó¾¨Éì¸Çõ:-
 ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý «Îò¾Îò¾ ãýÚ 2 22
𝑎 2 , 22 , 22 , 22 , … ±ýÀÐ ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º
¯ÚôÒ¸¨Ç , 𝑎, 𝑎𝑟 ±É ±ÎòÐì¦¸¡ûÇÄ¡õ. ¬ÌÁ¡?
𝑟
 ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý «Îò¾Îò¾ ¿¡ýÌ
Å¢Çì¸õ:- ¾ÃôÀðÎûÇ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º : 2 , 4 , 16 , 65536, …
𝑡2 4 ±É§Å, 𝑥 2 = 3 x 6.75
𝑟= = =2
𝑡1 2 𝑥 2 = 20.25
𝑡3 16
𝑟= = =4 𝑥 = √20.25
𝑡2 4
𝑡2 𝑡 𝑥 = √4.5 x 4.5
þíÌ, ≠ 𝑡3 𝑥 = 4.5
𝑡1 2
∙ ¾ÃôÀðÎûÇ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷ ÅÃ¢¨º Óý§ÉüÈî §º¡¾¨É:-
«øÄ.
 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐±ýÈ ãýÚ âîº¢ÂÁüÈ ±ñ¸û ¦ÀÕìÌò
Óý§ÉüÈî §º¡¾¨É:- ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø þÕó¾¡ø, þÕó¾¡ø ÁðÎ§Á
1) Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ , ¦À¡ÐÅ¢¸¢¾õ 𝑟 ±É¢ø, 𝑡9 ÁüÚõ 𝑡27 ³ì _______.
¸¡ñ¸. Å¢¨¼:- 𝒃𝟐 = 𝒂𝒄
Å¢¨¼:- 𝒕𝟗 = 𝒂 + 𝟖𝒅 ÁüÚõ 𝒕𝟐𝟕 = 𝒂 + 𝟐𝟔𝒅 ±.¸¡ : 2.40 À¢ýÅÕõ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º¸Ç¢ø ±¨Å
1 1 ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¡Ìõ?
2) ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø 𝑡1 = ÁüÚõ 𝑡2 = 25
5
1
±É¢ø, ¦À¡ÐÅ¢¸¢¾õ ________. (i) 7, 14, 21, 28, … (ii) , 1, 2, 4, … (iii) 5, 25, 50, 75, …
2
𝟏
Å¢¨¼:-
𝟓
1 ¾£÷×:-
𝑡2 25 1 5 𝟏
𝑟= = = x = (i) 7, 14, 21, 28, …
𝑡1 1 25 1 𝟓
5
𝑡2 14
𝑟= = =2
º¢ó¾¨Éì¸Çõ:- 𝑡1 7
𝑡3 21 3
1) 64 ±ýÈ ±ñ¨½ô ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø 𝑟= = =
«¨Áó¾ ãýÚ ±ñ¸Ç¢ý ¦ÀÕì¸üÀÄÉ¡¸ ±ØÐ¸. 𝑡2 14 2
[∵ 1 x 4 x 16 = 64] 𝑡2 𝑡3
Å¢¨¼:- 1 , 4 , 16 இங் கு, ≠
2) 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, … ±ýÀÐ ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º ±É¢ø,
𝑡1 𝑡2
∙ ¾ÃôÀðÎûÇ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷
2𝑎, 2𝑏, 2𝑐, … ±ýÀÐ ´Õ _________. ÅÃ¢¨º «øÄ.
Å¢¨¼:- ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º 1
(ii) 2
, 1, 2, 4, …
3) 3, 𝑥, 6.75 ±ýÀÐ ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º ±É¢ø, 𝑥 ý
Á¾¢ôÒ _________. 𝑡2 1 2
𝑟= = 1 =1x =2
4.5
Å¢¨¼:- 𝑡1 1
2
WKT, 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ±ýÀÐ ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý 𝑡3 2
𝑟= = =1
«Îò¾Îò¾ ãýÚ ¯ÚôÒ¸û ±É¢ø, 𝑏 2 = 𝑎𝑐. 𝑡2 1
𝑡4 4 1
𝑟= = =2 … ¦À¡Ð Å¢¸¢¾õ 𝑟 = 0.5 = 2
𝑡3 2 WKT, ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý ¦À¡Ð ÅÊÅõ:
𝑡2 𝑡3 𝑡4
இங் கு, = = =⋯=2 𝑎, 𝑎𝑟, 𝑎𝑟 2 , … … … …
𝑡1 𝑡2 𝑡3 §¾¨ÅÂ¡É ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º:
ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¡Ìõ. 1 1 2
256, (256) ( ) , (256) ( ) , …
(iii) 5, 25, 50, 75, … 2 2
𝑡2 25 1
𝑟= = =5 256, 128, (256) ( ) , …
𝑡1 5 4
𝑡3 50 256, 128, 64, …
𝑟= = =2
𝑡2 25 ±.¸¡ : 2.42 9, 3, 1, … ±ýÈ ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý 8 –ÅÐ
𝑡2 𝑡3
இங் கு, ≠ ¯Úô¨Àì ¸¡ñ¸.
𝑡1 𝑡2
∙ ¾ÃôÀðÎûÇ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷ ¾£÷×:-
ÅÃ¢¨º «øÄ. 3 1
¾Ã×, 𝑎 = 9, 𝑟 = 9 = 3 , 𝑛 = 8
±.¸¡ : 2.41 À¢ýÅÕÅüÈ¢ý Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ ÁüÚõ ¦À¡Ð Å¢¸¢¾õ
¾ÃôÀðÎûÇÐ, «¾Û¨¼Â ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º¸¨Çì
WKT, 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1
¸¡ñ¸. [PTA-5]
∙ 8 –ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ = 𝑡8
(i) 𝑎 = −7, 𝑟 = 6 (ii) 𝑎 = 256, 𝑟 = 0.5
¾£÷×:- = 𝑎𝑟 7
(i) ¾Ã×, Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ 𝑎 = −7 1 7

¦À¡Ð Å¢¸¢¾õ 𝑟 = 6 = (9) ( )
3
WKT, ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý ¦À¡Ð ÅÊÅõ:
9
𝑎, 𝑎𝑟, 𝑎𝑟 2 , … … … … =
§¾¨ÅÂ¡É ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º: 3x3x3x3x3x3x3
(−7)(6),
−7, (−7)(6)2 , … 1
−42, −7,(−7)(36), … =
3x3x3x3x3
−42, −7,−252, …
1
(ii) ¾Ã×, Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ 𝑎 = 256 =
243
8 ±.¸¡ : 2.44 ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý «Îò¾Îò¾ ãýÚ

±.¸¡ : 2.43 ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý 4 - ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ 9 91
64 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ¦ÀÕì¸üÀÄý 343 ÁüÚõ «ÅüÈ¢ý ÜÎ¾ø
ÁüÚõ 7 - ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ ±É¢ø, «ó¾ ¦ÀÕìÌò 3
243 ±É¢ø, «ó¾ ãýÚ ¯ÚôÒ¸¨Çì ¸¡ñ¸.
¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º¨Âì ¸¡ñ¸.
¾£÷×:-
¾£÷×:-
´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý «Îò¾Îò¾ ãýÚ
2
WKT, 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1 𝑟 = 3 ³ ºÁýÀ¡Î (1) þø 𝑎
¯ÚôÒ¸û Ó¨È§Â , 𝑎 , 𝑎𝑟 ±ý¸.
𝑟
8 64 À¢Ã¾¢Â¢¼,
¾Ã×, 𝑡4 = ÁüÚõ 𝑡7 = ¾Ã×,
9 243
3
2 8
3 8 𝑎( ) = 𝑎
⟹ 𝑎𝑟 = 9 (1) ÁüÚõ 3 9 x 𝑎 x 𝑎𝑟 = 343
𝑟
64 8 8
𝑎𝑟 6 = 243 (2) 𝑎x =
27 9 𝑎3 = 343
(1)ÁüÚõ (2)) - ³ò ¾£÷ì¸,
8 27 𝑎3 = 73
64 𝑎 = x
(2) 𝑎𝑟 6 9 8
243
⟹ = 8 𝑎=7
(1) 𝑎𝑟 3
9 𝑎=3
𝑎 91
¾Ã×, + 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑟 =
𝑟 3
64 9
3 𝑎=3 ÁüÚõ𝑟
2
=3 ±É¢ø
𝑟 = x
243 8 §¾¨ÅÂ¡É ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷, 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑟 + 𝑎𝑟 2 91
=
𝑟 3
8 2 2 2
𝑟3 = 3 ,3( ),3 ( ) ,…… 3(𝑎 + 𝑎𝑟 + 𝑎𝑟 2 ) = 91𝑟
27 3 3
2 4 𝑎(3 + 3𝑟 + 3𝑟 2 ) = 91𝑟
𝑟= 3 , 2, , … …
3 3 7(3 + 3𝑟 + 3𝑟 2 ) = 91𝑟
91𝑟
3 + 3𝑟 + 3𝑟 2 =
7
3 + 3𝑟 + 3𝑟 2 = 13𝑟
3𝑟 2 + 3𝑟 − 13𝑟 + 3 = 0 ¾Ã×, þÂó¾¢Ãò¾¢ý ¾ü§À¡¨¾Â Á¾¢ôÒ = å. 40000

´ù¦Å¡Õ ÅÕ¼Óõ Ì¨ÈÔõ Å£¾õ = 10%
3𝑟 2 − 10𝑟 + 3 = 0 +9 −10
þÃñ¼¡õ ÅÕ¼ ãýÈ¡õ ÅÕ¼ ÐÅì¸ò¾¢ø
(𝑟 − 3)(3𝑟 − 1) = 0 −9 −1 ÐÅì¸ò¾¢ø þÂó¾¢Ãò¾¢ý þÂó¾¢Ãò¾¢ý Á¾¢ôÒ,
3𝑟 3𝑟 Á¾¢ôÒ,
𝑟 − 3 = 0 («) 3𝑟 − 1 = 0 𝑡3 = 36000 − 36000 x 10%
𝑡2 = 40000 − 40000 x 10%
𝑟 = 3 («) 3𝑟 = 1 10
10 = 36000 − 36000 x
= 40000 − 40000 x 100
1 100
𝑟= = 36000 − 3600
3
= 40000 − 4000
1 = 32400
(i) 𝑎=7 ÁüÚõ 𝑟=3 ±É¢ø §¾¨ÅÂ¡É ãýÚ
= 36000
¯ÚôÒ¸û,
7 1 þíÌ, 𝑎 = 40000 ÁüÚõ
1 , 7, 7x
3
3 𝑡2 36000 36 9
3 1 𝑟= = = =
⟹ 7x , 7, 7x 𝑡1 40000 40 10
1 3
7 WKT, 𝑛 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ, 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1
⟹ 21, 7,
3
(ii) 𝑎 = 7 ÁüÚõ 𝑟=3 ±É¢ø §¾¨ÅÂ¡É ãýÚ ∙ 6 –ÅÐ ÅÕ¼ò¾¢ø þÂó¾¢Ãò¾¢ý §¾¡Ã¡Â Á¾¢ôÒ,
¯ÚôÒ¸û,
7 9 6−1
, 7, 7 x 3 𝑡6 = (40000) ( )
3 10
7
⟹ , 7 , 21 9 5
3 = (40000) x ( )
10
±.¸¡ : 2.45 ´Õ þÂó¾¢Ãò¾¢ý ¾ü§À¡¨¾Â Á¾¢ôÒ 40,000 ÁüÚõ
9 9 9 9 9
´ù¦Å¡Õ ÅÕ¼Óõ «¾ý Á¾¢ôÒ 10% Ì¨È¸¢ÈÐ. 6 -ÅÐ = 40000 x x x x x
ÅÕ¼ò¾¢ø þÂó¾¢Ãò¾¢ý §¾¡Ã¡Â Á¾¢ô¨Àì ¸¡ñ¸. 10 10 10 10 10
¾£÷×:-
4x9x9x9x9x9
=
10
236196 𝑡3 444 111

