Lab No.

BAHRIA UNIVERSITY KARACHI CAMPUS

Department of Electrical Engineering

Power System Protection

LAB EXPERIMENT # 8

Short Circuit Protection of a transmission line using definite

time overcurrent relay
OBJECTIVE:
 Demonstrating the protection of a transmission line connected in a solid earthed network,
when there is a three-phase, two-phase, or single-phase short-circuits.

EQUIPMENT:

 IT-6004 Resistive load

 IT-6003 Three-phase transformer
 IT-6017 Three-phase power supply unit
 IT-6019 Power circuit breaker
 IT-6027 Definite time overcurrent relay
 IT-6035 Moving coil ammeter

THEORY:
Protective systems have to be used, which give the next-closest power circuit breaker the command
to open when a fault arises. For historical reasons these power engineering protective systems are
referred to as relays, even though they are equipped today exclusively with electronic components.
In accordance with the electrical power system, only protective systems for networks of medium,
high and extra-high voltage levels are to be considered in the following. On these voltage levels there
exist certain network forms, which from a technical and economic point of view demonstrate the
optimum structure in terms of supply safety. In addition, various possibilities for neutral point
connection exist for the voltage levels under consideration. The manner in which the protection
system is selected depends on the network form and the type of neutral point connection.

In the experiment literature (Protective relays) the procedures most commonly used in protective
technology are introduced and the most frequently used relays are investigated. Currents and voltages

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 Lab No. 8

must first be transformed down to a low level by an instrument transformer, before they can be
processed in the relay. For network protection various transformer circuits have been proven
themselves. These are described in the experiment literature (Instrument transformers).
Since the transmission line models used here work with currents having a magnitude in the order of
1A, we are able to dispense with the use of current transformers. This leads to a clear and straight-
forward experiment set-up, while still maintaining its realism. The relay types used here (definite
time overcurrent relays, directional relays, earth fault warming relays, over/under voltage relays)
constitute standard equipment in the area of medium and high-voltage networks. The manner in
which these relays operate can likewise be demonstrated using the transmission line models used in
the electrical power program.

PROCEDURE AND OBSERVATION:

 Assemble the circuit in accordance with the foregoing topographic diagram.

 Set primary-side of three-phase transformer in delta connection 380 V and using bridging
plugs set the secondary-side to star UN -10%.
 Insert all bridging plugs connecting the capacitances to line model.
 The following settings are to be carried out at the three individual relays:

Delay timer TC = 10 s.
Operation time T1 = 3 s.
Over-current tripping value A = 0.5 A.

The setting must be made very carefully so that all three phases have identical values.
Before starting the experiment supply the relay and the power circuit breaker by means of the
auxiliary supply.
Set the three-phase balanced resistive load to R1 (standard operating condition).
Set the supply voltage to UN = 220 V switching on the power circuit breaker: the load condition R1
plays no role when demonstrating the relay's protective effect.
Measure the phase current I1 =……. A, I2 =……. A, I3 =……. A.
Switch off the supply voltage.
In the following every short-circuit condition is simulated by an overcurrent in any given phase.
Before switching on the supply voltage, the specified fault is to be implemented in order to test the
response of the relay

Short circuiting of all three phases

Set the three-phase balanced resistive load to R6 value.
Set again the supply voltage to UN = 220 V switching on the power circuit breaker.
Measure the phase current I1 =……. A, I2 =……. A, I3 =……. A.
The LEDs of all three-phases light up indicating overcurrent and the relay interrupts the circuit after
the set command time elapses.

Short-circuiting of two phases

Set the resistive load of phases L1 and L2 to R6 value and of phase L3 to R2 standard condition.
Set again the supply voltage to UN = 220 V switching on the power circuit breaker.
Measure the phase current I1 =……. A, I2 =……. A, I3 =……. A.

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 Lab No. 8

The LEDs of phase 1 and phase 2 light up indicating overcurrent and the relay interrupts the circuit
after the set command time elapses.

Short circuit ground

Set the resistive load of phases L1 to R7 value and of phase L2 and L3 to R2 standard condition.
Set again the supply voltage to UN = 220 V switching on the power circuit breaker.
Measure the phase current I1 =……. A, I2 =……. A, I3 =……. A.
The LEDs of phase 1 light up indicating overcurrent and the relay interrupts the circuit after the set
command time elapses.

CONNECTION DIAGRAM:

Figure 8.1– Connections of a Short Circuit Protection relay

CONCLUSION:

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