Principles OF

MANAGEMENT . _ .

Principles of management are broad

and
general guidelines for decision-making
and behaviour of
managers .

FEATURES :

The principles of
management GENERAL
are
guidelines to action but do
GUIDELINES
not provide readymade solutions to all
managerial
problems

The principles of
UNIVERSAL management
APPLICABILITY are
applicable to all
types of
organisations ,
business
,
non -

business .
 The principles of management
are not
rigid prescriptions ,
FLEXIBLE
which have be followed
to
absolutely -

is
The principles of management
CONTINGENT contingent or
dependent upon the

prevailing situation at a particular

point of time .

Principles of
management are

behavioral in nature ,
as
they BEHAVIORAL
97m at
influencing behavior

of human
beings .

CAUSE AND EFFECT

The principles of management
establishes cause relationship
RELATIONSHIP and effect that
they
so can

be used in similar situations in a

large number

of cases .

Management principles are

FORMED BY
formed on the basis of : PRACTICE AND
EXPERIMENTATION
a) Observation and
experimentation .

b) Personal experience and collective wisdom of

managers .
 SIGNIFICANCE .

[
Provide
managers optimum
with utilisation of resources
useful insights
and effective
into
reality .

administration .

,
a.enteric
, a. "
ngsaia
thoughtful Decisions responsibility
-

Meeting changing Management

environment training education
,

and research
requirements .
.
?⃝
 Cgtn
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT '

Scientific
management means
knowing
and
you want to do
exactly what men

seeing that it in the best &

they
do

cheapest
way
.

SCIENCE , NOT RULE OF THUMB

•
Taylor believed that best
there was
only one

method to maximise
efficiency .

This method

can be developed
through scientific
study
and
analysis of each element of a
job .

•
This can result in tremendous

human
sailing of

efforts , time and mate rifts .

 HARMONY , NOT DISCORD

• There
always exists , the possibility of a kind

OF class Conflict, the versus workers

managers
-

• Taylor called the complete

'
Mental Revolution on
'

the
part of both
management and workers .

•
Mental Revolution involves in the
a
change
attitude of workers and
management towards one

another from cooperation

competition to .

COOPERATION NOT
INDIVIDUALISM .

The principle is extension

"
not
• an
of Harmony
Management instead of individualism .

Competition
should be
replaced by cooperation .

Both should realise that need each other

•
they .

There should be an almost equal division of work

and
responsibility between workers and

management .
 DEVELOPMENT OF EACH AND

EVERY PERSON TO His / HER GREATEST

EFFICIENCY ANP PROSPERITY .

• Each person should be

scientifically selected .

Then , work
assigned should suit his/her physical,
mental and intellectual capabilities .

•
To increase their
efficiency they , should be
given the
required
training " earn "
to the best
"
method .

TECHNIQUES OF
Scientific MANAGEMENT -

i
FUNCTIONAL FOREMAN SHIP

Functional Foreman ship is a technique which

at
aims to improve the
quality of supervision
identified
the shop floor level of
factory ; Taylor a

list of qualities of a good foreman .

 FACTORY
MANAGER

PLANNING PRODUCTION
IN CHARGE IN CHARGE
Route
Instruction Clerk
Clerk Time & Repair
Cost Clerk Speed Boss

Boss
Gang
Disciplinarian Boss

Inspectors

STANDARDISATION
jj AND
SIMPLIFICATION OF WORK

• standardisation of work refers to the process

of
setting standards for
every
business activity .

•
simplification of work aims at
eliminating
superfluous vanities sizes and
, dimensions of
Products .
 iii WORK STUDY TECHNIQUES .

To find out the best

METHOD way of
doing
STUDY the work .

To
study the movements like
lifting ,
motion
sitting etc which are undertaken STUDY
while
doing a defined job .

FATIGUE Fatigue study seeks to

STUDY determine the amount and

frequency of rest intervals in

completing a task .

To determine TIME
a standard
time taken STUDY
by a worker of reasonable
skill and
efficiency to
perform a well -

defined job .

iv DIFFERENTIAL PIECE
WAGE SYSTEM -

Differential Piece is technique

Wage System a

which differentiates between efficient and less

efficient workers on the basis of the difference
between their actual and standard performance .
 FAYOL 'S PRINCIPLE OF

MANAGEMENT . .

§gÑii0F
Work is divided into small

tasks / iobs .

A trained specialist
WORK who is
competent is required to
perform each iob .

Authority is the
right to give
orders

of
and obtain

Responsibility
authority
is

.
the
obedience

corollary
.

-RiT AND
RESPONSIBILITY

ipw to
Discipline is

employee merit agreement

organisational
the obedience

rules

which are
and

necessary for the

working of it .

f
The principle states that each
Participant informal
organisation
should receive orders from
COMMAND
and be
a
responsible to only one
superior .
 C)
Each
group of activities having
UNITY Of
the same objective must
have
DIRECTION
one head and one plan .

piNANf
The interests of an
organisation
should take
priority over the
INTEREST
interests of INDIVIDUAL
any one
individual TO GENERAL INTEREST
employee
according to
Fayol .

R mÑ N
The
overall and
pay compensation
should be fair
to both
Of employees
and the
EMPLOYEES organisation Remuneration
.

should be just
and
equitable .

A"ˢA"°N
The
concentration of
decision
making authority
-

called is AND
centralization
whereas its dispersion among DECENTRALISATION
more than one
person is
decentralisation .
?⃝
?⃝
 g)
rganisations should have
SCALAR a chain of
authority that runs
CHAIN from top to bottom and should
be followed
by managers and
the subordinates
The

WARDER
.

principle
' '
of order
states that
a
place for
everything and everyone
in its ( his / her)
place .

Essentially
means
orderliness .

_
The principle emphasises

kindliness and justice in the

behavior of managers towards

workers

{gÑAB
.

Employee turnover should be

OF
minimised maintain PERSONNEL
organizational
efficiency .

Personnel should be selected and appointed

due and
after rigorous procedure

Niall
.

Initiative means taking the first step

with self motivation It is
thinking
-
.

out and the plan .

 EsDE(oRps
Management should promote a

team spirit of
unity and

harmony among employees .