= 𝑟= = =
10 𝑡2 44 11
𝑡2 𝑡3
= 23619.6 இங் கு, ≠
𝑡1 𝑡2
±É§Å, 6 -ÅÐ ÅÕ¼ò¾¢ø þÂó¾¢Ãò¾¢ý §¾¡Ã¡Â Á¾¢ôÒ ÅÃ¢¨º «øÄ.
å. 23619.60 ¬Ìõ.
(iii) 0.5, 0.05, 0.005, …
𝑡2 0.05 0.05 x 100 5 1
ÀÂ¢üº¢ - 2.7 𝑟= = = = =
𝑡1 0.5 0.5 x 100 50 10
1) À¢ýÅÕõ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º¸Ç¢ø ±¨Å 𝑡2 0.005 0.005 x 100 5 1
¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¡Ìõ? 𝑟= = = = =
𝑡1 0.05 0.05 x 100 50 10
(i) 3, 9, 27, 81, … (ii) 4, 44, 444, 4444, …
𝑡2 𝑡3 1
(iii) 0.5, 0.05, 0.005, …
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(iv) 𝟑 , 𝟔 , 𝟏𝟐 … இங் கு, = =⋯=
𝑡1 𝑡2 10
(v) 1, −5, 25, −125, … (vi) 120, 60, 30, 18, … ∙ ¾ÃôÀðÎûÇ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷
1 ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¡Ìõ.
(vii) 16, 4, 1, , … 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
4
(iv) , ,
𝟑 𝟔 𝟏𝟐
…
¾£÷×:-
𝟏
(i) 3, 9, 27, 81, … 𝑡2 ( ) 1 3 1
𝑟 = = 𝟔𝟏 = ( ) x ( ) =
𝑡2 9 𝑡1 ( ) 6 1 2
𝑟= = =3 𝟑
𝑡1 3 𝟏
𝑡3 27 𝑡2 ( ) 1 6 1
𝑟= = =3 𝑟 = = 𝟏𝟐
𝟏
= ( ) x ( ) = …
𝑡2 9 𝑡1 (𝟔) 12 1 2
𝑡4 81
𝑟= = =3 … 𝑡2 𝑡3 1
𝑡3 27 இங் கு, = =⋯=
𝑡1 𝑡2 2
𝑡2 𝑡3 𝑡4
இங் கு, = = =⋯=3 ∙ ¾ÃôÀðÎûÇ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷
𝑡1 𝑡2 𝑡3 ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¡Ìõ.
∙ ¾ÃôÀðÎûÇ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷ (v) 1, −5, 25, −125, …
ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¡Ìõ.
𝑡2 −5
(ii) 4, 44, 444, 4444, … 𝑟= = = −5
𝑡2 44 𝑡1 1
𝑟= = = 11 𝑡3 25
𝑡1 4 𝑟= = = −5
𝑡2 −5
𝑡4 −125 2
𝑟= = = −5 … (i) 𝑎 = 6, 𝑟 = 3 (ii) 𝑎 = √2, 𝑟 = √2 (iii) 𝑎 = 1000, 𝑟 =
5
𝑡3 25 ¾£÷×:-
𝑡2 𝑡3 𝑡4
இங் கு, = = = ⋯ = −5 WKT, ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý ¦À¡Ð ÅÊÅõ:
𝑡1 𝑡2 𝑡3
∙ ¾ÃôÀðÎûÇ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷ 𝑎, 𝑎𝑟, 𝑎𝑟 2 , 𝑎𝑟 3 , 𝑎𝑟 4 , 𝑎𝑟 5 , …
ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¡Ìõ.
(i) 𝑎 = 6, 𝑟 = 3
(vi) 120, 60, 30, 18, … ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý Ó¾ø ãýÚ ¯ÚôÒ¸û:
𝑡2 60 1
𝑟= = = 6, (6)(3), (6)(3)2
𝑡1 120 2 (6)(9)
6, 18,
𝑡3 30 1
𝑟= = = 6, 18, 54
𝑡2 60 2
𝑡4 18 3 (ii) 𝑎 = √2, 𝑟 = √2
𝑟= = = ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý Ó¾ø ãýÚ ¯ÚôÒ¸û:
𝑡3 30 5
𝑡2 𝑡3 𝑡4 √2, (√2)(√2), (√2)(√2)2
இங் கு, = ≠ √2, 2, (√2)(2)
𝑡1 𝑡2 𝑡3
∙ ¾ÃôÀðÎûÇ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷ √2, 2, 2√2
ÅÃ¢¨º «øÄ. 2
1 (iii) 𝑎 = 1000, 𝑟 =
(vii) 16, 4, 1, 4 , … 5
¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý Ó¾ø ãýÚ ¯ÚôÒ¸û:
𝑡2 4 1
𝑟= = = 2 2 2
𝑡1 16 4 1000, (1000) ( ) , (1000) ( )
5 5
𝑡3 1 4
𝑟= = 1000, (200)(2), (1000) ( )
𝑡2 4 25
1
𝑡4 ( ) 1 1000, 400, (40)(4)
𝑟= = 4 = … 1000, 400, 160
𝑡3 1 4
𝑡2 𝑡3 𝑡4 1 3) 729, 243, 81, … ±ýÈ ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý 7 –ÅÐ
இங் கு, = = =⋯= ¯Úô¨Àì ¸¡ñ¸.
𝑡1 𝑡2 𝑡3 4
∙ ¾ÃôÀðÎûÇ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷ ¾£÷×:-
ÅÃ¢¨º ¬Ìõ.
þíÌ, 𝑎 = 729
2) ¸£§Æ ¦¸¡Îì¸ôÀðÎûÇ Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ ÁüÚõ ¦À¡Ð
𝑡2 243 81 27 9 1
Å¢¸¢¾õ ¯¨¼Â ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý Ó¾ø ãýÚ 𝑟= = = = = =
¯ÚôÒ¸¨Ç ±ØÐ¸. 𝑡1 729 243 81 27 3
𝑛=7 − 54
𝑥= 3
WKT, 𝑛 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ, 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1
𝑥 = −18
∙ 7 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ, 𝑡7 = 𝑎𝑟 6
5) À¢ýÅÕõ ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø ¯ûÇ
1 6 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ±ñ½¢ì¨¸¨Âì ¸¡ñ¸.
= (729) ( )
3 1 1 1 1
(i) 4, 8, 16, … , 8192 (ii) , , … , 2187
16 3 9 27
= 729 x 6 ¾£÷×:-
3
729 (i) 4, 8, 16, … , 8192
=
3x3x3x3x3x3
𝑡7 = 1
þíÌ, 𝑎=4
4) 𝑥 + 6, 𝑥 + 12 ÁüÚõ 𝑥 + 15±ýÀÉ ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò
¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý ¦¾¡¼÷îº¢Â¡É ãýÚ ¯ÚôÒ¸û 𝑡2 8
𝑟= = =2
±É¢ø, 𝑥 -Â¢ý Á¾¢ô¨Àì ¸¡ñ¸. [PTA-2] 𝑡1 4
¾£÷×:-
𝑡𝑛 = 8192
¾Ã×, 𝑎 = 𝑥 + 6, 𝑏 = 𝑥 + 12, 𝑐 = 𝑥 + 15.
WKT, 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ±ýÀÐ ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý
8192 = (4)(2)𝑛−1
¦¾¡¼÷îº¢Â¡É ãýÚ ¯ÚôÒ¸û ±É¢ø, 𝑏 2 = 𝑎𝑐.
8192
(𝑥 + 12)2 = (𝑥 + 6)(𝑥 + 15) = 2𝑛−1
4
𝑥 2 + 2 x 12 x 𝑥 + 122 = 𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 90 2048 = 2𝑛−1
𝑥 2 + 24𝑥 + 144 = 𝑥 2 + 21𝑥 + 90 211 = 2𝑛−1
⟹ 11 = 𝑛 − 1
𝑥 2 + 24𝑥 + 144 − 𝑥 2 − 21𝑥 − 90 = 0
11 + 1 = 𝑛
3𝑥 + 54 = 0
𝑛 = 12
3𝑥 = − 54
∙ ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ±ñ½¢ì¨¸ = 12
1 1 1 1
(ii) , , … , 2187 (1) ÁüÚõ (2) - ³ò ¾£÷ì¸,
3 9 27
1
(1) 𝑎𝑟 8 32805
þíÌ, 𝑎=3 ⟹ =
(2) 𝑎𝑟 5 1215
1 6561
𝑡2 ( ) 1 3 1 𝑟3 =
𝑟 = = 19 = x = 243
𝑡1 ( ) 9 1 3
3 2187
𝑟3 =
1 81
𝑡𝑛 = 729
2187 𝑟3 =
27
243
𝑟3 =
1 1 1 𝑛−1 9
= ( )( )
2187 3 3 𝑟 3 = 27
1 1 1+𝑛−1 𝑟 3 = 33
= ( )
37 3
𝑟=3
1 7 1 𝑛
( ) =( ) 𝑟 = 3 ³ ºÁýÀ¡Î (2) þø À¢Ã¾¢Â¢¼,
3 3
𝑎(3)5 = 1215
⟹ 7=𝑛
𝑎 x 35 = 1215
∙ ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ±ñ½¢ì¨¸ =7
1215
6) ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý 9 - ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ 𝑎 =
35
32805 ÁüÚõ 6 - ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ 1215 ±É¢ø, 12–ÅÐ
1215
¯Úô¨Àì ¸¡ñ¸. 𝑎 =
3x3x3x3x3
¾£÷×:-
𝑎=5
¾Ã×, 𝑡9 = 32805 ÁüÚõ 𝑡6 = 1215
∙ 12 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ, 𝑡12 = 𝑎𝑟 11
⟹ 𝑎𝑟 8 = 32805  (1) ÁüÚõ 𝑎𝑟 5 = 1215  (2) = (5)(3)11
7) ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý8–ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ 768 32𝑏 = 3𝑎+𝑐

ÁüÚõ ¦À¡ÐÅ¢¸¢¾õ 2 ±É¢ø, «¾ý 10-ÅÐ ¯Úô¨Àì (3𝑏 )2 = 3𝑎 x 3𝑐
¸¡ñ¸.
þíÌ, 𝑎 = 3𝑎 , 𝑏 = 3𝑏 , 𝑐 = 3𝑐 ±É¢ø,
¾£÷×:-
¾Ã×, 𝑡8 = 768 ÁüÚõ 𝑟 = 2 𝑏 2 = 𝑎𝑐
∙ 3𝑎 , 3𝑏 , 3𝑐 ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø ¯ûÇÐ.
9) ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý «Îò¾Îò¾ ãýÚ
𝑡8 = 768 ⟹ 𝑎𝑟 7 = 768 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ¦ÀÕì¸üÀÄý 27 ÁüÚõ «¨Å¸Ç¢ø
57
𝑎 (2)7 = 768 þÃñÊÃñÎ ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ¦ÀÕì¸üÀÄÉ¢ý ÜÎ¾ø
2
768 ±É¢ø, «ó¾ ãýÚ ¯ÚôÒ¸¨Çì ¸¡ñ¸.
𝑎= 7
2
768 ¾£÷×:-
𝑎= ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý «Îò¾Îò¾ ãýÚ ¯ÚôÒ¸û
2x2x2x2x2x2x2 𝑎
Ó¨È§Â , 𝑎, 𝑎𝑟 ±ý¸.
𝑎=6 𝑟
¾Ã×,
∙ 10 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ, 𝑡10 = 𝑎𝑟 10
Ó¾ø ãýÚ ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ¦ÀÕì¸øÀÄý = 27
= (6)(2)9
𝑎
= (6)(2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2x 2 x 2) x 𝑎 x 𝑎𝑟 = 27
𝑟
𝑡10 = 3072
𝑎3 = 27
8) 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ±ýÀÉ ´Õ ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø «¨ÁÔõ
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝑎3 = 33
±É¢ø 3 , 3 , 3 ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø
«¨ÁÔõ ±Éì ¸¡ðÎ¸. 𝑎= 3
¾£÷×:-
¾Ã×,
¾Ã×, 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ±ýÀÐ ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý «Îò¾Îò¾
57
ãýÚ ¯ÚôÒ¸û. þÃñÊÃñÎ ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ¦ÀÕì¸üÀÄÉ¢ý ÜÎ¾ø = 2
⟹ 2𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑐 𝑎 𝑎 57
þÕÒÈÓõ 3 þý «Îì¸¢ø ±ØÐ¸, ( x 𝑎) + (𝑎 x 𝑎𝑟) + (𝑎𝑟 x ) =
𝑟 𝑟 2
𝑎2 57 3
𝑟 = 2 «øÄÐ 𝑟 = 3
2
+ 𝑎2 𝑟 + 𝑎2 =
𝑟 2
3
1 57 (i) 𝑎 = 3 ÁüÚõ 𝑟 = 2 ±Ûõ §À¡Ð §¾¨ÅÂ¡É ãýÚ
𝑎2 ( + 𝑟 + 1) = 3
𝑟 2 ¯ÚôÒ¸û , 3, 3 (32)
(3⁄ )
2
1 + 𝑟2 + r 57
2
3 ( )= 2 9
𝑟 2 3x , 3,
3 2
1 + 𝑟2 + r 57 9
9( )= 2, 3,
𝑟 2 2
2
1 + 𝑟2 + r 57 (ii) 𝑎 = 3 ÁüÚõ 𝑟 = ±Ûõ §À¡Ð §¾¨ÅÂ¡É ãýÚ
3
= ¯ÚôÒ¸û
3
, 3, 3 (23)
𝑟 2x9 (2⁄ )
3
1 + 𝑟2 + r 19 3
= 3x , 3, 2
𝑟 2x3 2
1 + 𝑟 2 + r 19 9
= , 3, 2
𝑟 6 2
6(1 + 𝑟 2 + r) = 19𝑟
10) ´Õ ¿À÷ ´Õ ¿¢ÚÅÉò¾¢ø Ð¨½ §ÁÄ¡ÇÃ¡¸ô À½¢Â¢ø
2
6 + 6𝑟 + 6r = 19𝑟 §º÷¸¢È¡÷. «ÅÕìÌ «ó¿¢ÚÅÉõ Ó¾ø Á¡¾
°¾¢ÂÁ¡¸ å. 60,000 ÅÆíÌ¸¢ÈÐ ÁüÚõ ¬ñÎ °¾¢Â
¯Â÷× 5% ÅÆíÌÅ¾¡¸ ´ôÒì¦¸¡û¸¢ÈÐ. 5 ÅÕ¼
6 + 6𝑟 2 + 6r − 19r = 0 +36 −13 ÓÊÅ¢ø «ÅÕ¨¼Â Á¡¾ °¾¢Âõ ±ùÅÇ×? [PTA-6]
¾£÷×:-
6𝑟 2 − 13𝑟 + 6 = 0 −9 −4
¾Ã×, Ó¾ø Á¡¾ °¾¢Âõ = å. 60000
(2𝑟 − 3)(3𝑟 − 2) = 0 6𝑟 6𝑟
¬ñÎ °¾¢Â ¯Â÷× = 5%
2𝑟 − 3 = 0 «øÄÐ 3𝑟 − 2 = 0 Ó¾ø ÅÕ¼ °¾¢Âõ = 60000
2𝑟 = 3 «øÄÐ 3𝑟 = 2 5
þÃñ¼¡õ ÅÕ¼ °¾¢Âõ = 60000 + 60000 x 100
5 5 ÅÕ¼ ÓÊÅ¢ø «ÅÕ¨¼Â Á¡¾ °¾¢Âõ = å.76577.

= 60000 (1 + )
100 Á¡üÚ Ó¨È:-
ãýÈ¡õ ÅÕ¼ °¾¢Âõ ¾Ã×, Ó¾ø Á¡¾ °¾¢Âõ = å. 60000
¬ñÎ °¾¢Â ¯Â÷× = 5%
5 5 5
= 60000 (1 + 100
) + 60000 (1 +
100
)x
100
Ó¾ø ÅÕ¼ ÓÊÅ¢ø þÃñ¼¡õ ÅÕ¼ ÓÊÅ¢ø
5 5 °¾¢Âõ, °¾¢Âõ,
= 60000 (1 + ) (1 + )
100 100
𝑡1 = 60000 + 60000 x 5% 𝑡2 = 63000 + 63000 x 5%
5 2
= 60000 (1 + ) 5 5
100 = 60000 + 60000 x = 63000 + 63000 x
100 100
þ§¾§À¡ø ¦¾¡¼Ã, °¾¢ÂÁ¡ÉÐ
= 60000 + 3000 = 63000 + 3150
5 5 2
60000, 60000 (1 + ) , 60000 (1 + ) , … ±ýÈ = 63000 = 66150
100 100
¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼Ã¡¸ «¨Á¸¢ÈÐ.
5 þíÌ, 𝑎 = 63000 ÁüÚõ
þíÌ, 𝑎 = 60000, 𝑟 = 1 + ,𝑛 = 6
100
WKT, 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1 𝑡2 66150 1323 441 147
𝑟= = = = = = 1.05
5 6−1 𝑡1 63000 1260 420 140
𝑡6 = 60000 x (1 + )
100 WKT, 𝑛 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ, 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1
105 5
= 60000 x ( ) ∙ 5 ÅÕ¼ ÓÊÅ¢ø «ÅÕ¨¼Â Á¡¾ °¾¢Âõ,
100
21 4
= 60000 x ( ) 𝑡5 = (63000) (1.05)5−1
20
= (63000) x (1.05)4
21 21 21 21 21
= 60000 x x x x x
20 20 20 20 20 = (63000) x 1.2155
12252303
= = 76576.5
160
= 76576.89
= 76577
= 76577
11) º¢ÅÁ½¢ ´Õ À½¢ì¸¡É §¿÷¸¡½Ä¢ø Àí§¸ü¸¢È¡÷. ∙ 4 ¬õ ÅÕ¼ ÐÅì¸ò¾¢ø «ÅÕ¨¼Â Á¡¾ °¾¢Âõ,
«ó¿¢ÚÅÉõ «ÅÕìÌ þÃñÎÅ¢¾Á¡É Å¡öôÒ¸¨Ç
ÅÆíÌ¸¢ÈÐ. 𝑡4 = (20000) (1.06)4−1
Å¡öôÒ 𝑨 : Ó¾ø Á¡¾ °¾¢Âõ å.20,000 ÁüÚõ
¿¢îºÂÁ¡É 6% ¬ñÎ °¾¢Â ¯Â÷× 5 = (20000) x (1.06)3
¬ñÎ¸ÙìÌ
= (20000) x 1.191016
Å¡öôÒ 𝑩: Ó¾ø Á¡¾ °¾¢Âõ å.22,000 ÁüÚõ
= (20000) x 1.191
¿¢îºÂÁ¡É 3% ¬ñÎ °¾¢Â ¯Â÷× 5
¬ñÎ¸ÙìÌ. = 23820
𝑨 ÁüÚõ 𝑩 ¬¸¢Â þÕ Å¡öôÒ¸Ç¢Öõ «ÅÕ¨¼Â 4 – Å¡öôÒ : ¾Ã×, Ó¾ø Á¡¾ °¾¢Âõ = å. 22000
ÅÐ ÅÕ¼ °¾¢Âõ ±ùÅÇ×?
¬ñÎ °¾¢Â ¯Â÷× = 3%
¾£÷×:-
Ó¾ø ÅÕ¼ ÐÅì¸ò¾¢ø þÃñ¼¡õ ÅÕ¼ ÐÅì¸ò¾¢ø
Å¡öôÒ : ¾Ã×, Ó¾ø Á¡¾ °¾¢Âõ = å. 20000 «ÅÃÐ °¾¢Âõ, °¾¢Âõ,
¬ñÎ °¾¢Â ¯Â÷× = 6%
Ó¾ø ÅÕ¼ ÐÅì¸ò¾¢ø þÃñ¼¡õ ÅÕ¼ ÐÅì¸ò¾¢ø

𝑡1 = 22000 𝑡2 = 22000 + 22000 x 3%
«ÅÃÐ °¾¢Âõ, °¾¢Âõ,
3
= 22000 + 22000 x
𝑡1 = 20000 𝑡2 = 20000 + 20000 x 6% 100
6 = 22000 + 660
= 20000 + 20000 x
100 = 22660
= 20000 + 1200
þíÌ, 𝑎 = 22000 ÁüÚõ
= 21200 𝑡2 22660 2266 1133 103
𝑟= = = = = = 1.03
𝑡1 22000 2200 1100 100
þíÌ, 𝑎 = 200000 ÁüÚõ
𝑡2 21200 212 106 WKT, 𝑛 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ, 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1
𝑟= = = = = 1.06
𝑡1 20000 200 100
∙ 4 ¬õ ÅÕ¼ ÐÅì¸ò¾¢ø «ÅÕ¨¼Â Á¡¾ °¾¢Âõ,
𝑛−1
WKT, 𝑛 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ, 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟
𝑡4 = (22000) (1.03)4−1
= (22000) x (1.03)3 = 𝑥0 x 𝑟0
=1x 1
= (22000) x 1.092727
∙ 𝑥 𝑏−𝑐 x 𝑦 𝑐−𝑎 x 𝑧 𝑎−𝑏 = 1
= 24039.994
¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷
= 24040
´Õ ¦¾¡¼Ã¢ø ¯ûÇ ¯ÚôÒ¸û «¨ÉòÐõ
12) 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ±ýÀÉ ´Õ ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø ¯ûÇ ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø «¨ÁÔÁ¡É¡ø «ò¦¾¡¼÷
¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷ ±ÉôÀÎõ.
ãýÚ «Îò¾Îò¾ ¯ÚôÒ¸û ÁüÚõ 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 ±ýÀÉ ´Õ
¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý ãýÚ «Îò¾Îò¾ ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý Ó¾ø 𝒏 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø
𝑏−𝑐 𝑐−𝑎 𝑎−𝑏
¯ÚôÒ¸û ±É¢ø, 𝑥 x𝑦 x𝑧 = 1 ±É ¿¢Ú×¸. ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý Ó¾ø 𝒏 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý
¾£÷×:- ÜÎ¾ø 𝑆𝑛 ¬ÉÐ,
¾Ã×, 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ±ýÀÉ ´Õ ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø ¯ûÇ
𝑆𝑛 = 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑟 + 𝑎𝑟 2 + 𝑎𝑟 3 + ⋯ + 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−2 + 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1
ãýÚ «Îò¾Îò¾ ¯ÚôÒ¸û.
𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1)
⟹ 𝑎 = 𝑎, 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑑, 𝑐 = 𝑎 + 2𝑑 1) 𝑟 > 1 ±É¢ø 𝑆𝑛 =
𝑟−1
𝑎(1−𝑟 𝑛 )
2) 𝑟 < 1 ±É¢ø 𝑆𝑛 =
¾Ã×, 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 ±ýÀÉ ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý ãýÚ 1−𝑟
«Îò¾Îò¾ ¯ÚôÒ¸û. 3) 𝑟 = 1 ±É¢ø 𝑆𝑛 = 𝑛𝑎
⟹ 𝑥 = 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑟, 𝑧 = 𝑥𝑟 2 þíÌ, 𝑎 = Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ

𝑡2
𝑑 = ¦À¡Ð Å¢¸¢¾õ = ÁüÚõ
∙ 𝑥 𝑏−𝑐 x 𝑦 𝑐−𝑎 x 𝑧 𝑎−𝑏 = 𝑥 (𝑎+𝑑)−(𝑎+2𝑑) x 𝑦 (𝑎+2𝑑)−𝑎 x 𝑧 𝑎−(𝑎+𝑑) 𝑡1
= 𝑥 𝑎+𝑑−𝑎−2𝑑 x 𝑦 𝑎+2𝑑−𝑎 x 𝑧 𝑎—𝑎−𝑑 𝑛 = ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ±ñ½¢ì¨¸

= 𝑥 −𝑑 x 𝑦 2𝑑 x 𝑧 −𝑑
1) ´Õ ¦¾¡¼Ã¢ÖûÇ ¯ÚôÒ¸û ¦ÀÕìÌò
= 𝑥 −𝑑 x (𝑥𝑟)2𝑑 x (𝑥𝑟2 )−𝑑 ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø þÕìÌÁ¡É¡ø «Ð _______
= 𝑥 −𝑑 x (𝑥𝑟)2𝑑 x (𝑥𝑟2 )−𝑑 ±ÉôÀÎõ.
Å¢¨¼:- ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷
= 𝑥 −𝑑 x 𝑥 2𝑑 𝑟 2𝑑 x 𝑥 −𝑑 (𝑟 2 )−𝑑
2) 𝑟 = 1 ±Ûõ §À¡Ð ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý Ó¾ø 𝑛
= 𝑥 −𝑑+2𝑑−𝑑 x 𝑟 2𝑑 𝑟 −2𝑑 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø ¸¡Ïõ Ýò¾¢Ãõ ____.
−2𝑑+2𝑑 2𝑑−2𝑑 𝑺𝒏 = 𝒏𝒂
=𝑥 x 𝑟 Å¢¨¼:-
3) 𝑟 ≠ 1 ±Ûõ §À¡Ð ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý Ó¾ø 𝑛 1

¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø ¸¡Ïõ Ýò¾¢Ãõ ____.
𝑆∞ =
1−𝑟
𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1) «¾¡ÅÐ, 1 + 𝑟 + 𝑟 2 + 𝑟 3 + ⋯ =
1
Å¢¨¼:- 𝑆𝑛 = , 𝑟 > 1 ÁüÚõ 1−𝑟
𝑟−1 ±É§Å,
𝑎(1 − 𝑟 𝑛 ) 1 3
𝑆𝑛 = ,𝑟 < 1 =
1−𝑟 1−𝑟 4
¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý ÓÊ×È¡ ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã ÜÎ¾ø 4 = 3(1 − 𝑟)
´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý ÓÊ×È¡ ¯ÚôÒ¸û 4 = 3 − 3𝑟
Å¨Ã ÜÎ¾ø 𝑆∞ ¬ÉÐ, 3𝑟 = 3 − 4
3𝑟 = −1
𝑎
𝑆∞ = 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑟 + 𝑎𝑟 2 + 𝑎𝑟 3 + ⋯ = , −1 < 𝑟 < 1 −𝟏
1−𝑟 𝒓=
𝟑
Óý§ÉüÈî §º¡¾¨É:- ±.¸¡ : 2.46 1, −3, 9, −27, … ±ýÈ ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý

1) ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý ÓÊ×È¡ ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã Ó¾ø 8 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø ¸¡ñ¸.
ÜÎ¾ø ________. ¾£÷×:-
𝒂
Å¢¨¼:- 𝑺∞ = ¾Ã×, Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ, 𝑎=1
𝟏−𝒓
−3
2) ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý ÓÊ×È¡ ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã ¦À¡Ð Å¢¸¢¾õ, 𝑟= = −3 ÁüÚõ 𝑛 = 8
1
ÜÎ¾ø ¸¡Ïõ Ýò¾¢Ãõ 𝑟 – Â¢ý ±õÁ¾¢ôÒ¸ÙìÌô 𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1)
¦À¡ÕóÐõ? WKT, 𝑆𝑛 =
𝑟−1
Å¢¨¼:- 𝒓<𝟏 1[(−3) − 1] 38 − 1 6561 − 1 6560
8
Óý§ÉüÈî §º¡¾¨É:- ∴ 𝑆8 = = = = = −1640
−3 − 1 −4 −4 −4
1) 3 + 33 + 333 + ⋯ ±ýÀÐ ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼Ã¡? ±.¸¡ : 2.47 ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø 𝑆6 = 4095 ÁüÚõ
Å¢¨¼:- þø¨Ä
3 𝑟 = 4 ±É¢ø, «¾ý Ó¾ø ¯Úô¨Àì ¸¡ñ¸.
2) 1 + 𝑟 + 𝑟 2 + 𝑟 3 + ⋯ = ±ýÈÅ¡Ú «¨ÁÔõ 𝑟 – Â¢ý
4
Á¾¢ôÒ ______. ¾£÷×:-
−𝟏
Å¢¨¼:- ¾Ã×, ¦À¡Ð Å¢¸¢¾õ, 𝑟 = 4, 𝑛 = 6 ÁüÚõ 𝑆6 = 4095
𝟑
𝑟
¾Ã×, 𝑎 = 1 , 𝑟 = =𝑟 𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1)
𝑎
1 WKT, 𝑆𝑛 =
𝑟−1
WKT, 𝑆∞ =
1−𝑟
¾Ã×, 𝑆6 = 4095 1(4𝑛 − 1)

⟹ = 1365
4−1
6
𝑎(4 − 1)
⟹ = 4095 4𝑛 − 1
4−1 = 1365
3
𝑎(4096 − 1)
= 4095 4𝑛 − 1 = 3 x 1365
3
𝑎(4095) = 3 x 4095 4𝑛 − 1 = 4095
3 x 4095 4𝑛 = 4095 + 1
𝑎=
4095 (22 )𝑛 = 4096
𝑎=3
22𝑛 = 212
±.¸¡ : 2.48 1 + 4 + 16 + ⋯ ±ýÈ ¦¾¡¼Ã¢ý ±ò¾¨É
2𝑛 = 12
¯ÚôÒ¸¨Çì ÜðÊÉ¡ø ÜÎ¾ø 1365 ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ.
¾£÷×:-
12
𝑛=
4 2
¾Ã×, 𝑎 = 1, 𝑟 = 1 = 4 ÁüÚõ 𝑆𝑛 = 1365
𝑛=6
𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1)
WKT, 𝑆𝑛 =
𝑟−1 ∙ 1365
ÜÎ¾ø ¸¢¨¼ì¸ Üð¼ §ÅñÊÂ ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý
±ñ½¢ì¨¸ = 6
1
±.¸¡ : 2.49 3 + 1 + 3 + ⋯ ∞ ±ýÈ ¦¾¡¼Ã¢ý ÜÎ¾ø ¸¡ñ¸.
¾£÷×:-
1
¾Ã×, 𝑎 = 3, 𝑟 = 3
𝑎
WKT, 𝑆∞ =
1−𝑟
3 3 3 3 9 5
= 9 [(10 − 1) + (100 − 1) + (1000 − 1) + ⋯ 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã]
∴ 𝑆∞ = 1= 3−1 = 2 = 3x =
1− 2 2
3 3 3
5
= 9 [(10 + 100 + 1000 + ⋯ 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã)
±.¸¡ : 2.50 0.6666 … ±ýÈ ±ñ½¢ý Å¢¸¢¾ÓÚ ÅÊÅõ ¸¡ñ¸.
¾£÷×:-
– (1 + 1 + 1 + ⋯ 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã)]
0.6666 … = 0.6 + 0.06 + 0.006 + 0.0006 + ⋯
𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1)
þÐ ´Õ ÓÊ×È¡ ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷. WKT, 𝑆𝑛 = þíÌ, 𝑎 = 10, 𝑟 = 10
𝑟−1
0.06
þíÌ, 𝑎 = 0.6, 𝑟 = = 0.1 < 1 5 10(10𝑛 − 1)
0.6 = [ −𝑛]
9 10 − 1
𝑎
WKT, ÓÊ×È¡ ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼Ã¢ý ÜÎ¾ø, 𝑆∞ =
1−𝑟
5 10(10𝑛 − 1)
0.6 0.6 6 2 = [ −𝑛]
𝑆∞ = = = = 9 9
1 − 0.1 0.9 9 3
50(10𝑛 − 1) 5𝑛
2 = −
∴ 0.6666 … = 81 9
3
±.¸¡ : 2.52 1 + 6 + 62 + ⋯ + 6𝑛 > 5000 ±ýÈÅ¡Ú «¨ÁÔõ
±.¸¡ : 2.51 5 + 55 + 555 + ⋯±ýÈ ¦¾¡¼Ã¢ý Ó¾ø 𝑛
Á¢¸îº¢È¢Â Á¢¨¸ ÓØ ±ñ 𝑛 ¸¡ñ¸.
¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø ¸¡ñ¸. [PTA-4]
¾£÷×:-
¾£÷×:-
±ò¾¨É Ì¨ÈÅ¡É ¯ÚôÒ¸¨Çì ÜðÊÉ¡ø ÜÎ¾ø 5000 -
𝑆𝑛 = 5 + 55 + 555 + ⋯ 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã ³ò ¾¡ñÎõ ±É ¸¡½ §ÅñÎõ.
= 5(1 + 11 + 111 + ⋯ 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã) «¾¡ÅÐ, ±ó¾ì Ì¨ÈÅ¡É 𝑛 Á¾¢ôÀ¢üÌ 𝑆𝑛 > 5000 ÅÕõ
±Éì ¸¡½ §ÅñÎõ.
9
= 5x (1 + 11 + 111 + ⋯ 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã) 6
9 þíÌ, 𝑎 = 1, 𝑟 = 1 = 6 > 1
5 𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1)
= 9 (9 + 99 + 999 + ⋯ 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã) WKT, 𝑆𝑛 =
𝑟−1
1(6𝑛 − 1) 6𝑛 − 1 1 6
∴ 𝑆𝑛 = = 𝑎 [1 − (2) ]
6−1 5 = 7875
1
𝑛 1−2
6 −1
𝑆𝑛 > 5000 ⟹ > 5000
5 1
𝑎 [1 − 64]
⟹ 6𝑛 − 1 > 5 x 5000 2−1 = 7875
2
6𝑛 > 25000 + 1
64−1
𝑎[ ]
𝑛 64
6 > 25001 1 = 7875
2
þíÌ, 65 = 7776 ÁüÚõ 66 = 46656 ±ýÀ¾¡ø,
63 2
2 𝑛
1 + 6 + 6 + ⋯ + 6 > 5000 ±ýÈÅ¡Ú «¨ÁÔõ Á¢¸îº¢È¢Â
𝑎x x = 7875
64 1
Á¢¨¸ ÓØ ±ñ = 6 ¬Ìõ.
7875 x 32
𝑎=
±.¸¡ : 2.53 ´Õ ¿À÷ ´ù§Å¡÷ ¬ñÎõ «¾üÌ Óó¨¾Â 63
¬ñÎ §ºÁ¢ò¾ ¦¾¡¨¸Â¢ø À¡¾¢¨Âî §ºÁ¢ì¸¢È¡÷. 6
𝑎 = 4000
¬ñÎ¸Ç¢ø «Å÷ å. 7875 - ³î §ºÁ¢ì¸¢È¡÷ ±É¢ø, Ó¾ø
¬ñÊø «Å÷ §ºÁ¢ò¾ ¦¾¡¨¸ ±ùÅÇ×? ∙ «ó¾ ¿À÷ Ó¾ø ¬ñÊø «Å÷ §ºÁ¢ò¾ ¦¾¡¨¸ = å. 4000
¾£÷×:-
ÀÂ¢üº¢ - 2.8
¾Ã×, 6 ¬ñÎ¸Ç¢ø §ºÁ¢ò¾ ¦¾¡¨¸, = å. 7875
1) ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø Ó¾ø 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý
«¾¡ÅÐ, 𝑆6 = 7875 ÜÎ¾ø ¸¡ñ¸.
9 27
´ù§Å¡÷ ¬ñÎõ §ºÁ¢ìÌõ ¦¾¡¨¸Â¡ÉÐ «¾üÌ Óó¨¾Â (i) 5, −3, 5 , − 25 , …
1 (ii) 256, 64, 16, …
¬ñÊý §ºÁ¢ôÒò ¦¾¡¨¸Â¢ø À¡¾¢ ±ýÀ¾¡ø, 𝑟=2<1
¾£÷×:-
𝑎(1−𝑟 𝑛 )
WKT, 𝑆𝑛 = (i)
9
5, −3, , −
27
,…
1−𝑟
5 25
−3
𝑎(1−𝑟 6 ) þíÌ, 𝑎 = 5, 𝑟 = <1
𝑆6 = 7875 ⟹ = 7875 5
1−𝑟
𝑎(1−𝑟 𝑛 ) 1 𝑛
WKT, 𝑆𝑛 = 256 [1 − (4) ]
1−𝑟
= 4−1
−3 𝑛 5
5 [1 − ( 5 ) ]
∴ 𝑆𝑛 = −3 1 𝑛
1−(5) 256 [1 − (4) ]
= 3
−3 𝑛 5
5 [1 − ( 5 ) ]
= 5+3 5 1 𝑛
5 = 256 x x [1 − ( ) ]
3 4
−3 𝑛
5 [1 − ( 5 ) ] 1024 1 𝑛
= 8 = [1 − ( ) ]
3 4
5
5 −3 𝑛 2) 5, 15, 45, … ±ýÈ ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý Ó¾ø 6

= 5 x x [1 − ( ) ] ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø ¸¡ñ¸.
8 5
¾£÷×:-
25 −3 𝑛 15
= [1 − ( ) ] þíÌ, 𝑎 = 5, 𝑟 = = 3> 1, 𝑛 = 6
8 5 5
𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1)
WKT, 𝑆𝑛 = 𝑟−1
(ii) 256, 64, 16, … 5[36 − 1]

∴ 𝑆6 =
64 1 3−1
þíÌ, 𝑎 = 256, 𝑟 = 256 = 4 < 1
5[729 − 1]
𝑎(1−𝑟 𝑛 ) =
WKT, 𝑆𝑛 = 2
1−𝑟
1 𝑛
5(728)
256 [1 − (4) ] =
2
∴ 𝑆𝑛 = 1
1 − (4) = 5 x 364
= 1820
3 1
3) ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý ¦À¡Ð Å¢¸¢¾õ 5 ÁüÚõ ¾Ã×, 𝑎 = 9, 𝑟 = 9 = 3
Ó¾ø 6 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø 46872 ±É¢ø, «¾ý Ó¾ø
¯Úô¨Àì ¸¡ñ¸. 𝑎
WKT, 𝑆∞ =
1−𝑟
¾£÷×:-
9 9 9 3 27
¾Ã×, ¦À¡Ð Å¢¸¢¾õ, 𝑟 = 5, 𝑛 = 6 ÁüÚõ 𝑆6 = 46872 ∴ 𝑆∞ = 1
= 3−1
= 2
=9x =
1−3 2 2
3 3
𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1)
WKT, 𝑆𝑛 = 28
𝑟−1 (ii) 21 + 14 + +⋯
3
¾Ã×, 𝑆6 = 46872 14 2
¾Ã×, 𝑎 = 21, 𝑟 = 21 = 3
𝑎 (56 − 1)
⟹ = 46872 𝑎
5−1 WKT, 𝑆∞ =
1−𝑟
𝑎(15625 − 1) 21 21 21 3
= 46872 ∴ 𝑆∞ = 2
= 3−2
= 1
= 21 x = 63
4 1−3 1
3 3
𝑎(15624)
= 46872 5) ´Õ ÓÊ×È¡ ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼Ã¢ý Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ 8 ÁüÚõ
4 32
ÓÊ×È¡ ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã ÜÎ¾ø ±É¢ø, «¾ý
3
𝑎 x 3906 = 46872 ¦À¡Ð Å¢¸¢¾õ ¸¡ñ¸.
46872 ¾£÷×:-
𝑎=
3906 32
¾Ã×, 𝑎 = 8, 𝑆∞ = 3
𝑎 = 12
𝑎
WKT, 𝑆∞ =
4) À¢ýÅÕõ ÓÊ×È¡ ¦¾¡¼÷¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø ¸¡ñ¸. 1−𝑟
32 8
(i) 9+3+1+⋯ =
28 3 1−𝑟
(ii) 21 + 14 + +⋯ 32(1 − 𝑟) = 8 x 3
3
24
¾£÷×:- 1−𝑟 =
32
(i) 9+3+1+⋯ 24
1− =𝑟
32
32 − 24 1 1 𝑛
=𝑟 4 (1 − ( ) )
32 10 10
= [𝑛 − 9 ]
9
8 10
𝑟= 𝑛
32 4 1 10 1
= [𝑛 − x (1 − ( ) )]
1 9 10 9 10
𝑟= 4 1 1 𝑛
4 = [𝑛 − (1 − ( ) )]
9 9 10
6) À¢ýÅÕõ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø Ó¾ø 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý
4𝑛 4 1 𝑛
ÜÎ¾ø ¸¡ñ¸. = − [1 − ( ) ]
(i) 0.4 + 0.44 + 0.444 + ⋯ (ii) 3 + 33 + 333 + ⋯
9 81 10
¾£÷×:- (ii) 3 + 33 + 333 + ⋯ 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã
(i) 0.4 + 0.44 + 0.444 + ⋯ 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã 𝑆𝑛 = 3 + 33 + 333 + ⋯ 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã
𝑆𝑛 = 0.4 + 0.44 + 0.444 + ⋯ 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã = 3(1 + 11 + 111 + ⋯ 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã)

9
= 4(0.1 + 0.11 + 0.111 + ⋯ 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã) = 3x (1 + 11 + 111 + ⋯ 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã)
9
9 1
= 4 x (0.1 + 0.11 + 0.111 + ⋯ 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã) = (9 + 99 + 999 + ⋯ 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã)
9 3
4 1
= 9 (0.9 + 0.99 + 0.999 + ⋯ 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã) = 3 [(10 − 1) + (100 − 1) + (1000 − 1) + ⋯ 𝑛¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã]
4 1
= 9 (1 − 0.1 + 1 − 0.01 + 1 − 0.001 + ⋯ 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã) = 3 [(10 + 100 + 1000 + ⋯ 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã)
4
= 9 [(1 + 1 + 1 + ⋯ 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã) – (1 + 1 + 1 + ⋯ 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã)]
𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1)
−(0.1 + 0.01 + 0.001 + ⋯ 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã] WKT, 𝑆𝑛 = þíÌ, 𝑎 = 10, 𝑟 = 10
𝑟−1
4 1 1 1 1 10(10𝑛 − 1)
= [𝑛 − ( + + + ⋯ 𝑛 உறுப்புகள்வலர)] = [ −𝑛]
9 10 100 1000 3 10 − 1
𝑎(1−𝑟 𝑛 ) 1 1
WKT, 𝑆𝑛 = þíÌ, 𝑎 = 10 , 𝑟 = 10 1 10(10𝑛 − 1)
1−𝑟
= [ − 𝑛]
1 1 𝑛 1 1 𝑛 3 9
4 (1 − (10) ) 4 (1 − (10) )
𝑆𝑛 = [𝑛 − 10 1 ] = [𝑛 − 10
10−1 ] 10(10𝑛 − 1) 𝑛
9 1− 9 = −
10 10 9 3
7) 3 + 6 + 12 + ⋯ + 1536 ±ýÈ ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼Ã¢ý ÜÎ¾ø 𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1)

WKT, 𝑆𝑛 = 𝑟−1
¸¡ñ¸. [PTA-3]
¾£÷×:- ∙ ¸Ê¾í¸Ç¢ý ±ñ½¢ì¨¸ = 𝑆8
6
þíÌ, 𝑎 = 3, 𝑟 = 3 = 2, 𝑡𝑛 = 1536 4(48 − 1)
=
WKT, 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1 𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1) 4−1
WKT, 𝑆𝑛 =
⟹ 1536 = 3 x 2𝑛−1 𝑟−1 4(65536 − 1)
1536 3(210 − 1) =
⟹ = 2𝑛−1 𝑆10 = 3
3 2−1 4 x 65535
⟹ 512 = 2𝑛−1 3(1024 − 1) =
= 3
⟹ 29 = 2𝑛−1 1 = 4 x 21845
⟹ 9=𝑛−1 = 3 x 1023
⟹ 9+1 =𝑛 = 3069 = 87380
∴ 𝑛 = 10 ∙ ´Õ ¸Ê¾ò¾¢üÌ ¦ºÄ× å. 2 ±É¢ø, 87380 ¸Ê¾í¸ÙìÌî
8) ÌÁ¡÷ ¾ÉÐ ¿¡ýÌ ¿ñÀ÷¸ÙìÌ ¸Ê¾õ ±ØÐ¸¢È¡÷. ¦ºÄ× = 87380 x 2 = å. 174760
§ÁÖõ ¾ÉÐ ¿ñÀ÷¸¨Ç «Å÷¸û ´ù¦Å¡ÕÅÕõ
¿¡ýÌ ¦Åù§ÅÚ ¿ñÀ÷¸ÙìÌì ¸Ê¾õ ±ØÐÁ¡Úõ 9) 0. ̅̅̅̅̅
123 ±ýÈ ±ñ½¢ý Å¢¸¢¾ÓÚ ÅÊÅõ ¸¡ñ¸.
ÁüÚõ þó¾î ¦ºÂøÓ¨È¨Âò ¦¾¡¼ÕÁ¡Úõ ÜÚ¸¢È¡÷. ¾£÷×:-
þó¾î ¦ºÂøÓ¨È ¦¾¡¼÷îº¢Â¡¸ ¿¨¼¦ÀÚ¸¢ýÈÐ.
0. ̅̅̅̅̅
123 = 0.123123123 …
´Õ ¸Ê¾ò¾¢ü¸¡É ¦ºÄ× å. 2 ±É¢ø 8 ¿¢¨Ä¸û Å¨Ã
¸Ê¾í¸û «ÛôÒÅ¾üÌ ¬Ìõ ¦Á¡ò¾î ¦ºÄ¨Åì = 0.123 + 0.000123 + 0.000000123 + ⋯
¸¡ñ¸. þÐ ´Õ ÓÊ×È¡ ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷.
¾£÷×:-
þíÌ, 𝑎 = 0.123
40 ¸Ê¾í¸Ç¢ý ±ñ½¢ì¨¸Â¡ÉÐ À¢ýÅÕõ ´Õ
¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼Ã¡¸ «¨Á¸¢ÈÐ. 𝑡2 0.000123 0.000123 x 1000000 123 1
𝑟= = = = = <1
𝑡1 0.123 0.123 x 1000000 123000 1000
4 + (4x4) + (4x4x4) + ⋯ 8 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã.
𝑛=∞
2 3
4 + 4 + 4 + ⋯ 8 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã. 𝑎
WKT, 𝑆∞ =
𝑡 4x4
1−𝑟
þíÌ, 𝑎 = 4, 𝑟 = 𝑡2 = 4
= 4 > 1, 𝑛 = 8 0.123
1
𝑆∞ = 1
1 − 1000
0.123 þ¨Å þÃñÎõ ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷¸û ¬Ìõ.

= 1000−1
þíÌ,
1000
0.123
= 𝑎 = 𝑥2 𝑎 = 𝑦2
999
1000 𝑥3
𝑟 = 𝑥2 = 𝑥 𝑦3
1000 𝑟 = 𝑦2 = 𝑦
= 0.123 x
999
𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1) 𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1)
123 WKT, 𝑆𝑛 = WKT, 𝑆𝑛 =
= 𝑟−1 𝑟−1
999
41 𝑥 2 (𝑥 𝑛 − 1) 𝑦 2 (𝑦 𝑛 − 1)
0. ̅̅̅̅̅
123 = (𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑆𝑛 = −
333 𝑥−1 𝑦−1
10) 𝑆𝑛 = (𝑥 + 𝑦) + (𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) + (𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑦 3 ) + ⋯ … 𝑛
𝑥 2 (𝑥 𝑛 −1) 𝑦 2 (𝑦 𝑛 −1) ¿¢åÀ¢ì¸ôÀð¼Ð.
¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã ±É¢ø (𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑆𝑛 = [ − ]
𝑥−1 𝑦−1
º¢ÈôÒò¦¾¡¼÷¸û
±É ¿¢Ú×¸. [PTA-1]
¾£÷×:-
(i) Ó¾ø 𝑛 þÂø ±ñ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø,
¾Ã×,
𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
𝑆𝑛 = (𝑥 + 𝑦) + (𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) + (𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑦 3 ) + ⋯ 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯+ 𝑛 = ∑𝑛 =
2
… 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã (ii) Ó¾ø 𝑛 þÂø ±ñ¸Ç¢ý Å÷ì¸í¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø,
(𝑥 − 𝑦) ¬ø ¦ÀÕì¸×õ, 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1)

þÕÒÈÓõ 12 + 22 + 32 + ⋯ + 𝑛2 = ∑ 𝑛2 =
6
(𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑆𝑛 = (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 + 𝑦) + (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) + (iii) Ó¾ø 𝑛 þÂø ±ñ¸Ç¢ý ¸Éí¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø,
(𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑦 3 ) + ⋯ … 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)

2
3 3 3 3 3
1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯+ 𝑛 = ∑𝑛 = ( )
2
= (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ) + (𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 ) + (𝑥 4 − 𝑦 4 ) … 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã
(iv) Ó¾ø 𝑛 ´ü¨È þÂø ±ñ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø,
= (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 4 + ⋯ 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã) −
(𝑦 2 + 𝑦 3 + 𝑦 4 + ⋯ 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã)
(«) 1 + 3 + 5 + ⋯ 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã= 𝑛2 1) ºÐÃí¸ô ÀÄ¨¸Â¢ø ¦Á¡ò¾õ ±ò¾¨É ºÐÃí¸¸û

¯ûÇÉ?
Å¢¨¼:- 𝟐𝟎𝟒
𝑙+1 2
(¬) 1 + 3 + 5 + ⋯+ 𝑙 = ( ) , þíÌ 𝑙 ±ýÀÐ ¸¨¼º¢ WKT, 12 + 22 + 32 + ⋯ + 𝑛2 =
𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
2
6
þíÌ, 𝑛=8
´ü¨È ±ñ.
8 x 9 x 17
∙ 12 + 22 + 32 + ⋯ + 82 = 6
¯í¸ÙìÌò ¦¾Ã¢ÔÁ¡?
= 4 x 3 x 17
1) Ó¾ø 𝑛 þÂø ±ñ¸¨Ç ´Õ Óì§¸¡½ ÅÊÅ¢ø = 12 x 17
«¨Áì¸ ÓÊÔõ ±ýÀ¾¡ø «ÅüÈ¢ý ÜÎ¾¨Ä = 204
Óì§¸¡½ ±ñ ±É «¨Æì¸Ä¡õ. 2) ºÐÃí¸ô ÀÄ¨¸Â¢ø ¦Á¡ò¾õ ±ò¾¨É ¦ºùÅ¸í¸û
¯ûÇÉ?
Å¢¨¼:- 𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟔
𝑛(𝑛+1) 2
WKT, 13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ + 𝑛3 = ∑ 𝑛3 = [ ]
2
þíÌ, 𝑛=8
8x9 2
∙ 13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ + 83 = [ ]
2
= [4 x 9]2
2) Ó¾ø 𝑛 þÂø ±ñ¸Ç¢ý Å÷ì¸í¸¨Ç ´Õ À¢ÃÁ¢Î
ÅÊÅ¢ø «¨Áì¸ ÓÊÔõ ±ýÀ¾¡ø «ÅüÈ¢ý ÜÎ¾¨Ä = (36)2
ºÐÃ ±ñ ±É «¨Æì¸Ä¡õ. = 1296
º¢ó¾¨Éì¸Çõ:- Óý§ÉüÈî §º¡¾¨É:-
1) Ó¾ø 𝑛 þÂø ±ñ¸Ç¢ý ¸Éí¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾Ä¡ÉÐ, Ó¾ø

𝑛 þÂø ±ñ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾Ä¢ý _________ ¬Ìõ.
Å¢¨¼:- Å÷ì¸õ
𝑛(𝑛+1)
WKT, 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + +𝑛 =
2
Ó¾ø 𝑛 þÂø ±ñ¸Ç¢ý ¸Éí¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø,
2
3 3 3
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 3
1 +2 +3 +⋯+𝑛 = [ ]
2
= [1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + +𝑛]2 ±.¸¡ : 2.55 ÜÎ¾ø ¸¡ñ¸ :

= Ó¾ø 𝑛 þÂø ±ñ¸Ç¢ý
ÜÎ¾Ä¢ý Å÷ì¸õ. (i) 1 + 3 + 5 + ⋯ 40 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã.
2) Ó¾ø 100 þÂø ±ñ¸Ç¢ý ºÃ¡ºÃ¢ __________. (ii) 2 + 4 + 6 + ⋯ + 80
Å¢¨¼:- 𝟓𝟎. 𝟓 (iii) 1 + 3 + 5 + ⋯ + 55 [PTA-6]
𝑛(𝑛+1) ¾£÷×:-
WKT, 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + +𝑛 =
2
Ó¾ø 100 þÂø ±ñ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø, (i) 1 + 3 + 5 + ⋯ 40 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã.
∙ 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 100 =
100 x 101
= 50 x 101 = 5050 WKT, 1 + 3 + 5 + ⋯ 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã = 𝑛2
2
∙ 1 + 3 + 5 + ⋯ 40 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã = (40)2 = 1600
∙ Ó¾ø 100 þÂø ±ñ¸Ç¢ý ºÃ¡ºÃ¢,
(ii) 2 + 4 + 6 + ⋯ + 80
5050
= = 50.50 = 𝟓𝟎. 𝟓 𝑛(𝑛+1)
100 WKT, 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + +𝑛 =
2
∙ 2 + 4 + 6 + ⋯ + 80 = 2(1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 40)
±.¸¡ : 2.54 Á¾¢ôÒ ¸¡ñ¸ :
40 x 41
=2x
(i) 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 50 (ii) 16 + 17 + 18 + ⋯ + 75 2
= 2 x 20 x 41
¾£÷×:-
= 1640
(i) 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 50 (iii) 1 + 3 + 5 + ⋯ + 55
𝑛(𝑛+1)
WKT, 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + +𝑛 = 𝑙+1 2
2 WKT, 1 + 3 + 5 + ⋯ + 𝑙 = ( ) ,
50 x 51 2
∙ 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 50 = = 25 x 51 = 1275 þíÌ 𝑙 ±ýÀÐ ¸¨¼º¢ ´ü¨È ±ñ.
2
(ii) 16 + 17 + 18 + ⋯ + 75 55+1 2 56 2
𝑛(𝑛+1) ∙ 1 + 3 + 5 + ⋯ + 55 = ( 2
) = ( 2 ) = (28)2 = 784
WKT, 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + +𝑛 =
2
(iii) ∙ 16 + 17 + 18 + ⋯ + 75 ±.¸¡ : 2.56 ÜÎ¾ø ¸¡ñ¸ :
= (1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 75) − (1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 15)
(i) 12 + 22 + 32 + ⋯ + 192
75 x 76 15 x 16
= − (ii) 52 + 102 + 152 + ⋯ + 1052
2 2
= 75 x 38 − 15 x 8 (iii) 152 + 162 + 172 + ⋯ + 282
= 2850 − 120 ¾£÷×:-
= 2730 (i) 12 + 22 + 32 + ⋯ + 192
𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1) Å¢¨¼:- ¾ÅÚ

WKT, 12 + 22 + 32 + ⋯ + 𝑛2 =
6 2) «Îò¾Îò¾ þÃð¨¼ ±ñ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾Ä¡ÉÐ ±ô§À¡Ðõ
19 x 20 x 39
∙ 12 + 22 + 32 + ⋯ + 192 = µ÷ þÃð¨¼ ±ñ½¡Ìõ.
6
Å¢¨¼:- ºÃ¢
= 19 x 10 x 13
3) Ó¾ø 𝑛 þÂø ±ñ¸Ç¢ý Å÷ì¸í¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø ÁüÚõ
= 247 x 10
Ó¾ø 𝑛 þÂø ±ñ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø ¬¸¢ÂÅüÈ¢üÌ
= 2470
þ¨¼§Â ¯ûÇ Å¢ò¾¢Â¡ºõ ±ô§À¡Ðõ 2 ¬ø
(ii) 52 + 102 + 152 + ⋯ + 1052
ÅÌÀÎõ.
𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
WKT, 12 + 22 + 32 + ⋯ + 𝑛2 = Å¢¨¼:- ºÃ¢
6
4) Ó¾ø 𝑛 þÂø ±ñ¸Ç¢ý ¸Éí¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾Ä¡ÉÐ
2 2 2 2 2( 2 2 2 2
∙ 5 + 10 + 15 + ⋯ + 105 = 5 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 21 ±ô§À¡Ðõ ´Õ Å÷ì¸ ±ñ½¡Ìõ.
Å¢¨¼:- ºÃ¢
21 x 22 x 43
= 25 x
6 ±.¸¡ : 2.57 ÜÎ¾ø ¸¡ñ¸ :
= 25 x 7 x 11 x 43
= 175 x 473 (i) 13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ + 163
= 82775 (ii) 93 + 103 + 113 + ⋯ + 213
(iii) 152 + 162 + 172 + ⋯ + 282 ¾£÷×:-
2 2 2 2 𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
WKT, 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 𝑛 = (i) 13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ + 163
6
∙ 152 + 162 + 172 + ⋯ + 282 𝑛(𝑛+1) 2
WKT, 13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ + 𝑛3 = ∑ 𝑛3 = [ ]
2
= (12 2 2 2)
+ 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 28 − (1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 14 ) 2 2 2 2
16 x 17 2
∙ 13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ + 163 = [ ]
28 x 29 x 57 14 x 15 x 29 2
= − = [8 x 17]2
6 6
= 14 x 29 x 19 − 7 x 5 x 29 = (136)2
= 7714 − 1015 = 18496
= 6699 (ii) 9 + 10 + 11 + ⋯ + 213
3 3 3
Óý§ÉüÈî §º¡¾¨É:- 𝑛(𝑛+1) 2

WKT, 13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ + 𝑛3 = ∑ 𝑛3 = [ ]
2
ºÃ¢Â¡, ¾ÅÈ¡ ±Éì ÜÚ¸. ¯ÉÐ Å¢¨¼ì¸¡É ¸¡Ã½õ ¾Õ¸. ∙ 93 + 103 + 113 + ⋯ + 213
= (13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ + 213 ) − (13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ + 83 )
1) Ó¾ø 𝑛 ´ü¨È þÂø ±ñ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾Ä¡ÉÐ ±ô§À¡Ðõ
µ÷ ´ü¨È ±ñ½¡Ìõ.
21 x 22 2 8x9 2 ÀÂ¢üº¢ - 2.9

=( ) −( )
2 2
= (231)2 − (36)2 1) À¢ýÅÕõ ¦¾¡¼÷¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾¨Äì ¸¡ñ¸.
= 53361 − 1296 (i) 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 60 (ii) 3 + 6 + 9 + ⋯ + 96
= 52065 (iii) 51 + 52 + 53 + ⋯ + 92 (iv) 1 + 4 + 9 + 16 + ⋯ + 225
(v) 62 + 72 + 82 + ⋯ + 212
(vi) 103 + 113 + 123 + ⋯ + 203 [PTA-5]
±.¸¡ : 2.58 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 𝑛 = 666 ±É¢ø, 𝑛 -Â¢ý Á¾¢ôÒ
(vii) 1 + 3 + 5 + ⋯ + 71
¸¡ñ¸. [PTA-2]
¾£÷×:-
¾£÷×:- (i) 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 60
𝑛(𝑛+1) 𝑛(𝑛+1)
WKT, 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯+ 𝑛 = WKT, 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + +𝑛 =
2 2
60 x 61
¾Ã×, 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ … + 𝑛 = 666 ∙ 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 60 = = 30 x 61 = 1830
2
(ii) 3 + 6 + 9 + ⋯ + 96
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 𝑛(𝑛+1)
= 666 WKT, 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + +𝑛 =
2 2
∙ 3 + 6 + 9 + ⋯ + 96 = 3(1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 32)
𝑛2 + 𝑛 = 2 x 666 3 x 32 x 33
= = 3 x 16 x 33 = 1584
2
𝑛2 + 𝑛 = 1332 −1332 +1
(iii) 51 + 52 + 53 + ⋯ + 92
𝑛(𝑛+1)
𝑛2 + 𝑛 − 1332 = 0 +37 −36 WKT, 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + +𝑛 =
2
∙ 51 + 52 + 53 + ⋯ + 92
(𝑛 + 37)(𝑛 − 36) = 0
= (1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 92) − (1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 50)
𝑛 + 37 = 0 «øÄÐ 𝑛 − 36 = 0 92 x 93 50 x 51
= −
2 2
𝑛 = −37 𝑛 = 36 = 46 x 93 − 25 x 51
= 4278 − 1275
þíÌ, 𝑛 ±ýÀÐ ´Õ Á¢¨¸ ±ñ ±ýÀ¾¡ø, 𝑛 = 36.
= 3003
(iv) 1 + 4 + 9 + 16 + ⋯ + 225
𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
WKT, 12 + 22 + 32 + ⋯ + 𝑛2 =
6
∙ 1 + 4 + 9 + 16 + ⋯ + 225 = 12 + 22 + 32 + ⋯ + 152 71+1 2 72 2

∙ 1 + 3 + 5 + ⋯ + 71 = ( 2
) = ( 2 ) = (36)2 = 1296
15 x 16 x 31
=
6 2) 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 𝑘 = 325 ±É¢ø, 13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ + 𝑘 3 -
= 5 x 8 x 31 Â¢ý Á¾¢ôÒ ¸¡ñ¸.
= 40 x 31 ¾£÷×:-
= 1240 ¾Ã×, 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 𝑘 = 325
2 2 2 2
(v) 6 + 7 + 8 + ⋯ + 21 𝑘(𝑘 + 1)
𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1) ⟹ = 325
WKT, 12 + 22 + 32 + ⋯ + 𝑛2 = 2
6
𝑘(𝑘+1) 2
∙ 62 + 72 + 82 + ⋯ + 212 ∙ 13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ + 𝑘 3 = [ ] = (325)2 = 105625
2
= (12 + 22 + 32 + ⋯ + 212 ) − (12 + 22 + 32 + ⋯ + 52 ) 3) 13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ + 𝑘 3 = 44100 ±É¢ø, 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 𝑘 -
21 x 22 x 43 5 x 6 x 11 Â¢ý Á¾¢ôÒ ¸¡ñ¸.
= −
6 6 ¾£÷×:-
= 7 x 11 x 43 − 5 x 11
¾Ã×, 13 + 23 + 33 + … + 𝑘 3 = 44100
= 77 x 43 − 55 2
𝑘(𝑘 + 1)
= 3311 − 55 [ ] = 44100
2
= 3256 2
(vi) 103 + 113 + 123 + ⋯ + 203 𝑘(𝑘 + 1)
[ ] = (210)2
𝑛(𝑛+1) 2 2
WKT, 13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ + 𝑛3 = ∑ 𝑛3 = ( ) þÕÒÈÓõ Å÷ì¸ãÄõ ±Îì¸×õ,
2
∙ 103 + 113 + 123 + ⋯ + 203 𝑘(𝑘 + 1)
= 210
= (13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ + 203 ) − (13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ + 93 ) 2
1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 𝑘 = 210
20 x 21 2 9 x 10 2
=( ) −( ) 4) 13 + 23 + 33 + … ±ýÈ ¦¾¡¼Ã¢ý ±ò¾¨É ¯ÚôÒ¸¨Çì
2 2
= (210)2 − (45)2 ÜðÊÉ¡ø ÜÎ¾ø 14400 ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ?
= 44100 − 2025 ¾£÷×:-
= 42075 𝑛(𝑛+1) 2
WKT, 13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ +𝑛3 = ( )
(vii) 1 + 3 + 5 + ⋯ + 71 2
3 3 3 3
¾Ã×, 1 + 2 + 3 + … +𝑛 = 14400
𝑙+1 2 2
WKT, 1 + 3 + 5 + ⋯ + 𝑙 = ( ) , 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
2
( ) = 14400
þíÌ 𝑙 ±ýÀÐ ¸¨¼º¢ ´ü¨È ±ñ. 2
2
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 𝑛2 + 𝑛 = 90 +16 −15
( ) = (120)2 2
𝑛 + 𝑛 − 90 = 0 𝑛 𝑛
2
þÕÒÈÓõ Å÷ì¸ãÄõ ±Îì¸×õ, (𝑛 − 9)(𝑛 + 10) = 0
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 𝑛 − 9 = 0 («øÄÐ) 𝑛 + 10 = 0
= 120 𝑛=9 𝑛 = −10
2
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) = 2 x 120 þíÌ, 𝑛 ´Õ þÂø ±ñ ±ýÀ¾¡ø,
𝑛2 + 𝑛 = 240 𝑛=9
𝑛2 + 𝑛 − 240 = 0 −240 +1 6) §Ã¸¡Å¢¼õ 10 ¦º.Á£, 11 ¦º.Á£, 12 ¦º.Á£, . . . . . . , 24
( 𝑛 − 15)(𝑛 + 16) = 0 ¦º.Á£ ±ýÈ Àì¸ «Ç×ûÇ 15 ºÐÃ ÅÊÅ Åñ½ì
𝑛 − 15 = 0 («) 𝑛 + 16 = 0 +16 −15 ¸¡¸¢¾í¸û ¯ûÇÉ. þó¾ Åñ½ì ¸¡¸¢¾í¸¨Çì
𝑛 = 15 𝑛 = −16 𝑛 𝑛 ¦¸¡ñÎ ±ùÅÇ× ÀÃô¨À «¨¼òÐ «Äí¸Ã¢ì¸
ÓÊÔõ? [PTA-1]
þíÌ, 𝑛 ´Õ þÂø ±ñ ±ýÀ¾¡ø, 𝑛 = 15 ¾£÷×:-
3 3 3
∙ 1 + 2 + 3 + … ±ýÈ ¦¾¡¼Ã¢ý 15 ¯ÚôÒ¸¨Çì WKT, 1)ºÐÃò¾¢ý ÀÃôÒ = 𝑎2
ÜðÊÉ¡ø ÜÎ¾ø 14400 ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ.
n(n+1)(2n+1)
5) Ó¾ø 𝑛 þÂø ±ñ¸Ç¢ý Å÷ì¸í¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø 285 2)12 + 22 + 32 + ⋯ + n2 =
6
ÁüÚõ Ó¾ø 𝑛 þÂø ±ñ¸Ç¢ý ¸Éí¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø
15 Åñ½ì ¸¡¸¢¾í¸¨Çì ¦¸¡ñÎ «Äí¸Ã¢ì¸ôÀÎõ ÀÃôÒ
2025 ±É¢ø, 𝑛 -Â¢ý Á¾¢ôÒ ¸¡ñ¸.
¾£÷×:- = 102 + 112 + 122 + ⋯ + 242
𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
WKT, 1)12 + 22 + 32 + ⋯ + 𝑛2 =
6
𝑛(𝑛+1) 2
= (12 + 22 + ⋯ +242 ) − (12 + 22 + 32 + ⋯ + 92 )
3 3 3 3
2) 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ +𝑛 = ( )
2
¾Ã×, 13 + 23 + 33 + … +𝑛3 = 2025 24 x 25 x 49 9 x 10 x 19
2 = −
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 6 6
( ) = 2025
2
2 = 100 x 49 − 15 x 19
𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
( ) = (45)2
2
þÕÒÈÓõ Å÷ì¸ãÄõ ±Îì¸×õ, = 4900 − 285
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) −240 +1
= 45 = 4615 º.¦º.Á£.
2
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) = 2 x 45
7) (23 − 13 ) + (43 − 33 ) + (63 − 53 ) + ⋯±ýÈ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý

«ÄÌôÀÂ¢üº¢ - 2
(i) 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã (ii) 8 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã ÜÎ¾ø
¸¡ñ¸. 1) ±øÄ¡ Á¢¨¸ ÓØì¸û 𝑛 –ìÌõ 𝑛2 − 𝑛 ¬ÉÐ 2 -¬ø
¾£÷×:- ÅÌÀÎõ ±É ¿¢Ú×¸.
𝑛(𝑛+1) 2 ¾£÷×:-
WKT, 13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ + 𝑛3 = ( )
2 ±øÄ¡ Á¢¨¸ ÓØì¸Ùõ 𝑛 «øÄÐ 𝑛 + 1 ±ýÈ ÅÊÅ¢ø
(i) (23 − 13 ) + (43 − 33 ) + (63 − 53 ) + ⋯ 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã
«¨ÁÔõ
= (23 + 43 + 63 + ⋯ + 𝑛3 ) − (13 + 33 + 53 + ⋯ + 𝑛3 )
¿¢¨Ä-1:- ¿¢¨Ä -2:-
= 23 (13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ + 𝑛3 ) 𝑛 ±ýÀÐ µ÷ þÃð¨¼ ±ñ 𝑛 ±ýÀÐ µ÷ ´ü¨È ±ñ
− [(13 + 23 + 33 + 43 + 53 + ⋯ + 2𝑛3 ) ±É¢ø, 𝑛 = 2𝑘 ±É¢ø, 𝑛 = 2𝑘 + 1
−(23 + 43 + 63 + ⋯ + 𝑛3 )]
2 ⟹ 𝑛2 − 𝑛 = (2𝑘)2 − 2𝑘 ⟹ 𝑛2 − 𝑛 = (2𝑘 + 1)2 − 2𝑘 + 1
𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
= 8( ) − (13 + 23 + 33 + 43 + 53 + ⋯ + 2𝑛3 ) = 2𝑘 . 2𝑘 + 2𝑘 = (2𝑘 + 1)[2𝑘 + 1 − 1]
2
+23 (13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ + 𝑛3 ) = 2𝑘(2𝑘 − 1) = (2𝑘 + 1)(2𝑘)
2 2 2
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 2𝑛(2𝑛 + 1) 𝑛(𝑛 + 1) þÐ 2 ¬ø ÅÌÀÎõ. = 2𝑘(2𝑘 + 1)
= 8( ) −( ) + 8( )
2 2 2 þÐ 2 ¬ø ÅÌÀÎõ.
2 2
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 2𝑛(2𝑛 + 1) ∙ ±øÄ¡ Á¢¨¸ ÓØì¸û 𝑛 – ìÌõ, 𝑛2 − 𝑛 ¬ÉÐ 2 ¬ø
= 16 ( ) −( )
2 2 ÅÌÀÎõ.
𝑛2 (𝑛 + 1)2 4𝑛2 (2𝑛 + 1)2
= 16 x − 2) ´Õ À¡ø¸¡ÃÃ¢¼õ 175 Ä¢ð¼÷ ÀÍõ À¡Öõ 105 Ä¢ð¼÷
4 4 ±Õ¨ÁôÀ¡Öõ ¯ûÇÐ. þÅü¨È «Å÷ ºÁ
= 4 𝑛2 (𝑛2 + 2𝑛 + 1) − 𝑛2 (4𝑛2 + 4𝑛 + 1) ¦¸¡ûÇÇ×ì ¦¸¡ñ¼ þÕÅ¨¸Â¡É ¸Äý¸Ç¢ø
= 4 𝑛4 + 8𝑛3 + 4𝑛2 − 4𝑛4 − 4𝑛3 − 𝑛2 «¨¼òÐ Å¢ü¸ Å¢ÕôÀôÀÎ¸¢È¡÷. (i) þùÅ¡Ú
= 4𝑛3 + 3𝑛2 Å¢üÀ¾üÌò §¾¨ÅôÀÎõ ¸Äý¸Ç¢ý «¾¢¸Àðº
¦¸¡ûÇÇ× ±ùÅÇ×? (ii) ±ò¾¨É ¸Äý ÀÍõÀ¡ø
(ii) 𝑆𝑛 = 4𝑛3 + 3𝑛2
(23 − 13 ) + (43 − 33 ) + (63 − 53 ) + ⋯ 8 ¯ÚôÒ¸û Å¨Ã ÁüÚõ (iii) ±Õ¨ÁôÀ¡ø Å¢ü¸ôÀðÊÕìÌõ?
𝑆8 = 4(8)3 + 3(8)2 ¾£÷×:-
= 4 x 512 + 3 x 64
= 2048 + 192 (i) ¾Ã×, ÀÍõ À¡ø = 175 Ä¢ð¼÷
= 2240 ±Õ¨ÁôÀ¡ø = 105 Ä¢ð¼÷
ºÁ ¦¸¡ûÇÇ× ¦¸¡ñ¼ þÕÅ¨¸Â¡É ¸Äý¸Ç¢ý
¦¸¡ûÇÇ× ¸¡½ Á£.¦À¡.Å ¸¡½ §ÅñÎõ.
¸ÄÉ¢ý ¦¸¡ûÇÇ× = 175, 105 − þý Á£.¦À¡.Å = 13(6𝑞) + 52 + 1

175 = 105 x 1 + 70 ; Á£¾¢ = 70 ≠ 0 = 13(6𝑞) + 13(4) + 1
105 = 70 x 1 + 35 ; Á£¾¢ = 35 ≠ 0 = 13(6𝑞 + 4) + 1
70 = 35 x 2 + 0 ; 𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 3𝑐 ³ 13 ¬ø ÅÌìÌõ §À¡Ð ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ Á£¾¢ = 1.
þíÌ, Á£¾¢ = 0 ∙ 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 ¬ÉÐ 13 ¬ø ÅÌÀÎõ.
¬¸§Å, 175 ÁüÚõ 105 – Â¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Å = 35
4) 107 ¬ÉÐ 4𝑞 + 3, 𝑞 ±ýÀÐ ²§¾Ûõ ´Õ ÓØ ±ýÈ
ÅÊÅ¢ø «¨ÁÔõ ±É ¿¢Ú×¸.
±É§Å, ¸ÄÉ¢ý ¦¸¡ûÇÇ× = 35 Ä¢ð¼÷
175 ¾£÷×:-
(ii) ÀÍõÀ¡ø ¸Äý¸Ç¢ý ±ñ½¢ì¨¸ = =5
35
105 WKT, äìÇ¢Êý ÅÌò¾ø Ð¨½ò§¾üÈò¾¢ý ÀÊ,
(iii) ±Õ¨ÁôÀ¡ø ¸Äý¸Ç¢ý ±ñ½¢ì¨¸ = =3
35 𝑎 = 𝑏𝑞 + 𝑟, 0≤𝑟<𝑏
3) 𝑎, 𝑏 ÁüÚõ 𝑐 ±ýÈ Á¢¨¸ ÓØì¸¨Ç 13 ¬ø ÅÌìÌõ
äìÇ¢Êý ÅÌò¾ø Ð¨½ò§¾üÈò¾¢ý ÀÊ,
§À¡Ð ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ Á£¾¢¸û Ó¨È§Â 9, 7, 10 ±É¢ø 𝑎 +
2𝑏 + 3𝑐 ³ 13 ¬ø ÅÌìÌõ §À¡Ð ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ Á£¾¢¨Âì 107 = 4 x 26 + 3
¸¡ñ¸.
±É§Å, 107 ¬ÉÐ 4𝑞 + 3 ±ýÈ ÅÊÅ¢ø «¨ÁÔõ.
¾£÷×:-
WKT, äìÇ¢Êý ÅÌò¾ø Ð¨½ò§¾üÈò¾¢ý ÀÊ, 5) ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý (𝑚 + 1)𝑡ℎ ÅÐ ¯ÚôÀ¡ÉÐ
𝑎 = 𝑏𝑞 + 𝑟, 0≤𝑟<𝑏 (𝑛 + 1)𝑡ℎ ÅÐ ¯ÚôÀ¢ý þÕ Á¼íÌ ±É¢ø, (3𝑚 + 1)𝑡ℎ
¾Ã×, ÅÐ ¯ÚôÀ¡ÉÐ (𝑚 + 𝑛 + 1)𝑡ℎ ÅÐ ¯ÚôÀ¢ý þÕ
𝑎 ³ 13 ¬ø ÅÌìÌõ §À¡Ð ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ Á£¾¢ =9 Á¼íÌ ±É ¿¢Ú×¸.
⟹ 𝑎 = 13𝑞 + 9  (1)
¾£÷×:-
𝑏 ³ 13 ¬ø ÅÌìÌõ §À¡Ð ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ Á£¾¢ = 7
⟹ 𝑏 = 13𝑞 + 7  (2)
𝑐 ³ 13 ¬ø ÅÌìÌõ §À¡Ð ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ Á£¾¢ = 10 ¿¢åÀ¢ì¸ : 𝑡3𝑚+1 = 2 x 𝑡𝑚+𝑛+1
⟹ 𝑐 = 13𝑞 + 10  (3)
WKT, 𝑛 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ, 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
(1)+(2)+(3):
𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 3𝑐 = 13𝑞 + 9 + 2(13𝑞 + 7) + 3(13𝑞 + 10) ¾Ã× : 𝑡𝑚+1 = 2 x 𝑡𝑛+1
= 13𝑞 + 9 + 26𝑞 + 14 + 39𝑞 + 30 𝑎 + (𝑚 + 1 − 1)𝑑 = 2[𝑎 + (𝑛 + 1 − 1)𝑑]
= 13𝑞 + 26𝑞 + 39𝑞 + 9 + 14 + 30 𝑎 + 𝑚𝑑 = 2[𝑎 + 𝑛𝑑]
= 78𝑞 + 53
𝑎 + 𝑚𝑑 = 2𝑎 + 2𝑛𝑑  (1) 7) þÃñÎ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º¸û ´§Ã ¦À¡ÐÅ¢ò¾¢Â¡ºõ

∙ 𝑡3𝑚+1 = 𝑎 + (3𝑚 + 1 − 1)𝑑 ¦¸¡ñÎûÇÉ. 2
´Õ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ
= 𝑎 + 3𝑚𝑑 ÁüÚõ Áü¦È¡Õ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ 7.
= 𝑎 + 𝑚𝑑 + 2𝑚𝑑 þÕ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º¸Ç¢ý 10 ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ¸Ùì¸¢¨¼§Â
¯ûÇ Å¢ò¾¢Â¡ºõ, 21 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ¸Ùì¸¢¨¼§Â
= 2𝑎 + 2𝑛𝑑 + 2𝑚𝑑 [∵ (1) - Ä¢ÕóÐ ] ¯ûÇ Å¢ò¾¢Â¡ºò¾¢üÌî ºÁõ ±É ¿¢åÀ¢òÐ ¯ûÇÐ.
þó¾ Å¢ò¾¢Â¡ºõ «ó¾ì ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º¸Ç¢ý
= 2(𝑎 + 𝑛𝑑 + 𝑚𝑑) ¦À¡Ð Å¢ò¾¢Â¡ºò¾¢üÌî ºÁÁ¡¸ ¯ûÇÐ ±É ¿¢Ú×¸.
= 2[𝑎 + (𝑚 + 𝑛)𝑑] ¾£÷×:-

Ó¾ø ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ : þÃñ¼¡õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ :
= 2[𝑎 + (𝑚 + 𝑛 + 1 − 1)𝑑]
𝑎=2 ÁüÚõ 𝑑=𝑑 𝑎=7 ÁüÚõ 𝑑=𝑑
= 2 x 𝑡𝑚+𝑛+1
WKT, 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 WKT, 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
6) −2, −4, −6, … , −100 ±ýÈ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø þÚ¾¢
¯ÚôÀ¢Ä¢ÕóÐ 12 –ÅÐ ¯Úô¨Àì ¸¡ñ¸. 𝑡10 = 𝑎 + 9𝑑 = 2 + 9𝑑 𝑇10 = 𝑎 + 9𝑑 = 7 + 9𝑑
¾£÷×:- 𝑡21 = 𝑎 + 20𝑑 = 2 + 20𝑑 𝑇21 = 𝑎 + 20𝑑 = 7 + 20𝑑

þÚ¾¢ ¯ÚôÀ¢Ä¢ÕóÐ 12 –ÅÐ ¯Úô¨Àì ¸¡½, ¸¨¼º¢
¯Ú¨À Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ ±Éì ¦¸¡û¸. 𝑇10 − 𝑡10 = (7 + 9𝑑) − 𝑇21 − 𝑡21
«¾¡ÅÐ, −100, −98, −96, … , −6, −4, −2 (2 + 9𝑑)
= (7 + 21𝑑) − (2 + 21𝑑)
þíÌ, 𝑎 = −100 , 𝑛 = 12 ÁüÚõ = 7 + 9𝑑 − 2 − 9𝑑
𝑑 = −98 − (−100) = −98 + 100 = 2 = 7 + 21𝑑 − 2 − 21𝑑
WKT, 𝑛 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ, 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 = 7−2
= 7−2
∴ þÚ¾¢ ¯ÚôÀ¢Ä¢ÕóÐ 12 –ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ
=5
= 𝑡12 =5
= 𝑎 + 11𝑑
∙ 𝑇𝑛 − 𝑡𝑛 = [𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑] − [𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
= −100 + 11(2)
= −100 + 22 = 7 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 − 2 − (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
= −78 = 7−2
=5
8) ´Õ ¿À÷ 10 ¬ñÎ¸Ç¢ø å. 16500 ³ §ºÁ¢ì¸¢È¡÷. 𝑎 + 450 = 1650

´ù¦Å¡Õ ¬ñÎõ «Å÷ §ºÁ¢ìÌõ ¦¾¡¨¸Â¡ÉÐ
«¾üÌ Óó¨¾Â ¬ñÎ §ºÁ¢ìÌõ ¦¾¡¨¸¨Â Å¢¼ 𝑎 = 1650 − 450
å. 100 «¾¢¸õ ±É¢ø, «Å÷ Ó¾ø ¬ñÎ ±ùÅÇ×
§ºÁ¢ò¾¢ÕôÀ¡÷? [PTA-4]
𝑎 = 1200
¾£÷×:- ∴ Ó¾ø ¬ñÎ §ºÁ¢ò¾ ¦¾¡¨¸ = å. 1200

Ó¾ø ¬ñÎ §ºÁ¢ò¾ ¦¾¡¨¸ = 𝑎 ±ý¸.
9) ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý 2 - ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ √6
¾Ã×, ´ù¦Å¡Õ ¬ñÎõ «Å÷ §ºÁ¢ìÌõ ¦¾¡¨¸Â¡ÉÐ ÁüÚõ 6 - ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ 9√6 ±É¢ø, «ó¾ ¦ÀÕìÌò
«¾üÌ Óó¨¾Â ¬ñÎ §ºÁ¢ìÌõ ¦¾¡¨¸¨Â Å¢¼ å. 100 ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º¨Âì ¸¡ñ¸.
«¾¢¸õ ±ýÀ¾¡ø, 𝑑 = 100
¾£÷×:-
§ÁÖõ, 𝑛 = 10 WKT, 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1
¾Ã×, 𝑡2 = √6 ÁüÚõ 𝑡6 = 9√6
𝑛
𝐖𝐊𝐓, 𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑] ⟹ 𝑎𝑟 = √6  (1) ⟹ 𝑎𝑟 5 = 9√6  (2)
2
(2) 𝑎𝑟 5 9√6
¾Ã×, 10 ¬ñÎ¸Ç¢ø §ºÁ¢ò¾ ¦¾¡¨¸ = 16500 ∶ =
(1) 𝑎𝑟 √6
𝑆10 = 16500 𝑟4 = 9
𝑟4 = 3 x 3
10
[2𝑎 + 9𝑑] = 16500 𝑟 4 = √3 x √3 x √3 x √3
2 4
𝑟 4 = (√3)
5[2𝑎 + 9(100)] = 16500
∴ 𝑟 = √3
5[2𝑎 + 900] = 16500 𝑟 = √3 þý Á¾¢ô¨À ºÁýÀ¡Î (1) þø À¢Ã¾¢Â¢¼,
𝑎 √3 = √6
5 x 2 [𝑎 + 450] = 16500
√6 √2 x 3 √2 x √3
𝑎 = = = = √2
10 [𝑎 + 450] = 16500 √3 √3 √3
∴ 𝑎 = √2
16500
𝑎 + 450 =
10
¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼÷ ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý ¦À¡Ð ÅÊÅõ : 𝑎, 𝑎𝑟, 𝑎𝑟 2 , … WKT, 𝑛 – ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ, 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1
∙ §¾¨ÅÂ¡É ¦ÀÕìÌò¦¾¡¼Ã¢ÅÃ¢¨º :
∙ 3 ¬ñÎ¸ÙìÌô À¢ÈÌ Å¡¸Éò¾¢ý Á¾¢ôÒ,
2
√2, √2√3, √2(√3) , … 𝑡3 = (38250) (0.85)3−1
√2, √2 x 3, √2(3), … = (38250) x (0.85)2
√2, √6, 3√2, … = (38250) x 0.7225
10) ´Õ Å¡¸Éò¾¢ý Á¾¢ôÒ ´ù§Å¡÷ 15% ¬ñÎõ = 27635.625

Ì¨È¸¢ÈÐ. Å¡¸Éò¾¢ý ¾ü§À¡¨¾Â Á¾¢ôÒ å. 45,000
= 27636 å.
±É¢ø, 3 ¬ñÎ¸ÙìÌô À¢ÈÌ Å¡¸Éò¾¢ý Á¾¢ôÒ
±ýÉ? ´Õ Á¾¢ô¦Àñ Å¢É¡ì¸û
ÀÂ¢üº¢ - 2.10
¾£÷×:-
¾Ã×, = å. 45000
Å¡¸Éò¾¢ý ¾ü§À¡¨¾Â Á¾¢ôÒ 1) äìÇ¢Êý ÅÌò¾ø Ð¨½ò §¾üÈò¾¢ý ÀÊ, 𝑎 ÁüÚõ 𝑏
±ýÈ Á¢¨¸ ÓØì¸ÙìÌ, ¾É¢ò¾ Á¢¨¸ ÓØì¸û 𝑞 ÁüÚõ
¬ñÎ§¾¡Úõ Å¡¸Éò¾¢ý Ì¨ÈÔõ Á¾¢ôÒ = 15%
𝑟 , 𝑎 = 𝑏𝑞 + 𝑟 ±ýÈÅ¡Ú «¨ÁÔÁ¡É¡ø, þíÌ 𝑟 ¬ÉÐ,
þÃñ¼¡õ ÅÕ¼ ÐÅì¸ò¾¢ø þÃñ¼¡õ ÅÕ¼ ÓÊÅ¢ø (1) 1 < 𝑟 < 𝑏 (2) 0 < 𝑟 < 𝑏
Å¡¸Éò¾¢ý Á¾¢ôÒ, °¾¢Âõ, (3) 0 ≤ 𝑟 < 𝑏 (4) 0 < 𝑟 ≤ 𝑏
¾£÷×:-
𝑡1 = 45000 − 45000 x 15% 𝑡2 = 38250 − 38250 x 15%
äìÇ¢Êý ÅÌò¾ø Ð¨½ò§¾üÈò¾¢ý ÀÊ,
15 15 𝑎 = 𝑏𝑞 + 𝑟, 0 ≤ 𝑟 < 𝑏
= 45000 − 45000 x = 38250 − 38250 x
100 100
Å¢¨¼: (3) 𝟎 ≤ 𝒓 < 𝒃
= 45000 − 6750 = 38250 − 5737.50
= 38250 = 32515.50
2) äìÇ¢Êý ÅÌò¾ø Ð¨½ò §¾üÈò¨¾ô ÀÂýÀÎò¾¢, ±ó¾
þíÌ, 𝑎 = 38250 ÁüÚõ Á¢¨¸ ÓØÅ¢ý ¸Éò¨¾Ôõ 9 ¬ø ÅÌìÌõ §À¡Ð
¸¢¨¼ìÌõ Á£¾¢¸û
𝑡2 32515.50 325155 65031 21677 (1) 0, 1, 8 (2) 1, 4, 8 (3) 0, 1, 3 (4) 1, 3, 5
𝑟= = = = = = 0.85
𝑡1 38250 382500 76500 25500 ¾£÷×:-
𝑥 ±ýÀÐ Á¢¨¸ ÓØ ±ý¸. «¾¡ÅÐ, 𝑥 = 1, 2, 3, … 𝑚=2

𝑥 3 = 𝑦 (மட்டு 9)
𝑥 = 1 ±É¢ø, 𝑦 = 1 [«¾¡ÅÐ, 13 = 1 ≡ 1 (மட்டு 9)] Å¢¨¼: (2) 𝟐
𝑥 = 2 ±É¢ø, 𝑦 = 8 [«¾¡ÅÐ, 23 = 8 ≡ 8 (மட்டு 9)] 4) 1729 - ³ À¸¡ì ¸¡Ã½¢ôÀÎòÐõ §À¡Ð, «ó¾ô À¸¡
𝑥 = 3 ±É¢ø, 𝑦 = 0 [«¾¡ÅÐ, 33 = 27 ≡ 0 (மட்டு 9)] ±ñ¸Ç¢ý «ÎìÌ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø
𝑥 = 4 ±É¢ø, 𝑦 = 1 [«¾¡ÅÐ, 43 = 64 ≡ 1 (மட்டு 9)] (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4
𝑥 = 5 ±É¢ø, 𝑦 = 0 [«¾¡ÅÐ, 53 = 125 ≡ 8 (மட்டு 9)] ¾£÷×:-
…
1729 = 7 x 13 x 19
…
… = 71 x 131 x 191
±É§Å, Á£¾¢ = 0, 1, 8 À¸¡ì¸¡Ã½¢¸Ç¢ý «Îì¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø,
Å¢¨¼: (1) 0, 1, 8
=1+1+1= 3
3) 65ÁüÚõ 117 – Â¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Å-¨Å 65𝑚 − 117 ±ýÈ Å¢¨¼: (3) 3
ÅÊÅ¢ø ±ØÐõ §À¡Ð, 𝑚 -Â¢ý Á¾¢ôÒ 5) 1 Ó¾ø 10 Å¨ÃÔûÇ (þÃñÎ ±ñ¸Ùõ ¯ðÀ¼)
(1) 4 (2) 2 (3) 1 (4) 3 «¨ÉòÐ ±ñ¸Ç¡Öõ ÅÌÀÎõ Á¢¸îº¢È¢Â ±ñ
¾£÷×:-
(1) 2025 (2) 5220 (3) 5025 (4) 2520
117 = 65(1) + 52 , Á£¾¢ = 52 ≠ 0 ¾£÷×:-

65 = 52(1) + 13 , Á£¾¢ = 13 ≠ 0 1 Ó¾ø 10 Å¨ÃÔûÇ (þÃñÎ ±ñ¸Ùõ ¯ðÀ¼)
52 = 13(4) + 0 «¨ÉòÐ ±ñ¸Ç¡Öõ ÅÌÀÎõ Á¢¸îº¢È¢Â ±ñ½¡ÉÐ, 1
Ó¾ø 10 Å¨ÃÔûÇ ±ñ¸Ç¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Á ¬Ìõ.
þíÌ Á£¾¢ =0
∙ Á£.¦À¡.Á
±É§Å, 65 ÁüÚõ 117 – Â¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Å = 13
= 23 x 32 x 5 x 7
¾Ã×, 65𝑚 − 117 = 13
= 8 x 9 x 35
65𝑚 = 13 + 117
= 72 x 35
65𝑚 = 130
= 2520
130
𝑚= ∙ Á¢¸î º¢È¢Â ±ñ = 2520
65
Å¢¨¼: (4) 2520
6) 74𝑘 ≡ _______ (மட்டு 100) 𝑡𝑛 = 1 + (𝑛 − 1)(4)

(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4 𝑡𝑛 = 1 + 4𝑛 − 4
¾£÷×:- 𝑡𝑛 = 4𝑛 − 3
𝑡𝑛 + 3 = 4𝑛
74 = 2401 𝑡𝑛 + 3 ¬ÉÐ 4 þý Á¼í¸¡Ìõ.
2401 ≡ 1 (மட்டு 100) þíÌ, 𝑡𝑛 + 3 = 7881 + 3 = 7884 ¬ÉÐ 4 þý Á¼í¸¡Ìõ.
74 ≡ 1 (மட்டு 100) Å¢¨¼: (3) 7881
(74 )𝑘 ≡ 1𝑘 (மட்டு 100)
74𝑘 ≡ 1 (மட்டு 100) 9) ´Õ ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý 6 -ÅÐ ¯ÚôÀ¢ý 6 Á¼íÌõ
Å¢¨¼: (1) 1 7 -ÅÐ ¯ÚôÀ¢ý 7 Á¼íÌõ ºÁõ ±É¢ø, «ìÜðÎò
¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý 13 - ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ
7) 𝐹1 = 1, 𝐹2 = 3 ÁüÚõ 𝐹𝑛 = 𝐹𝑛−1 + 𝐹𝑛−2 ±Éì ¦¸¡Îì¸ôÀÊý
(1) 0 (2) 6 (3) 7 (4) 13
𝐹5 ¬ÉÐ
(1) 3 (2) 5 (3) 8 (4) 11 ¾£÷×:-
¾£÷×:- WKT, 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑

¾Ã×, 6𝑡6 = 7𝑡7
¾Ã×, 𝐹1 = 1
6(𝑎 + 5𝑑) = 7(𝑎 + 6𝑑)
𝐹2 = 3 ÁüÚõ
6𝑎 + 30𝑑 = 7𝑎 + 42𝑑
𝐹𝑛 = 𝐹𝑛−1 + 𝐹𝑛−2
6𝑎 − 7𝑎 + 30𝑑 − 42𝑑 = 0
𝐹3 = 𝐹3−1 + 𝐹3−2 = 𝐹2 + 𝐹1 = 3 + 1 = 4
−𝑎 − 12𝑑 = 0
𝐹4 = 𝐹4−1 + 𝐹4−2 = 𝐹3 + 𝐹2 = 4 + 3 = 7
−1(𝑎 + 12𝑑) = 0
𝐹5 = 𝐹5−1 + 𝐹5−2 = 𝐹4 + 𝐹3 = 7 + 4 = 11
𝑎 + 12𝑑 = 0
Å¢¨¼: (4) 11
𝑡13 = 0
8) ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ 1 ÁüÚõ ¦À¡Ð ∙ ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý 13 - ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ = 0
Å¢ò¾¢Â¡ºõ 4 ±É¢ø, À¢ýÅÕõ ±ñ¸Ç¢ø ±Ð þó¾ì Å¢¨¼: (1) 0
ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø «¨ÁÔõ?
(1) 4551 (2) 10091 (3) 7881 (4) 13531 10) ´Õ ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø 31 ¯ÚôÒ¸û ¯ûÇÉ.
«¾ý 16-ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ m ±É¢ø, «ó¾ì ÜðÎò
¾£÷×:- ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø ¯ûÇ ±øÄ¡ ¯ÚôÒ¸Ç¢ý ÜÎ¾ø
31
¾Ã×, (1) 16m (2) 62m (3) 31m (4) 𝑚
2
Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ, 𝑎 = 1 ¾£÷×:-
¦À¡Ð Å¢ò¾¢Â¡ºõ, 𝑑 =4
WKT, 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
WKT, 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
¾Ã×, 𝑛 = 31 ÁüÚõ 𝑡16 = 𝑚 120 = 𝑛[2𝑛 − 1]

120 = 2𝑛2 − 𝑛 −240 −1
⟹ 𝑎 + 15𝑑 = 𝑚
2𝑛2 − 𝑛 − 120 = 0
𝑛 (𝑛 − 8)(2𝑛 + 15) = 0 −16 +15
WKT, 𝑆𝑛 = 2 [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2𝑛 2𝑛
31
∙ 𝑆31 = [2𝑎 + (31 − 1)𝑑] 𝑛 − 8 = 0 «øÄÐ 2𝑛 + 15 = 0
2
−15
31 𝑛=8 𝑛= 2
= [2𝑎 + 30𝑑]
2 þíÌ 𝑛 ±ýÀÐ ´Õ Á¢¨¸ ±ñ ±ýÀ¾¡ø, 𝑛 = 8
31 x 2 ±É§Å, ¾ÃôÀðÎûÇ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø 8
= [𝑎 + 15𝑑] ¯ÚôÒ¸¨Çì ÜðÊÉ¡ø ÜÎ¾ø 120 ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ.
2
Å¢¨¼: (3) 𝟖
= 31 x (𝑎 + 15𝑑)
12) 𝐴 = 265 ÁüÚõ 𝐵 = 264 + 263 + 262 + … + 20
±Éì
𝑆31 = 31𝑚 ¦¸¡Îì¸ôÀðÎûÇÐ. À¢ýÅÕÅÉÅüÈ¢ø ±Ð ¯ñ¨Á?
(1) B ¬ÉÐ A ³ Å¢¼ 264 «¾¢¸õ
Å¢¨¼: (3) 31𝑚
(2) A ÁüÚõ B ºÁõ
11) ´Õ ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ø Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ 1 ÁüÚõ (3) B ¬ÉÐ A -³ Å¢¼ 1 «¾¢¸õ
¦À¡Ð Å¢ò¾¢Â¡ºõ 4. þó¾ì ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý (4) A ¬ÉÐ B -³ Å¢¼ 1 «¾¢¸õ
±ò¾¨É ¯ÚôÒ¸¨Çì ÜðÊÉ¡ø «¾ý ÜÎ¾ø 120 ¾£÷×:-
¸¢¨¼ìÌõ?
(1) 6 (2) 7 (3) 8 (4) 9 ¾Ã×, 𝐴 = 265 ÁüÚõ 𝐵 = 264 + 263 + 262 + … + 20
263 1
¾£÷×:- 𝐵 − Ä¢ÕóÐ, 𝑎 = 264 , 𝑟 = 264 = 2 , 𝑛 = 65
𝑎(1−𝑟 𝑛 )
þíÌ, 𝑎=1 WKT, 𝑆𝑛 = 1−𝑟
d=4 1 65
264 [1−( ) ]
2
𝑆𝑛 = 120 ∙ 𝑆65 = 1
1−
2
𝑛
WKT, 𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑] 1 65
2 264 [1 − (2) ]
𝑛 =
120 = [2(1) + (𝑛 − 1)(4)] 2−1
2 2
𝑛x2
120 = [1 + 2𝑛 − 2]
2
1 1
264 [1 − 265 ] 𝑡4 18 1 12 2
= 1
= 1 = x =
𝑡3 18 1 3
2 12
1 2 1
2 265 − 1
64 ∙ «Îò¾ ¯ÚôÒ = 18 x = 27
= 2 x [ 65 ] 3
1 2 Å¢¨¼: (2) 𝟐𝟕
𝟏
64
265 − 1
1 14) 𝑡1 , 𝑡2 , 𝑡3 , … ±ýÀÐ ´Õ ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º ±É¢ø,
=2 x 2 [ 65 ]
2 𝑡6 , 𝑡12 , 𝑡18 , … ±ýÀÐ
(1) ´Õ ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º
265 − 1 (2) ´Õ ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º
= 265 [ 65 ] (3) ´Õ ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÔÁøÄ,
2 ¦ÀÕìÌò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÔÁøÄ
(4) ´Õ Á¡È¢Ä¢ò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º
= 265 − 1 ¾£÷×:-
∙ A ¬ÉÐ B -³ Å¢¼ 1 «¾¢¸õ. WKT, 𝑡1 , 𝑡2 , 𝑡3 , … ±ýÀÐ ´Õ ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º ±É¢ø,

Å¢¨¼: (4) A ¬ÉÐ B -³ Å¢¼ 1 «¾¢¸õ 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
13)
3 1 1 1
, , , , … ±ýÈ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý «Îò¾ ¯ÚôÒ 𝑡12 − 𝑡6 = (𝑎 + 11𝑑) − (𝑎 + 5𝑑) = 𝑎 + 11𝑑 − 𝑎 − 5𝑑 = 6𝑑
16 8 12 18
1 1 2 1
(1) 24 (2) 27 (3) 3 (4) 81 𝑡18 − 𝑡12 = (𝑎 + 17𝑑) − (𝑎 + 11𝑑) = 𝑎 + 17𝑑 − 𝑎 − 11𝑑 = 6𝑑
¾£÷×:-
∙ 𝑡6 , 𝑡12 , 𝑡18 , … ±ýÀÐ ´Õ ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º.
3 1 1 1
¾Ã×, , , , ,… Å¢¨¼: (2) ´Õ ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º
16 8 12 18
1 15) (13 + 23 + 33 + … + 153 ) − (1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 15) – Â¢ý

𝑡2 8 1 16 2 Á¾¢ôÒ
= 3 = x =
𝑡1 8 3 3 (1) 14400 (2) 14200 (3) 14280 (4) 14520
16
¾£÷×:-
1
𝑡3 12 1 8 2 WKT,
= 1 = x =
𝑡2 12 1 3 𝑛(𝑛+1)
8 1) 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 𝑛 = 2
𝑛(𝑛+1) 2
2) 13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ + 𝑛3 = ( )
2
P SENTHIL KUMAR
∙ (13 + 23 + 33 + … + 153 ) − (1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 15) =
B.T.Assistant.,(Maths)
15 x 16 2 15 x 16 Govt. Hr Sec School,
=[ ] − Panaiyur-626129,
2 2
Virudhunagar District.
= (15 x 8)2 − 15 x 8 Cell : 9944277834
= (120)2 − 120 A.SUBBARAJ

B.T.Assistant.,(Maths)
= 14400 − 120 Govt. High School,
Irunchirai-626612,
= 14280
Virudhunagar District.
Å¢¨¼: (3) 𝟏𝟒𝟐𝟖𝟎 Cell : 9965771582, 7667525152

2.numbers and Sequences

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A.SUBBARAJ P SENTHIL KUMAR

Mail id: mathsmasters.vnr@gmail.com

«ÄÌ – 2 : ±ñ¸Ùõ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º¸Ùõ Óý§ÉüÈî §º¡¾¨É:-

´Õ Á¢¨¸ ÓØ¨Å 𝟑 ¬ø ÅÌìÌõ §À¡Ð 𝑎 , 𝑏 ±ýÈ þÕ Á¢¨¸ ÓØì¸Ç¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Å ³ (𝑎 , 𝑏)

Óý§ÉüÈî §º¡¾¨É:- ±.¸¡ : 2.2 À¢ýÅÕõ ´ù¦Å¡ýÈ¢Öõ 𝑎 – ¨Â 𝑏 ¬ø ÅÌìÌõ

þó¾ Á£ô¦ÀÕ ¦À¡Ð ÅÌò¾¢§Â 𝑎 , 𝑏 ÁüÚõ 𝑐 ¬¸¢Â (iii) 𝑎 = −19, 𝑏 = −4

¦ÀðÊÂ¢Öõ 5 §¸ìÌ¸û ÁðÎ§Á ¨Åì¸ þÂÖ¦ÁÉ¢ø

ÅÌò¾¢¨Â 55𝑥 − 325 ±ýÈ ÅÊÅ¢ø ±Ø¾¢É¡ø, 𝑥 -Â¢ý ¾£÷×:-

108 = 72 x 1 + 36 ; Á£¾¢ = 36 ≠ 0 𝑞 = 2 ±É¢ø, 𝑎 = 3(2) + 2 = 6 + 2 = 8

∙ 396, 504 ÁüÚõ 636 þý Á£.¦À¡.Å = 12 ∙ ÓØ¨Á ¦ÀÚõ ÅÃ¢¨º¸û = 25

⟹ 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 = (2𝑘)2 + 2𝑘 ⟹ 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 = (2𝑘 + 1)2 + 2𝑘 + 1 5) ±ó¾ Á¢¨¸ ÓØÅ¢ý Å÷ì¸ò¨¾Ôõ ¬ø ÅÌìÌõ

¬¸§Å, 90 ÁüÚõ 84 – Â¢ý Á£.¦À¡.Å = 6.

«ÊôÀ¨¼ ±ñ½¢Âø §¾üÈõ  𝑎𝑏 ³ 𝑛 ±ýÈ ÀÌ ±ñ ÅÌìÌõ ±É¢ø, 𝑛 ¬ÉÐ 𝑎

Å¢¨¼:- ´Õ ÅÆ¢ ¬¸§Å, §¾¨ÅÂ¡É ±ñ¸û,

±.¸¡ : 2.8 6𝑛 , 𝑛 µ÷ þÂø ±ñ ±ýÈ ÅÊÅ¢ø «¨ÁÔõ ¾Ã×, 𝑎𝑏 x 𝑏 𝑎 = 800

𝑎𝑏 x 𝑏 𝑎 = 800 ±ýÈÅ¡Ú «¨ÁÔõ þÕ Á¢¨¸

∙ 𝑚 þý ±ó¾ Á¾¢ôÀ¢üÌõ 2𝑛 x 5𝑚 ±ýÈ ±ñ ¬ÉÐ 5 ±ýÈ

6) «ÊôÀ¨¼ ±ñ½¢Âø §¾üÈò¨¾ô ÀÂýÀÎò¾¢ 408 ∙ 24, 15 ÁüÚõ 36 þý Á£.¦À¡.Á =

∙ 24, 15, 36 ¬¸¢Â ±ñ¸Ç¡ø Á£¾¢Â¢ýÈ¢

9) Ó¾ø 10 þÂø ±ñ¸Ç¡ø Á£¾¢Â¢ýÈ¢ ÅÌÀ¼ìÜÊÂ ÌÈ¢ôÒ:-

= 23 x 32 x 5 x 7 ±Ø¾ §ÅñÎÁ¡É¡ø «ùÅ¢Õ ±ñ¸¨ÇÔõ 𝑚 ¬ø

∙ Á¢¸î º¢È¢Â ±ñ = 2520 º¢ó¾¨Éì¸Çõ:-

Å¢¨¼:- þíÌ, 𝑑 ¬ÉÐ 12 - ³ ÅÌìÌõ.

(iv) 4 ²¦ÉÉ¢ø Á£¾¢ 3 ÅóÐûÇÐ.

±.¸¡ : 2.12 15 ≡ 3 (ேட்டு 𝑑) ±ýÈÅ¡Ú «¨ÁÔõ 𝑑 –þý 8𝑥 ≡ 1 (ேட்டு 11)

11(13)+1 143+1 144 ±.¸¡ : 2.17 ´ÕÅ÷ ¦ºý¨ÉÂ¢Ä¢ÕóÐ ¦¼øÄ¢ìÌî ¦ºøÄ

𝐖𝐊𝐓, 100 ≡ 5 (ேட்டு 19)

þýÚ ¾¢í¸û ¸¢Æ¨Á. ±É§Å ¾¢í¸Ç¢ý ±ñ 1. 89 − (𝑥 + 3) = 4𝑛 , þíÌ 𝑛 ±ýÀÐ ²§¾Ûõ ´Õ ÓØ.

75 ¿¡ð¸ÙìÌô À¢ÈÌ ¸¢Æ¨Á 89 − 𝑥 − 3 = 4𝑛

±É§Å, 𝑥 þý Ì¨Èó¾Àðº Á¾¢ôÒ = 2 ¬Ìõ. 4) ¾£÷ì¸: 3𝑥 − 2 ≡ 0 (ேட்டு 11)

7) þýÚ ¦ºùÅ¡ö ¸¢Æ¨Á, ±ýÛ¨¼Â Á¡Á¡ 45 92 ≡ 18 (ேட்டு 7)

281 − 2 = 17𝑘 , 𝑘 ±ýÀÐ ´Õ Á¢¨¸ ÓØ.

Å¢¨¼:- 𝑎7 = −10 − 3 = −13

ÁüÚõ − ±Éì ÌÈ¢¸û Á¡È¢ Á¡È¢ ÅóÐûÇÉ.

ÀÂ¢üº¢ - 2.4 5 5+1 6 6

5−4=1 , 1 − 4 = −3 , −3 − 4 = −7 ∙ Ó¾ø ¿¡ýÌ ¯ÚôÒ¸û : −1, 6, 25, 62

3) ¸£§Æ ¦¸¡Îì¸ôÀðÎûÇ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º¸Ç¢ý 𝑛 – ÅÐ 4) ¸£úì¸ñ¼ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º¸û ´ù¦Å¡ýÈ¢Öõ 𝑛–ÅÐ

152 225 225 1, 4, 7, 10, …

¬Ìõ. þíÌ, 𝑎 = Ó¾ø ¯ÚôÒ , 𝑑 = ¦À¡Ð Å¢ò¾¢Â¡ºõ Å¢¨¼:- 𝟐𝒅

 𝑎 ,𝑏 , 𝑐 ±ýÈ ãýÈ âîº¢ÂÁüÈ ±ñ¸û 𝑡2 − 𝑡1 = 4 − 2 = 2

±É§Å, ¾ÃôÀðÎûÇÐ µ÷ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º. 20, 20 + 8, 20 + 2(8), 20 + 3(8), …

(ii) 2, 4, 8, 16, … 20, 28, 20 + 16, 20 + 24 , …

3, 15, 27, 29, … ±ýÈ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý 15 –ÅÐ, 24 -

= 171 = 279 ±.¸¡ : 2.27 ´Õ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¢ý 7 –ÅÐ ¯ÚôÒ −1

= 12𝑛 − 9 ⟹ 𝑎 + 6𝑑 = −1 → (1) ÁüÚõ 𝑎 + 15𝑑 = 17 → (2)

(1) − (2) : 6𝑑 − 15𝑑 = −1 − 17

= 𝑑(𝑙𝑛 − 𝑚𝑛 + 𝑙𝑚 − 𝑙𝑛 + 𝑚𝑛 − 𝑙𝑚) +6𝑎𝑑 = 276

20𝑑2 = 276 − 196

28 (i) 𝑎=7 ÁüÚõ 𝑑=2 ±É¢ø §¾¨ÅÂ¡É ¿¡ýÌ

𝑎2 + 9𝑑 2 − 6𝑎𝑑 + 𝑎2 + 𝑑 2 − 2𝑎𝑑 + 𝑎2 + 𝑑 2 + 2𝑎𝑑 + 𝑎2 + 9𝑑 2

±.¸¡ : 2.30 ´Õ ¾¡ö ¾ýÉ¢¼õ ¯ûÇ å.207 ³ ÜðÎò¦¾¡¼÷ −138

3𝑎 = 207 1) À¢ýÅÕõ ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º¸û ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨ºÂ¡,

(𝑎 − 𝑑)𝑎 = 4623 (i) ¾Ã×, 𝑡1 = 𝑎 − 3, 𝑡2 = 𝑎 − 5, 𝑡3 = 𝑎 − 7, …

3 3 1 3 1 𝑑 = −15— (−11) = −15 + 11 = −4

𝑡2 = 4 − 7(2) = 4 − 14 = −10 6) 9, 15, 21, 27, … , 183

þíÌ, 𝑎 = −11 183 − 9

174 9𝑎 − 15𝑎 + 72𝑑 − 210𝑑 = 0

= 9 + 84 = 9 + 90 ¦¾¡¼÷îº¢Â¡É ãýÚ ¯ÚôÒ¸û ±É¢ø, 2𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑐.

¾Ã×, 𝑥, 10, 𝑦, 24, 𝑧 ±ýÀ¨Å ´Õ ÜðÎò ¦¾¡¼÷ÅÃ¢¨º. = 20 + 58

(i) 𝑎 = 9 ÁüÚõ 𝑑 = 7 ±Ûõ §À¡Ð 13) ´Õ ÌÇ¢÷¸¡Äò¾¢ø ¾¢í¸û¸¢Æ¨Á Ó¾ø ¦ÅûÇ¢ì¸¢Æ¨Á

¦ÅôÀ¿¢¨Ä¸û, 𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑, 𝑎 + 2𝑑, 𝑎 + 3𝑑, 𝑎 + 4𝑑 = 30 + 1

Å¢¨¼:- ÓÊ×Ú ¦¾¡¼÷ þíÌ, 𝑎 = 1 , 𝑙 = 2𝑛 − 1